Kashinawa language should not be confused with Tarauacá Kashinawa language.
| Kashinawa | |
| Nativename: | Kashinawa of the Ibuaçu River |
| States: | Peru, Brazil |
| Ethnicity: | Kaxinawá people |
| Date: | 2003–2007 |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Fam1: | Panoan |
| Fam2: | Mainline Panoan |
| Fam3: | Nawa |
| Fam4: | Headwaters |
| Iso3: | cbs |
| Glotto: | cash1254 |
| Glottorefname: | Cashinahua |
| Notice: | IPA |
Kashinawa (also spelled Kaxinawá, Kashinawa, Kaxynawa, Caxinawa, Caxinawá, and Cashinahua), or Hantxa Kuin (Hãtxa Kuĩ), is an indigenous American language of western South America which belongs to the Panoan language family. It is spoken by about 1,600 Kaxinawá in Peru, along the Curanja and the Purus Rivers, and in Brazil by 400 Kaxinawá in the state of Acre.
About five to ten percent of speakers have some Spanish language proficiency,[1] while forty percent are literate and twenty to thirty percent are literate in Spanish as a second language.
Dialects are Brazilian Kashinawa, Peruvian Kashinawa, and the extinct Juruá Kapanawa (Capanahua of the Juruá River) and Paranawa.
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | oral | pronounced as /ink/ (i) | pronounced as /ink/ (e) | pronounced as /ink/~pronounced as /ink/~pronounced as /ink/ (u) |
| nasal | pronounced as /ink/ (ĩ) | pronounced as /ink/ (ẽ) | pronounced as /ink/~pronounced as /ink/ (ũ) | |
| Open | oral | pronounced as /ink/ (a) | ||
| nasal | pronounced as /ink/ (ã) | |||
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ (m) | pronounced as /ink/ (n) | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | pronounced as /ink/ (p) | pronounced as /ink/ (t) | pronounced as /ink/ (k) | pronounced as /ink/ (’) | |||
| voiced | pronounced as /ink/ (b) | pronounced as /ink/ (d) | ||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /ink/ (s) | pronounced as /ink/ (x/shr) | pronounced as /ink/ (x/sh) | pronounced as /ink/ (j/h) | ||||
| Affricate | pronounced as /ink/ (ts) | pronounced as /ink/ (ch) | ||||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /ink/~pronounced as /ink/ (v/w) | pronounced as /ink/ (y) | ||||||
A dictionary has been compiled and published since 1980.
The Roman alphabet is used. There is an interrogative punctuation mark different from the question mark.
Articles and adjectives are placed after nouns. There are seven prefixes and five suffixes.