Karin Stephen Explained

Karin Stephen
Birth Name:Catherine Elizabeth Costelloe
Birth Date:10 March 1889
Occupation:psychoanalyst and psychologist
Alma Mater:Newnham College, Cambridge
Movement:Bloomsbury Group
Children:2
Mother:Mary Berenson
Relatives:Ray Strachey (sister), Christopher Strachey (nephew)

Karin Stephen (née Costelloe; 10 March 1889 – 12 December 1953) was a British psychoanalyst and psychologist.

Early life and education

Karin Stephen was born Catherine Elizabeth Costelloe. Her mother, Mary Costelloe (born Mary Whitall Smith) (better known as Mary Berenson; 1864–1945) had been a Philadelphia Quaker, and her father, Benjamin Francis Conn Costelloe (1855–1899) a Northern Irish convert to Roman Catholicism.[1] The relationship between her parents was difficult, and her mother left her husband when Karin and her sister Rachel were very young. Her father died in 1899 when she was ten years old, so the sisters were then looked after by their grandmother. While at boarding school she won a scholarship for Newnham College, Cambridge.

Stephen went up to Newnham in 1907 but left after one year, due to various personal and health problems. She then spent a year at Bryn Mawr College where she began to study philosophy and psychology. In 1909 she returned to Newnham and received a First class degree in Moral Sciences in 1910.[2] In 1914 she became a Fellow at Newnham.

Career

In 1913 she and three other women started an unsuccessful legal action, known as Bebb vs. the Law Society, claiming that the Law Society should be compelled to admit them to its preliminary examinations. The three other women were Gwyneth Bebb, who the action was named after, Maud Crofts, and Lucy Nettlefold.[3] [4]

She married Adrian Stephen (brother of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell) in 1914. They had two children, Ann Davies Stephen (1916–1997) and Judith Stephen (1918–1972) who were married respectively to biochemist Richard Laurence Millington Synge and to documentary artist and photographer Nigel Henderson. The couple, as conscientious objectors, spent the war working on a dairy farm. They became interested in the work of Sigmund Freud and after the war, the couple trained as doctors in order to practice psychoanalysis. They went into analysis with James Glover and when he died, in 1926, Karin continued with Sylvia Payne. They both qualified in 1927 and she worked in a psychiatric hospital. Accepted as an associate member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1927, she became a full member in 1931.[5]

Stephen entered private practice as a psychoanalyst. She gave the first lecture course on psychoanalysis ever given at Cambridge University: the course of six lectures was repeated over several years, and formed the basis of her medical textbook Psychoanalysis and medicine.[6] She developed deafness and had manic depression. After her husband died in 1948, her health deteriorated and she committed suicide in 1953.[5]

Leonard Woolf considered Stephen 'Old Bloomsbury'.[7]

Her papers are held in the archives of the British Psychoanalytical Society.[8]

Works

Notes and References

  1. Book: Cumming. Robert. My Dear BB ...: The Letters of Bernard Berenson and Kenneth Clark. 2015. Yale University Press. 9780300207378. 511.
  2. Book: Waithe. Mary Ellen. A History of Women Philosophers. vol 4. 1995. Kluwer. Dordrecht. 0792328086. 349.
  3. Web site: UK | 75 years of women solicitors . BBC News . 1997-12-19 . 2018-02-28.
  4. Web site: Maud Crofts: "We women want not privileges but equality." - First 100 Years. first100years.org.uk. 5 July 2016 .
  5. Allie Dillon, Provenance: XP14A - Stephen, Karin (1890-1953) née Costelloe, psychologist and psychoanalyst
  6. Marion Milner, 'Obituary: Karin Stephen (1889-1953)', The International journal of psycho-analysis, Vol. 35, 1954, pp.432-3
  7. Hermione Lee, Virginia Woolf London: Chatto & Windus (1996), p. 263
  8. Allie Dillon, Karin Stephen collection (P14)