| Kawai Tsugunosuke | |
| Birth Date: | 27 January 1827 |
| Birth Place: | Nagaoka, Echigo Province, Japan |
| Death Place: | Aizu, Mutsu Province, Japan |
| Occupation: | Karō of Nagaoka Domain |
| Spouses: | Nagino Suga |
was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period, who served the Makino clan of Nagaoka. Kawai was a senior military commander of Nagaoka forces during the Boshin War of 1868–1869. He escaped to nearby Aizu after his domain's fall; however, he contracted gangrene from an untreated leg wound, and died in Aizu.