| Kasaï-Oriental | |
| Native Name: | Province du Kasaï Oriental (French) |
| Type: | Province |
| Named For: | Kasai River |
| Coordinates: | -6.15°N 59°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Demographics Type1: | Languages |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Official |
| Demographics1 Info1: | French |
| Demographics1 Title2: | National |
| Demographics1 Info2: | Tshiluba |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Mbuji-Mayi |
| Area Total Km2: | 9545 |
| Area Rank: | 26th |
| Leader Title: | Governor |
| Leader Name: | Jean-Paul Mbwebwa[1] |
| Population Total: | 3,864,300 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Rank: | 9th |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | CAT |
| Utc Offset1: | +02:00 |
| Registration Plate Type: | License Plate Code |
| Registration Plate: | CGO / 09 |
Kasaï-Oriental (French for "East Kasai") is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Kasaï-Oriental, Lomami, and Sankuru provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Kasaï-Oriental province.[2] Kasaï-Oriental was formed from the Tshilenge district and the independently administered city of Mbuji-Mayi which retained its status as a provincial capital.
The new province's territory corresponds to most of the historic Sud-Kasaï province which existed in the early period after independence between 1963 and 1966.
Kasai-Oriental is inhabited by members of the Luba tribe.
Congo obtained independence from Belgium in 1960. Friction with Congo's other ethnic groups and encouragement by Belgian corporations hoping to keep their mining concessions led to the secession of the province of South Kasai as a separate state headed by Albert Kalonji.
After being repulsed, the Congo occupied the province in September 1961. Several thousand people were killed during the "pacification" of South Kasai, which lasted through the spring of 1962.
The population of Mbuji-Mayi grew rapidly with the immigration of Luba people from other parts of the country.
The region in which Mbuji-Mayi is situated annually produces one-tenth in weight of the world's industrial diamonds, with mining managed by the Société Minière de Bakwanga. This is the largest accumulation of diamonds in the world, more concentrated than those at Kimberley, South Africa. Mbuji-Mayi handles most of the industrial diamonds produced in the Congo.
The province consists of the following five territories:
French is the official language. Tshiluba is one of the four national languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Tshiluba is spoken by about 6.3 million people in the Kasai-Oriental, Kasai-Occidental and Kasaï-Central provinces.