Karlodinium antarcticum explained

Karlodinium antarcticum is a species of unarmored dinoflagellates from the genus Karlodinium. It was first isolated from the Australian region of the Southern Ocean, near the polar front. It is medium-sized and is characterized by its long ovoid cell shape and rather long apical groove. It is considered potentially ichthyotoxic.^[1]

Further reading

• Mooney . Ben D. . etal . 2009 . Survey for karlotoxin production in 15 species of gymnodinioid dinoflagellates (Kareniaceae, Dinophyta) 1 . Journal of Phycology . 45 . 1. 164–175 . 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00630.x . 27033655 . 205696359 . free . 2009JPcgy..45..164M .
• Lim . Hong Chang . etal . 2014 . A bloom of Karlodinium australe (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) associated with mass mortality of cage-cultured fishes in West Johor Strait, Malaysia . Harmful Algae . 40 . 51–62 . 10.1016/j.hal.2014.10.005 . 55268908 .

External links

• • WORMS

Notes and References

1. de Salas. Miguel F.. Laza-Martínez. Aitor. Hallegraeff. Gustaaf M.. Novel Unarmored Dinoflagellates from the Toxigenic Family Kareniaceae (Gymnodiniales): Five New Species Ofkarlodiniumand One Newtakayamafrom the Australian Sector of the Southern Ocean. Journal of Phycology. 44. 1. 2008. 241–257. 0022-3646. 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00458.x. 27041059. 2008JPcgy..44..241D . 25477095 .