| Conventional Long Name: | Karluk Yabghu State |
| Common Name: | Karluk Yabghu State |
| Government Type: | Monarchy |
| Capital: | Suyab later Balasagun |
| Religion: | Tengriism |
| Year Start: | 756 |
| Year End: | 840 |
| Common Languages: | Karluk Turkic |
| P1: | Türgesh |
| S1: | Kara-Khanid Khanate |
| Today: | China Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan |
The Karluk Yabghu State (Chinese: s=葛逻禄叶护国|t=葛邏祿葉護國|p=Géluólù Yèhùguó) was a polity ruled by Karluk tribes.
The first information about the tribes of karluks that occupied the territory between Altai and the Eastern coast of Lake Balkhash dates back to the 5th century.[1] The Karluks were part of the First Turkic and Uyghur khaganates. They were composed of three tribes, therefore their ruler mostly called Sanxing Yabghu (Chinese: c=三姓葉護|s=|t=|l=[[Yabghu]] of Three Tribes) in 8th century.[2] In 742, they were named "Right Yabghu" by Basmyl khagan Ashina Shi. Like Basmyls, they were ruled by a branch of Ashina tribe.[3]
Karluk chief Bilge Yabghu Tun Apa Yigen Chor (Chinese: c=毗伽葉護頓阿波移健啜|s=|t=|p=Píjiā Yèhù Dùn ābō Yíjiàn Chuài) submitted to Uyghur khaganate in 746.[4] He may be same person as Yigen Chor mentioned in Kul-Chor stele.[5]
He was succeeded by Tun Bilge Yabghu (Chinese: c=頓毗伽葉護|s=|t=|p=Dùn Píjiā Yèhù) in 753. A ruler of Karluks were mentioned in Turco-Manichean book "Sacred book of two fundamentals" (Iki Jïltïz Nom), fragments of which were found in 1907 at Kara-Khoja in the Turpan oasis by Albert von Le Coq. The book was dedicated to the ruler of the Chigil tribes, named Alp Burguchan, Alp Tarhan, Alp İl Tirgüg.[6] He probably was the one who conquered Turgesh state and resettled Karluks in Zhetysu basin, making Suyab their capital.[7]
Another ruler was Köbäk,[8] whose coins were found in modern Kyrgyzstan.
When the Yenisei Kyrgyz destroyed the Uyghur Khaganate in 840, Karluk yabghu declared himself khagan with title Bilge Kul Qadir Khan, forming the Kara-Khanid Khanate.[9]