Karakax County Explained

Karakax County
Pushpin Map:China Xinjiang Southern#Xinjiang#China
Pushpin Label Position:right
Pushpin Map Caption:Location within Xinjiang
Pushpin Mapsize:275
Settlement Type:County
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:China
Subdivision Type1:Autonomous region
Subdivision Name1:Xinjiang
Subdivision Type2:Prefecture
Subdivision Name2:Hotan
Seat Type:County seat
Seat:Karakax Town
Area Total Km2:25788.86
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Total:571,648
Population As Of:2020
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Density Urban Km2:auto
Demographics Type2:Ethnic groups
Demographics2 Title1:Major ethnic groups
Demographics2 Info1:Uyghur, Han Chinese[2]
Timezone:China Standard
Utc Offset:+8
Postal Code Type:Postal code
Postal Code:848100
Ibox-Order:ug, zh
W:Mo⁴-yü⁴ Hsien⁴
P:Mòyù Xiàn
P2:Kālākāshí Xiàn
Uig:قاراقاش ناھىيىسى
Uly:Qaraqash Nahiyisi
Uyy:K̡arak̡ax Nah̡iyisi
Sgs:Karakax Nahiyisi
Usy:Қарақаш Наһийиси
Order:st

Karakax County[3] [4], alternatively Moyu County, also transliterated from Uyghur as Qaraqash County[5] (;), alternately Qaraqash, is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is located in the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, it is under the administration of the Hotan Prefecture. It contains an area of 25667km2. According to the 2011 census it has a population of 577,000 and 98,1% are Uyghurs. The county is bordered to the north by Awat County in Aksu Prefecture, to the northeast by Lop County, to the southeast by Hotan County, to the northwest by Maralbexi County in Kashgar Prefecture, and to the southwest by Pishan County and Kunyu. Exclaves of Kunyu are located within the county.

History

In the Late Qing dynasty, the area that would become Karakax County was divided into four ming (Chinese: 明) (Mandarin Chinese Hanyu Pinyin-derived names): Hayashi (Chinese: 哈雅什明), Buhua (Chinese: 布華明), Makuiya (Chinese: 馬奎牙明), and Kuiya (Chinese: 奎牙明). On the eve of the creation of the county, the area was divided into six ming (Chinese: 明): Zhawa (Chinese: 扎瓦明), Ying'ai (Chinese: 英愛明) (also known as Tahe (Chinese: 塔合明)), Balamusu (Chinese: 巴拉木蘇明), Kuiya (Chinese: 奎牙明), Makuiya (Chinese: 馬奎牙明), and Ka'ersai (Chinese: 喀爾賽明).

In 1919, the county was split off from Hotan County.[6]

In October 1984, the people's communes in the county were replaced with towns and townships.

In 2012, Zawa (Zhawa) was changed from a township into a town.

In 2013, Kuya (Kuiya) was changed from a township into a town.

On February 13, 2014, Qarasaz (Ka'ersai) was changed from a township into a town.

On the morning of June 20, 2014, five police officers at a security checkpoint in Kayash village in Manglay township were found dead killed by unknown assailants. The security checkpoint, known as a place where women wearing headscarves and men wearing beards would be interrogated, was razed to the ground.[7]

At 3 AM on July 19, 2014, the day after a raid at a local mosque, Zeynep Memtimin, wife of party secretary Rejep Islam, was killed by unknown assailants in an attack at their home. Islam was severely injured and left for dead, but survived.[8]

In December 2016, the Communist Party office in Karakax County was reportedly attacked by assailants using knives and improvised explosive devices, leading to the deaths of two government employees and three assailants.[9] [10] [11]

In 2017, the county was divided between four and later five main district area committees (Chinese: 大片区管委会).[12]

In May 2017, Abduheber Ahmet, the imam of the Dongbagh Mosque in Urchi township, was arrested for bringing his son to an underground religious school on one occasion several years before the arrest. Because Ahmet admitted that the events took place, Ahmet was sentenced to five and a half years in prison instead of seven years.[13]

In February 2020 dissidents leaked the hacked records of 311 detained Uyghurs from a single neighborhood in Karakax County.[14]

Geography

The populated part of Karakax county is located at the northern edge of the Karakoram mountains and southern part of Tarim basin (Taklamakan Desert). The Karakax river separates the county from Hotan County and the Hotan River separates the county from Lop County. The length from south to north is 320km (200miles) and width from east to width is 51km (32miles). Mazartag is a prominent arc-shaped mountain range in the northern desert area of the county.

Administrative divisions

Karakax county is subdivided into the following 5 towns and 11 townships:[15] [16] [17]

NameSimplified ChineseHanyu PinyinUyghur (UEY)Uyghur Latin (ULY)Administrative division codeNotes
Towns
Karakax TownChinese: 喀拉喀什镇Uighur; Uyghur: قاراقاش بازىرى653222100
Zawa Town
(Cha-wa[18])		Chinese: 扎瓦镇Uighur; Uyghur: زاۋا بازىرى653222101
Kuya TownChinese: 奎牙镇Uighur; Uyghur: كۇيا بازىرى653222102
Qarasay TownChinese: 喀尔赛镇Uighur; Uyghur: قاراساي بازىرى653222103
Purchaqchi TownChinese: 普恰克其镇Uighur; Uyghur: پۇرچاقچى بازىرى653222104formerly Purchaqchi Township (Uighur; Uyghur: پۇرچاقچى يېزىسى / Chinese: 普恰克其乡)
Townships
Aqsaray TownshipChinese: 阿克萨拉依乡Uighur; Uyghur: ئاقساراي يېزىسى653222203
Urchi TownshipChinese: 乌尔其乡Uighur; Uyghur: ئۇرچى يېزىسى653222204
Tokhula Township[19] Chinese: 托胡拉乡Uighur; Uyghur: توخۇلا يېزىسى653222205
Saybagh Township[20] Chinese: 萨依巴格乡Uighur; Uyghur: سايباغ يېزىسى653222206
Jahanbagh TownshipChinese: 加汗巴格乡Uighur; Uyghur: جاھانباغ يېزىسى[21] 653222207
Manglay TownshipChinese: 芒来乡Uighur; Uyghur: ماڭلاي يېزىسى653222209
Qochi TownshipChinese: 阔依其乡Uighur; Uyghur: قوچى يېزىسى653222210
Yawa Township
(Ya-wa)		Chinese: 雅瓦乡Uighur; Uyghur: ياۋا يېزىسى653222211
Tüwat Township[22] Chinese: 吐外特乡Uighur; Uyghur: تۈۋەت يېزىسى653222212
Yéngiyer TownshipChinese: 英也尔乡Uighur; Uyghur: يېڭىيەر يېزىسى653222213
Kawak TownshipChinese: 喀瓦克乡Uighur; Uyghur: كاۋاك يېزىسى653222214

Economy

The county produces cotton, corn, wheat, melons, silkworm cocoons, black jade and walnuts. Industries include cotton ginning, food processing, tractors and carpet making.[23]

Demographics

As of 2015, Uyghurs made up 97.61% of the population of the county. Han Chinese made up 2.34% of the population.[24]

As of 1999, 98.53% of the population of Karakax (Moyu) County was Uyghur and 1.44% of the population was Han Chinese.[25]

Transportation

Karakax county has daily bus and taxi to Hotan and other counties like Guma, and also has direct luxury buses to Ürümchi, which is the capital city of Xinjiang, Karakax is also served by China National Highway 315 and the Kashgar-Hotan Railway.

A long, straight special-use road (Chinese: 专用道[26]) enters the Taklamakan Desert northwest of Dunkule village (Chinese: 墩库勒村) in Kawak (Kawake) township. The road turns near a ridge[27] and terminates near buildings. The area is near Mazar Tagh (Ma-cha-t'a-ko, Mazartag; Uighur; Uyghur: مازار تاغ / Chinese: 麻扎塔格戌堡遗址).[28] [29]

See also

Notes and References

  1. http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22431.html. zh:1997年墨玉县行政区划. 1997 Karakax County Administrative Divisions. 6 January 2011. 4 April 2020. XZQH.org. Chinese: 和田地区辖县。面积23098.5平方千米，人口37.3万，有维吾尔、汉、回、壮等民族，其中维吾尔族占98.7％，汉族占1.3％，辖1镇15乡。.
  3. Web site: Chinese government disputes Xinjiang detention records leaked to CNN. 26 February 2020. 2 April 2020. CNN. Ben Westcott. The leaked document contained a list of 311 Uyghur residents from Karakax county in southwestern Xinjiang, all of whom were shown to have been sent off to re-education sites for a wide range of alleged offenses..
  4. Web site: Records of Xinjiang Ground-jay Podoces biddulphi in Taklimakan Desert, Xinjiang, China. 2004. 28 July 2020. 121, 122. Karakax.
  5. Web site: New Leak Shows How China Targets Uighurs in Xinjiang. 19 February 2020. 6 September 2020. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Sasha Chavkin. A newly leaked document from Xinjiang listing personal details of hundreds of individuals detained in the region's Qaraqash county offers new insights into China's campaign of repression against Uighurs and other ethnic minorities..
  6. Web site: http://www.myx.gov.cn/cms/index.php?m=content&a=index&classid=234&id=2532. zh:历史沿革. zh-hans. 13 February 2018. 26 December 2019. zh:墨玉县人民政府 . Chinese: 民国2年（1913）改和阗直隶州为和阗县，今墨玉县属和阗县管辖。民国8年（1919）成立墨玉县。.
  7. Web site: Five Police Officers Killed in Attack on Xinjiang Security Checkpoint . Shohret Hoshur . Parameswaran Ponnudurai . Shohret Hoshur. 22 June 2014. 28 December 2019. Radio Free Asia.
  8. Web site: Wife of Party Official Killed in Xinjiang 'Revenge Attack' . Shohret Hoshur . Joshua Lipes . Mamatjan Juma. 30 July 2014. 28 December 2019. Radio Free Asia.
  9. News: Louise . Watt . December 29, 2016 . December 29, 2016 . China: Police shoot dead 3 who killed 2 in Xinjiang attack . . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229085323/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/china-says-4-people-shot-dead-after-attack-in-xinjiang/2016/12/28/71cb890c-cd68-11e6-85cd-e66532e35a44_story.html . December 29, 2016 . Three 'rioters' drove into Moyu County's Communist Party courtyard in a vehicle, attacked workers with knives and detonated an explosive device, Xinhua News Agency reported, citing the Ministry of Public Security. It said an official and security guard were killed. A ministry press officer, who would only identify herself by her surname, Wang, confirmed the information in the report..
  10. News: China Says 5 Killed in Attack at Communist Party Office in Xinjiang . December 29, 2016 . December 9, 2016 . Javier C. . Hernández . . The confrontation erupted shortly before 5 p.m. on Wednesday, according to Xinhua. Several people emerged from a car and began attacking government employees with knives before detonating a bomb, Xinhua reported. A party official and a security guard were killed, according to Xinhua, and three others were injured. .
  11. News: Five dead in car bomb terror attack in China's western Xinjiang region, official media reports . December 29, 2016 . Teddy . Ng . . A car carrying the attackers crashed into the yard of the office building of the local Communist Party committee in Karakax county at 4.50pm, and a home-made explosive device was ignited, according to the news portal of the Xinjiang government. Police shot and killed the three attackers, while an official and a security worker were also killed and three others were injured, Xinhua reported, quoting the Ministry of Public Security. . December 29, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229135641/http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2057745/five-killed-terrorist-attack-chinas-western-xinjiang-region .
  12. Web site: http://www.myx.gov.cn/cms/index.php?m=content&a=index&classid=234&id=2533. zh:墨玉县历史沿革. zh:墨玉县人民政府 . 13 February 2018. 27 December 2019. Chinese: 1984年，和田地区各县市撤社建乡，政社分开。1984年10月，墨玉县实行社改乡制，撤销人民公社，建立乡镇，成立乡镇人民政府和党委；撤销大队、生产队，建立村民委员会、村民小组。墨玉县下辖1镇16乡。{....
  13. Web site: 2018-05-10. Hoshur. Shohret. Shohret Hoshur. Joshua Lipes. Xinjiang Authorities Jail Uyghur Imam Who Took Son to Unsanctioned Religious School. Radio Free Asia. https://web.archive.org/web/20180510235805/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/imam-05102018155405.html. May 10, 2018.
  14. News: Ivan Watson . Ben Westcott . Watched, judged, detained . CNN. 17 February 2020 . 17 February 2020.
  15. Web site: http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/xj/22433.html. zh:墨玉县历史沿革 . Karakax County Historical Development . XZQH.org . 2 December 2014 . zh-hans . 26 December 2019 . Chinese: 2000年第五次人口普查，墨玉县常住总人口405634人，{....
  16. Web site: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2018/65/32/653222.html . zh:2018年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：墨玉县 . 2018 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Karakax County . zh-hans . . 2018 . 26 December 2019 . Chinese: 统计用区划代码 名称 653222100000 喀拉喀什镇 653222101000 扎瓦镇 653222102000 奎牙镇 653222103000 喀尔赛镇 653222104000 普恰克其镇 653222203000 阿克萨拉依乡 653222204000 乌尔其乡 653222205000 托胡拉乡 653222206000 萨依巴格乡 653222207000 加汗巴格乡 653222209000 芒来乡 653222210000 阔依其乡 653222211000 雅瓦乡 653222212000 吐外特乡 653222213000 英也尔乡 653222214000 喀瓦克乡 653222500000 兵团四十七团 653222501000 兵团二二四团|.
  17. Web site: http://www.myx.gov.cn/cms/index.php?m=content&a=index&classid=240&id=2567. zh:行政区划. zh-hans. 13 February 2018. 26 December 2019. Chinese: 新中国成立前行政区划:清末，墨玉设有4明（千户）：哈雅什明、布华明、马奎牙明、奎牙明。建县前夕，由4明扩至6明，即扎瓦明、英爱明（又称塔合明）、巴拉木苏明、奎牙明、马奎牙明、喀尔赛明。{.... zh:墨玉县人民政府.
  18. Web site: Washington, D. C.. NJ 44 Ho-tien. en. 1971. Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection. U.S. Army Topographic Command. MO-YÜ (KARAKASH)Cha-waYa-wa.
  19. , United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  20. , United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  21. Web site: http://uy.xjdaily.com.cn/system/2020/01/14/036049199.shtml. ug:كەنت ئاھالىلىرى ئىشىك ئالدىدىلا «ساياھەت تامىقى» يېيەلىدى. ug. 14 January 2020. 13 May 2020. Xinjiang Daily. Uighur; Uyghur: قاراقاش ناھىيەسى جاھانباغ يېزىسى. قۇربانجان قېيۇم.
  22. , United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  23. Book: 夏征农. 陈至立. zh:辞海：第六版彩图本 . Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color) . September 2009. 上海. Shanghai. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House.. 978-7-5326-2859-9. zh. 1610. Chinese: 面积2.58万平方千米。人口47万（2006年）。{....
  24. Web site: http://www.myx.gov.cn/cms/index.php?m=content&a=index&classid=237&id=2546. zh:人口 民族. 13 February 2018. 27 December 2019 . zh:墨玉县人民政府 . Chinese: 2015年，墨玉县境内（包括47团、224团）有维吾尔族563 606人，占总人口的97.61%；有汉族13 522人，占总人口的2.34%；.
  25. Book: Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers. 2004. 0-295-98390-6. Morris Rossabi. Morris Rossabi. University of Washington Press. 180.
  26. Web site: 20120719105550523.jpg. 2012. 23 January 2020. zh-hans. Chinese: 专用道. zh:和田政府网.
  27. Web site: Washington, D. C.. NJ 44 Ho-tien [China, India] Series 1301, Edition 3-TPC]. en. 1971. Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection. U.S. Army Topographic Command. HA-LA-MA 1577 1611 1500 1703 MH ELEVATIONS IN METERS.
  28. , United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  29. Web site: http://www.myx.gov.cn/cms/index.php?m=content&a=index&classid=267&id=2330. zh:麻扎塔格古戍堡. zh-hans. 12 February 2018. 25 January 2020. zh:墨玉县人民政府 . 电子政务办公室.

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