Karel Hromádka (23 April 1887 in Großweikersdorf, Austria – 16 July 1956) was a Czech chess player, two-time Czech champion, 1913 and 1921 (jointly).
Hromádka played in the 1st unofficial Chess Olympiad, Paris 1924, and scored 6.5/8 for first place in the Consolation Cup. In Qualification Group 1 he finished in third place.[1] Hromádka played in the 1st Chess Olympiad, London 1927, and scored +4 =3 -5.[2] Notably, he also had a plus score against Siegbert Tarrasch (+2 -0 =0).
The name Hromádka Indian Defense is sometimes given to the chess opening 1.d4 Nf6 2.Nf3 c5 3.d5 d6 4.c4 e5, otherwise known as the Czech Benoni or the Old Benoni.