Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines explained
The was an organizational aspect of the establishment of Japanese State Shinto. This system classified Shinto shrines as either official government shrines or "other" shrines. The official shrines were divided into
- Imperial shrines (kampeisha), which are parsed into minor, medium, or major sub-categories; and
- National shrines (kokuheisha), which are similarly categorized as minor, medium, or major.[1]
Some shrines are the "first shrines" called ichinomiya that have the highest rank in their respective provinces of Japan.
The Ise Grand Shrine stood at the top of all shrines and thus was outside the classification.[2] [3]
All listed shrines on this page with the exception of Ise Grand Shrine are Beppyo shrines.
History
On the fourteenth day of the fifth month of 1871, by decree of the Dajō-kan, the fundamental elements of the modern shrine system were established: a hierarchic ranking of Shinto shrines, with specification of the grades of priest who could officiate at the various levels of shrine.[4] These rankings were set aside in 1946, when such rankings were deemed "State Shinto" by the Occupation Shinto Directive. The Jinja Honcho currently has a slightly different List of Special Shrines (別表神社, beppyo jinja).
Ise Grand Shrine
Kashima Jingu and
Katori Jingu were considered the two shrines directly below Ise Jingu.
Kan-sha
The or "official government shrines" had two subdivisions, Kanpei-sha or "government shrines" and Kokuhei-sha or "national shrines".[4]
For future tables, red cells denote shrines in the Japanese colonial empire.
Kanpei-sha
In 1871, the Japanese government established the Kanpei-sha (官幣社) system to classify Shinto shrines based on their level of association with the imperial family. The highest category included shrines that venerated the imperial family members, emperors, or meritorious retainers of the Imperial family. These shrines were considered to be the most closely associated with the imperial family and received government support.[1]
Imperial shrines, 1st rank
The Kanpei-taisha were the most highly ranked shrines in Japan that were officially designated by the government. There were 67 shrines that held this status, which were closely associated with the imperial family. These shrines were considered to be of great historical and cultural significance, and were often visited by members of the imperial family as well as the general public.[5]
name | location | Category | notes |
---|
Katori jingu[6] | Katori, Chiba | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | |
Kashima Jingū | Kashima, Ibaraki | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | |
Iwashimizu Hachimangū | Yawata | Kokushi genzaisha, Chokusaisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Upper Seven; Homuda-wakeno-mikoto (Emperor Ōjin); Okinaga-tarashi-hime-no-mikoto (Empress Jingū), |
Kamigamo Shrine | Kita-ku, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Upper Seven, combined with Shimogamo Shrine; Wake-ikazuchi-no-kami; ichinomiya of Yamashiro Province[7] |
Shimogamo Shrine | Sakyō-ku, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Upper Seven, combined with Kamigamo Shrine; Tamayori-hime-no-mikoto; Kamo Taeketsunumi-no-mikoto; ichinomiya of Yamashiro Province |
Kasuga-taisha[8] | Nara | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Upper Seven, Takemikazuchi, Futsunushi, Ame no Koyane, Himegami |
Matsunoo Taisha | Ukyō-ku, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Upper Seven; Oyamakui-no-mikoto; Nakatsushima-hime-no-mikoto, Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto |
Hirano Shrine | Kita-ku, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Upper Seven; Imaki-no-kami, Kudo-no-kami; Furuaki-no-kami, Himegami |
Fushimi Inari-taisha | Fushimi-ku, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Upper Seven; Inari Ōkami, Ukanomitama |
Tatsuta Taisha | Sangō, Nara | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Middle Seven, Shinatsuhiko |
Ōmiwa Shrine | Sakurai, Nara | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Middle Seven; ichinomiya of Yamato Province ŌmononushiŌnamuchiSukunahikona-no-kamiMount Miwa |
Isonokami Shrine[9] | Tenri, Nara | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Middle Seven, |
Ōyamato Shrine | Tenri, Nara | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Middle Seven, Yamato Okunitama |
Hirose Taisha | Kawai, Nara | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Middle Seven |
Sumiyoshi-taisha | Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Middle Seven; ichinomiya of Settsu Province, Sumiyoshi sanjin, Empress Jingū |
Hiyoshi Taisha | Ōtsu | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Lower Eight, Ninomiya, Ōkuninushi, Oyamakui no Kami |
Hirota Shrine | Nishinomiya | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Lower Eight, Amaterasu |
Yasaka Shrine[10] | Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto | Kokushi genzaisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Lower Eight, Susanoo-no-Mikoto (Gion cult, Yashimajinumi |
Niukawakami Shrine | Higashiyoshino, Nara | Myojin Taisha | one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Lower Eight |
Itsukushima Shrine | Hatsukaichi | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Aki Province proposed addition to the Twenty-Two Shrines,,, |
Izumo-taisha | Izumo, Shimane | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | ichinomiya of Izumo Province[11] head shrine of Izumo-taishakyo, sometimes seen as a rival to Ise Grand Shrine, Susanoo-no-Mikoto |
Hikawa Shrine[12] | Saitama | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | ichinomiya of Musashi ProvinceSusanooKushinadahimeŌkuninushiAshinazuchiTenazuchi |
Usa Jingū | Usa, Ōita | Myojin Taisha, Chokusaisha | ichinomiya of Buzen ProvinceHachiman |
Kashii-gū | Higashi-ku, Fukuoka | Kokushi genzaisha, Chokusaisha | Emperor Chuai, Empress Jingu |
Kashihara Jingu | Kashihara, Nara | Chokusaisha | Emperor Jimmu, Himetataraisuzu-hime |
Heian Jingu | Sakyō-ku, Kyoto | Chokusaisha |
|
Meiji Jingu[13] | Shibuya | Chokusaisha | Emperor MeijiEmpress Shoken |
Omi Jingū | Ōtsu | Chokusaisha | Emperor Tenji |
Awa Shrine | Tateyama, Chiba | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Awa Province Ame-no-Futodama |
Aso Shrine | Aso, Kumamoto | Myojin Taisha | |
Atsuta Jingu[14] | Atsuta-ku, Nagoya | Myojin Taisha | Atsuta no Ōkami Amaterasu
Susanoo
Yamatotakeru
Miyazu-hime
|
Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha[15] | Fujinomiya, Shizuoka[16] | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Suruga Province, Konohanasakuya-hime |
Gassan Shrine | Tsuruoka | Myojin Taisha | one of the Three Mountains of Dewa; Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto |
Hakozaki Shrine | Higashi-ku, Fukuoka | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Chikuzen ProvinceEmperor ŌjinEmpress JingūTamayori-hime |
Hinokuma Jingu | Wakayama | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Kii Province,[17] shared with Kunikakasu Shrine; |
Hie Shrine | Chiyoda, Tokyo | | Oyamakui no Kami |
Hiraoka Shrine | Higashiōsaka | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Kawachi Province Ame-no-Koyane, Hime-gami, Futsunushi, Takemikazuchi |
Hokkaidō Jingū[18] | Sapporo | | ichinomiya of Ezo Province[19] Ōkunitama, Ōkuninushi, and Sukunahikona, |
Ikukunitama Shrine | Tennōji-ku, Osaka | Myojin Taisha | |
Izanagi Jingu | | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Awaji Province Izanagi, Izanami |
Kehi Jingu | Tsuruga, Fukui | Myojin Taisha | |
Kagoshima Jingū | Kirishima, Kagoshima | Shikinai Taisha | ichinomiya of Ōsumi ProvinceHooriToyotama-himeEmperor ChūaiEmperor ŌjinEmpress Jingū |
Kamayama Shrine | Wakayama | | |
Kirishima Jingū | Kirishima, Kagoshima | | Konohanasakuya-himeHooriToyotama-himeUgayafukiaezuTamayori-bimeNinigi-no-Mikoto |
Kumano Hongū Taisha | Tanabe, Wakayama | Myojin Taisha | |
Kumano Hayatama Taisha | Shingū, Wakayama | Shikinai Taisha | |
Kunikakasu Shrine | Wakayama | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Kii Province; shared with Hinokuma Shrine; |
Mishima Taisha | Mishima, Shizuoka | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Izu Province, Ōyamatsumi |
Miyazaki Jingū | Miyazaki | | Emperor JimmuUgayafukiaezuTamayori-bime |
Munakata Taisha | Munakata, Fukuoka | Myojin Taisha | ,, |
Niutsuhime Shrine | Katsuragi, Wakayama | Myojin Taisha | Niutsuhime-no-ŌkamiKōyamiko-no-ŌkamiŌgetsuhime-no-kamiIchikishimahime-no-Ōkami |
Ōtori taisha | Sakai | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Izumi Province Ōtori-no-muraji and Yamato Takeru |
Suwa-taisha | Suwa, Nagano | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Shinano ProvinceTakeminakataYasakatomeKotoshironushi |
Takebe taisha | Ōtsu[20] | Myojin Taisha | Yamato-takeru-no-mitoko |
Taga-taisha | Taga, Shiga | | Sannomiya Izanagi, Izanami |
Udo Jingū | Nichinan, Miyazaki | | UgayafukiaezuAmaterasuAme-no-oshihomimiNinigi-no-MikotoHooriEmperor Jimmu |
Yoshino Jingu[21] | Yoshino, Nara | | Emperor Go-Daigo |
Taiwan Grand Shrine | Taipei, Taiwan | | now extinct |
Karafuto Shrine | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Karafuto Prefecture, Russia | | removed from Sakhalin |
Chōsen Jingu | Seoul, Korea under Japanese rule | | now extinctKunitama OkamiAmaterasu Okami |
Fuyo Jingū | Buyeo County, Korea | | never completed[22] Emperor Ōjin (Hachiman),Empress Kōgyoku,Emperor Tenji,Empress Jingū |
Kantō Jingu | Lüshunkou District, Kwantung Leased Territory, China | | now extinctEmperor MeijiAmaterasu Omikami |
Nan'yō Shrine[23] | Koror, Palau | | Amaterasu Ōmikami. holy relics and kami were evacuated by submarine in 1944[24] | |
Imperial shrines, 2nd rank
The mid-range of ranked Imperial shrines or Kanpei Chūsha (官幣中社) included 23 sanctuaries. These shrines were considered to be of intermediate rank among the government-supported shrines and were given lesser financial support compared to the Kanpei-taisha.[25]
name | location | category | notes |
---|
Ōharano Shrine. | Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto. | Kokushi genzaisha | Take-mikazuchi-no-mitoko, Futsunushi Ame-no-Koyane, Himegami, one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Middle Seven; |
Kifune Shrine. | Sakyō-ku, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha | Kuraokami-no-kami, one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Lower Eight |
Kitano Tenmangū. | Kamigyō-ku, Kyoto | Kokushi genzaisha | Sugawara no Michizane , one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Lower Eight |
Umenomiya Taisha. | Ukyō-ku, Kyoto[26] | Myojin Taisha | Sakatoke-no-kami, Ōwakako-no-kami, Satatokeko-no-kami, one of the Twenty-Two Shrines, Lower Eight; |
Yoshida Shrine. | Sakyō-ku, Kyoto | | Twenty-Two Shrines, Lower Eight, Take-mikazuchi-no-mitoko, Futsunushi Ame-no-Koyane, Himegami,[27] |
Akama Jingu | Shimonoseki | | Emperor Antoku
- n.b., raised to kanpei-taisha in 1940
|
Dazaifu Tenmangū. | Dazaifu, Fukuoka | | Sugawara no Michizane |
Hikosan Jingū. | Soeda, Fukuoka Prefecture | | AmenooshihomimiIzanagiIzanami-no-Mikoto |
Iinoya-gū | Hamana-ku, Hamamatsu[28] | | Munenaga-shinnō |
Ikasuri Shrine | Chūō-ku, Osaka | Shikinai Taisha | ichinomiya of Settsu Province Zamagami |
Ikuta Shrine | Chūō-ku, Kobe | Myojin Taisha | Wakahiru-me |
Itakiso Shrine | Wakayama (city)[29] | Myojin Taisha | |
Kamakura-gū | Kamakura[30] | | Morinaga-shinnō |
Kanasana Shrine | Kodama District, Saitama | Myojin Taisha | Amaterasu, Susanoo-no-Mikoto |
Kanegasaki-gū[31] | Tsuruga, Fukui[32] | | Takanaga Shinnō, Tsunenaga shinnō |
Kibitsu Shrine | Okayama | Myojin Taisha | |
Kumano Nachi Taisha | Nachikatsuura[33] | Kokushi genzaisha | Ketsumiko, Kumano Hayatama-no-kami, Kumano Fusumi-no-kami |
Minase Shrine | Shimamoto, Osaka | | Emperor Go-Toba, Emperor Tsuchimikado and Emperor Juntoku; n.b., raised to kanpei-taisha in 1940 |
Mikami Shrine | Yasu, Shiga[34] | Myojin Taisha | |
Nagata Shrine. | Nagata-ku, Kobe[35] | Myojin Taisha | Kotohshironushi-no-mikoto |
Shiramine Jingū[36] | Kamigyō-ku, Kyoto | | Emperor Junnin
- n.b., raised to kanpei-taisha in 1940
|
Sumiyoshi Shrine | Shimonoseki[37] | Myojin Taisha | |
Yatsushiro-gū | Yatsushiro, Kumamoto[38] | | Prince Kaneyoshi |
. | Tarumi-ku, Kobe, Harima Province | Myojin Taisha | Watatsumi |
. | Tainan, Taiwan | | now extinct; Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa-no-mikoto | |
Imperial shrines, 3rd rank
There were five shrines that were considered the lowest ranked among the Imperial shrines. They were called Kanpei-shōsha (官幣小社).[31]
name | location | Category | notes |
---|
Kamado Shrine. | Dazaifu, Fukuoka[39] | Myojin Taisha | Tamayori-bimeEmperor ŌjinEmpress Jingū |
Naminoue Shrine. | Naha, Okinawa[40] | | Izanami, Hayatama, Kotosaka; ichinomiya of Ryukyu Islands[41] |
Ōkunitama Shrine. | Fuchū, Tokyo[42] | | Ōkuninushi Okunitama
|
Shikaumi Shrine. | Higashi-ku, Fukuoka[43] | Myojin Taisha | Uwatsutsunoo-no-mikoto, Kakatsutsunoo-no-mitoko, Sokotsutsunoo-no-mikoto, |
Sumiyoshi Shrine. | Hakata-ku, Fukuoka[44] | Myojin Taisha | | |
Other Imperial shrines
After the establishment of the officially ranked Imperial shrines, another group of special shrines known as Bekkaku kanpeisha (別格官幣社) was created. These shrines were not included in the ranking system of the Imperial shrines, but were still imperial.[45]
name | location | Category | notes |
---|
Yasukuni Shrine | Chiyoda, Tokyo | Chokusaisha | Gokoku Shrines are categorized separately but considered branches of this shrine[46] |
Abeno Shrine | | | |
Fujishima Shrine | Fukui (city) | | |
| Fukui (city) | | |
Goō Shrine | Kamigyō-ku, Kyoto | | |
Karasawayama Shrine | Tochigi | | |
Kenkun Shrine | Kita-ku, Kyoto | | |
Kikuchi Shrine | | | |
Kitabatake Shrine | Tsu, Mie | | |
Komikado Shrine | | | |
Kunōzan Tōshō-gū | | | |
Minatogawa Shrine | ,, Japan | | |
| Kamigyō-ku, Kyoto | | |
Nawa Shrine | | | |
Nikkō Tōshō-gū | | | |
Oyama Shrine | | | |
Ryōzen Shrine | | | |
| | | |
Shijōnawate Shrine | | | |
Tanzan Shrine | Sakurai, Nara | | |
Toyokuni Shrine (Kyoto) | ,, | | |
| Yamaguchi (city) | | |
| Yamaguchi (city) | | |
Terukuni shrine | | | |
Tokiwa shrine | | | |
Uesugi Shrine | | | |
| | | |
Yūki Shrine | Tsu, Mie | | | |
Kokuhei-sha
The identified the hierarchy of government-supported shrines with national significance. The kokuheisha enshrined kami considered beneficial to more local areas.[1]
National shrines, 1st rank
The most highly ranked, nationally significant shrines or were six sanctuaries.
National shrines, 2nd rank
The mid-range of ranked, nationally significant shrines or encompassed 47 sanctuaries.
name | location | Category | notes |
---|
Aekuni Shrine | Ueno, Iga | | |
Ani Shrine | Okayama, Okayama | Myojin Taisha | |
Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine | Yuza, Yamagata | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Dewa Province; |
Chinzei Taisha Suwa Shrine | Nagasaki, Nagasaki | | |
Hakodate Hachiman Shrine | Hakodate, Hokkaidō | | |
Hayatani Shrine | Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima | | Ninomiya |
Ichinomiya Nukisaki Shrine | Tomioka, Gunma | Myojin Taisha | |
Isasumi Shrine | Aizumisato, Fukushima | Myojin Taisha | |
Ichinomiya Asama Shrine | Fuefuki, Yamanashi | Myojin Taisha | |
Ikushimatarushima Shrine | Ueda, Nagano | Myojin Taisha | |
Imizu Shrine | Takaoka, Toyama | Myojin Taisha | |
Izumo daijingu | Kameoka, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha | |
Izushi Shrine | Toyooka, Hyōgo | Myojin Taisha | |
Iwa Shrine | Shisō, Hyōgoe | Myojin Taisha | |
Isono Shrine | Saijō, Ehime | Myojin Taisha | |
Inbe Shrine | Tokushima, Tokushima | Myojin Taisha | |
Kaijin Shrine | Tsushima, Nagasaki | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Tsushima Province; |
Kono Shrine | Miyazu, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Tango Province |
Kotohira-gu | Kotohira, Kagawa | | |
Masumida Shrine | Ichinomiya, Aichi | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Owari Province |
Mizuwakasu Shrine | Okinoshima, Shimane | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Oki Province |
Miho Shrine | Matsue, Shimane | | |
Nakayama Shrine | Tsuyama, Okayama | Myojin Taisha | |
Nikkō Futarasan Shrine | Nikkō, Tochigi | Myojin Taisha | |
Nitta Shrine | Satsumasendai, Kagoshima | | ichinomiya of Satsuma Province |
Ōasahiko Shrine | Naruto, Tokushima | Myojin Taisha | |
Ōagata Shrine | Inuyama, Aichi | Myojin Taisha | Ninomiya, |
Oarai Isosaki Shrine | Ōarai, Ibaraki | Myojin Taisha | |
Shiogama Shrine | Shiogama, Miyagi | | |
Sakatsura Isosaki Shrine | Hitachinaka, Ibaraki | Myojin Taisha | |
Sumiyoshi Shrine (Iki City) | Iki, Nagasaki | Myojin Taisha | |
Samukawa Shrine | Samukawa, Kanagawa | Myojin Taisha | |
Shirayamahime Shrine | Hakusan, Ishikawa | | ichinomiya of Kaga Province |
Sasamuta Shrine | Ōita, Ōita | Shikinai Taisha | |
Tsutsukowake Shrine | Tanagura, Fukushima | Myojin Taisha | |
Tamanooya Shrine | Hōfu, Yamaguchi | | ichinomiya of Suō Province |
Tamasaki Shrine | Ichinomiya, Chiba | Myojin Taisha | |
Tamura Shrine | Takamatsu, Kagawa | Myojin Taisha | |
Tashima Shrine | Karatsu, Saga | Myojin Taisha | |
Tosa Shrine | Kōchi, Kōchi | Shikinai Taisha | ichinomiya of Tosa Province |
Tsurugaoka Hachimangū | Kamakura, Kanagawa | | |
Utsunomiya Futarayama Shrine | Utsunomiya, Tochigi | Myojin Taisha | |
Ube Shrine | Tottori, Tottori | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Inaba Province |
Wakasahiko Shrine | Obama, Fukui | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Wakasa Province |
Yahiko Shrine | Yahiko, Niigata | Myojin Taisha | ichinomiya of Echigo Province | |
National shrines, 3rd rank
The lowest ranked, nationally significant shrines or includes 50 sanctuaries.
Name | location | category | notes |
---|
| Chichibu, Saitama | | Shinomiya |
Chiriku Hachiman Shrine | Miyaki, Saga | | ichinomiya of Buzen Province |
Dewa Shrine | Tsuruoka, Yamagata | | one of the Three Mountains of Dewa |
Fujisaki-hachimangu | Kumamoto, Kumamoto | | |
| Hakone, Kanagawa | | |
Hinomisaki Shrine | Izumo, Shimane | | |
| Ibusuki, Kagoshima | | ichinomiya of Satsuma Province |
Hotaka Shrine | Azumino, Nagano | Myojin Taisha | |
Iminomiya Shrine | Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi | | |
| Gifu, Gifu | | |
| Hirosaki, Aomori | | ichinomiya of Mutsu Province |
| Atami, Shizuoka | | |
Kibitsuhiko Shrine | Okayama, Okayama | Myojin Taisha | |
| Fukuyama, Hiroshima | | ichinomiya of Bingo Province |
| Akita, Akita | Kokushi genzaisha | |
Komagata Shrine | Ōshū, Iwate | | ichinomiya of Rikuchū Province |
| Takayama, Gifu | | ichinomiya of Hida Province |
Mononobe Shrine | Ōda, Shimane | | ichinomiya of Iwami Province |
Nunakuma Shrine | Fukuyama, Hiroshima | | |
| Yonago, Tottori | | |
| Mori, Shizuoka | | ichinomiya of Tōtōmi Province |
Owari Ōkunitama Shrine | Inazawa, Aichi | | |
Oyama Shrine | Tateyama, Toyama | | ichinomiya of Etchū Province |
| Matsue, Shimane | | |
| Yurihama, Tottori | | ichinomiya of Hōki Province |
| Aoi-ku, Shizuoka | | |
Susa Shrine | Izumo, Shimane | | |
| Kaga, Ishikawa | | Ninomiya |
| Tsushima, Aichi | | |
| Echizen, Fukui | | Ninomiya |
| Nagano, Nagano | | |
| Nanto, Toyama | | |
| Toyokawa, Aichi | | ichinomiya of Mikawa Province |
Tsuno Shrine | Tsuno, Miyazaki | | ichinomiya of Hyūga Province |
Watatsu Shrine | Sado, Niigata | | ichinomiya of Sado Province |
Yudonosan Shrine | Tsuruoka, Yamagata | | one of the Three Mountains of Dewa |
Yusuhara Hachimangū | Oita, Oita | | ichinomiya of Bungo Province |
Heijō Shrine | Pyongyang, Korea | | extinct |
Kagi Shrine | Chiayi, Taiwan | | extinct |
| Hamhung, Korea | | extinct |
Keijō Shrine | Seoul, Korea | | extinct |
| Gwangju, Korea | | extinct |
| Chuncheon, Korea | | extinct |
Ryūtōsan Shrine | Busan, Korea | | extinct |
| Hsinchu, Taiwan | | extinct |
Taichu Shrine | Taichung, Taiwan | | extinct |
| Daegu, Korea | | extinct |
| Jeonju, Korea | | extinct | |
Gokoku shrines
Gokoku shrines were ranked separately. They were considered branches of Yasukuni Shrine.[46] This list only includes those which are currently ranked as Beppyo shrines.
name | location | Beppyo | notes |
---|
| | formerly | Traditional head shrine. Also ranked as a Bekkaku Kanpeisha |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| Yamagata | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| , | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| ,, | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
Hamada Gokoku Shrine | | yes | |
| | yes | |
Bingo Gokoku Shrine | | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
Nagasaki Gokoku Shrine | | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | |
| | yes | Not a proper Gokoku Shrine but listed as equivalent due to having been finished after the war |
| | yes | Not a proper Gokoku Shrine but listed as equivalent due to having been finished after the war |
| | no | |
| , | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| , | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | |
| | no | | |
"Min-sha"
The or various smaller shrines ranking below these two levels of Kan-sha ("official government shrines") are commonly, though unofficially, referred to as "people's shrines" or . These lower-ranking shrines were initially subdivided by the proclamation of the fourteenth day of the fifth month of 1871 into four main ranks, "Metropolitan", "Clan" or "Domain", "Prefectural", and "District" shrines.[4] By far the largest number of shrines fell below the rank of District shrine. Their status was clarified by the of the fourth day of the seventh month of 1871, in accordance with which "Village shrines" ranked below their respective "District shrines", while the smaller local shrines or Hokora ranked beneath the "Village shrines".[4]
Here is a non-exhaustive list of shrines under each categorization. This list only includes ones now listed as Beppyo shrines unless otherwise specified.
Metropolitan and Prefectural Shrines
"Metropolitan shrines" were known as . "Prefectural shrines" were known as . At a later date, the "Prefectural shrines" were classed together with the "Metropolitan shrines" as "Metropolitan and Prefectural Shrines" or .
Name | location | Category | notes |
---|
Metropolitan Shrine (府社) |
Nogi Shrine (Tokyo) | Minato, Tokyo | - | |
Kanda Shrine | Chiyoda, Tokyo | | |
Tōgō Shrine | Tokyo Shibuya | - | |
Ōmiya Hachiman Shrine (Tokyo) | Suginami | - | |
Yushima Tenmangū | Bunkyō | | |
Atago Shrine (Kyoto) | Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture Ukyō-ku, Kyoto | Shikinai Shosha | |
Osaka Tenmangū | Kita-ku, Osaka | | |
Kōzu-gū | Chuo Ward, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture | | |
Prefectural Shrine (県社) |
Sumiyoshi Shrine | Otaru | | |
Kamikawa Shrine | Asahikawa | | |
Obihiro Shrine | Obihiro | | |
Tarumaezan Shrine | Tomakomai | | |
Saruka Shrine | Hirakawa, Aomori | | |
| Shiwa District, Iwate Shiwa, Iwate | - | |
Morioka Hachimangū | Morioka | - | |
| Ishinomaki | Shōsha Ronsha (小社論社) | |
Takekoma Inari Shrine | Iwanuma | | |
| Akita (city) | | |
| Senboku District, Akita Misato, Akita | | |
Kinpō Shrine | Tsuruoka | | |
Kumano Shrine | Nan'yō, Yamagata | | |
| Nishiokitama District, Yamagata Shirataka | - | |
| Nishimurayama District, Yamagata Kahoku, Yamagata | - | |
| Yamagata | - | |
| Sagae | - | |
Tsukubasan Shrine | Tsukuba | Myojin Taisha (名神)・Shikinai Shosha | |
Mito Tōshō-gū | Mito, Ibaraki | - | |
| Chichibu, Saitama | | |
| Nagatoro, Saitama | | |
| Higashimatsuyama, Saitama | | |
Hikawa Shrine (Kawagoe) | Kawagoe, Saitama | | |
Washinomiya Shrine | Kuki, Saitama | | |
Koma Shrine | Hidaka, Saitama | | |
Enoshima Shrine | Fujisawa, Kanagawa | | |
| Yokohama | - | |
| Hiratsuka | | |
Hōtoku Ninomiya Shrine | Odawara | - | |
| Isehara, Kanagawa | Shikinai Shosha | |
| Niigata (city) Chūō-ku, Niigata | Shōsha Ronsha (小社論社) | |
| Toyama city | - | |
| Kanazawa | Shikinai Shosha | |
| Fukui (city) | | |
| Fujiyoshida | | |
| Minamitsuru District, Yamanashi Fujikawaguchiko | | |
Takeda Shrine | Kōfu | - | |
| Matsumoto, Nagano | | |
| Suwa, Nagano | | |
| Chikuma, Nagano | Myojin Taisha (名神) | |
| Ōmachi, Nagano | | |
| Takayama, Gifu | | |
Akihasan Hongū Akiha Shrine | Tenryū Ward | | |
| Shimoda, Shizuoka | Myojin Taisha (名神) | |
Yaizu Shrine | Yaizu | | |
| Shimada, Shizuoka | | |
| Chūō-ku, Hamamatsu | | |
Wakamiya Hachiman Shrine | Naka Ward, Nagoya City | | |
| Chiryū | Shikinai Shosha | |
Tsubaki Grand Shrine | Suzuka, Mie | Shōsha Ronsha (小社論社) | |
Himure Hachiman-gū | Ōmihachiman | | |
| Nagahama, Shiga | | |
Nishinomiya Shrine | Nishinomiya | | |
Itatehyōzu Shrine | Himeji | Shikinai Shosha | |
Hiromine Shrine | Himeji | Kokushi genzaisha (国史) | |
Oishi Shrine | Akō, Hyōgo | - | |
Tada Shrine | Kawanishi, Hyōgo | - | |
| Yamatotakada, Nara | Taisha (大社) | |
| Tanabe, Wakayama | | |
| Matsue | | |
Yaegaki Shrine | Matsue | Shikinai Shosha | |
Fukuyama Hachimangū | Fukuyama, Hiroshima | | |
| Kure, Hiroshima | | |
Hōfu Tenmangū | Hōfu | | |
| Ube, Yamaguchi | | |
Kameyama Hachimangū | Shimonoseki | | |
| Saijō, Ehime | | |
| Uwajima, Ehime | | |
| Matsuyama | Myojin Taisha (名神) | |
| Kōchi (city) | | |
Miyajidake Shrine | Fukutsu, Fukuoka | | |
Kurume Suitengū | Kurume City | | |
Kushida Shrine | Hakata-ku, Fukuoka | | |
Furogu Shrine | Ōkawa, Fukuoka | | |
| Kitakyushu Tobata-ku, Kitakyūshū | | |
| Moji-ku, Kitakyūshū | | |
Umi Hachiman-gū | Kasuya District, Fukuoka Umi, Fukuoka | | |
| Buzen, Fukuoka | | |
Terumo Shrine | Chūō-ku, Fukuoka | | |
| Iizuka, Fukuoka | | |
Yūtoku Inari Shrine | Kashima, Saga | - | |
| Sasebo | | |
Aoi Aso Shrine | Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto | | |
| Beppu | | |
| Ōita (city) | | |
| Miyakonojō | | |
| Nishimorokata District, Miyazaki Takaharu, Miyazaki | | |
Susaki Shrine | | | Awa Province Ichinomiya, Not a Beppyo shrine |
| | | Soja Shrine, Not a Beppyo shrine |
Take Shrine | Fuchu, Aki District, Hiroshima | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Unknown |
Tsubaki-Nakato Shrine | Suzuka, Mie Prefecture | | Ise Province Ichinomiya, Not a Beppyo shrine |
Kotonomama Hachiman-gū | Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture | | Tōtōmi Province Ichinomiya, Not a Beppyo shrine |
Keta Jinja | Takaoka, Toyama Prefecture | | ichinomiya of former Etchū Province, Not a Beppyo shrine |
Kota Shrine | Jōetsu, Niigata Prefecture | | ichinomiya of former Echigo Province, Not a Beppyo shrine |
Amatsu Shrine | Itoigawa, Niigata | | ichinomiya of former Echigo Province, Not a Beppyo shrine |
Awaga-jinja | Asago in Hyōgo Prefecture | | ichinomiya of former Tajima Province, Not a Beppyo shrine |
Ichinomiya Shrine | Tokushima in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan | | ichinomiya of former Awa Province, Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Saga, Saga Prefecture | | Hizen Province ichinomiya, Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Kyoto, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Izumi Province, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Higo Province, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Ibaraki, Osaka Prefecture, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Osaka | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Nitta Shrine (Ōta) | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Suga Shrine | Unnan, Shimane Prefecture, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Sakurai Shrine (Sakai) | Sakai, Osaka Prefecture, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Osaka Prefecture, Japan | Myojin Taisha | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Suda Hachiman Shrine | Hashimoto, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Nishiwaki, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Habikino | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Kainan City, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Ikoma Shrine | Ikoma, Nara | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Minamiawaji, Hyōgo Prefecture | | Not a Beppyo shrine, Yamato Okunitama, Awaji Province Ninomiya |
Koxinga Shrine | Tainan, Taiwan | | Was proposed to be the highest shrine in Taiwan[47] | |
Clan or Domain shrines
"Clan shrines" or "Domain shrines" were known as .[4] Due to the abolition of the han system, no shrines were ever placed in this category.[45]
District shrine
"District shrines" were known as .[4]
Name | location | Category | notes |
---|
| Shōnai, Yamagata | - | |
| Inashiki | | |
| Suginami | - | |
| Kawasaki, Kanagawa Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki | | |
| Fujiyoshida | | |
| Fuji, Shizuoka | Shikinai Shosha | |
Imamiya Ebisu Shrine | Naniwa-ku, Osaka | | |
| Kanoashi District, Shimane Tsuwano, Shimane | | |
| Anan, Tokushima | | |
| Nishi-ku, Fukuoka | | |
Tagata Shrine | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Ono Shrine | | | Not a Beppyo shrineMusashi Province Ichinomiya |
Ebetsu shrine | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Hokumon Shrine | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Kushihiki Hachimangū | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Ōsasahara Shrine | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Shirahigetawara Shrine | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Torigoe Hachiman Shrine | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
Tosa Kokubun-ji | | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| | | Not a Beppyo shrine |
| Kishiwada, Osaka | | Not a Beppyo shrine | |
Village shrines
"Village shrines" were known as and ranked below their respective "District shrines", in accordance with the District Shrine Law of 4 July 1871.[4]
Name | location | Category | notes |
---|
Ōsaki Hachimangū | Sendai Aoba-ku, Sendai | | |
Kasama Inari Shrine | Kasama, Ibaraki | | |
| Matsumoto, Nagano | - | |
| Atami | | |
Futami Okitama Shrine | Ise, Mie | | |
| Higashiōmi | | |
| Hiroshima Minami-ku, Hiroshima | | |
| Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyūshū | | |
Aoshima Shrine | Miyazaki (city) | | |
Takachiho Shrine | Nishiusuki District, Miyazaki Takachiho, Miyazaki | Kokushi genzaisha (国史) | |
Amanoiwato Shrine | Takachiho Town, Nishiusuki District | | |
| Iki, Nagasaki | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Iki Province Ichinomiya, not a Beppyo shrine |
Araki Shrine | Okinoshima, Shimane | | Sōja shrine, not a Beppyo shrine |
| Kyōtango, Kyoto Prefecture | | not a Beppyo shrine |
Ichinomiya Sengen Shrine | Ichikawamisato, Nishiyatsushiro District in Yamanashi Prefecture | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Kai Province Ichinomiya, not a Beppyo shrine |
Kamochi Shrine | Hino, Tottori Prefecture | | not a Beppyo shrine |
Nagakusa Tenjin Shrine | Aichi Prefecture, Obu City | | not a Beppyo shrine |
Togakushi Shrine | | | not a Beppyo shrine |
| Oki-gun, Shimane | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Oki Province Ichinomiya, not a Beppyo shrine |
| | | Iki Province Sōja shrine | |
Hokora or Ungraded shrines
Small local shrines known as are ranked beneath the village shrines, in accordance with the District Shrine Law of 4 July 1871.[4] At a later date, shrines beneath the rank of "Village shrines" were classed as "Ungraded shrines" or .[4]
Statistics
New shrines were established and existing shrines promoted to higher ranks at various dates, but a 1903 snapshot of the 193,297 shrines in existence at that time saw the following:[4]
- Kan-sha
- Imperial shrines: 95
- National shrines: 75
- "Min-sha"
- Metropolitan and prefectural shrines: 571
- District shrines: 3,476
- Village shrines: 52,133
- Ungraded shrines: 136,947
See also
Sources
Notes and References
- Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics, Kokugakuin University: Glossary of Shinto Names and Terms, Kampei Taisha.
- Book: Holtom, D.C. . The National Faith Of Japan. A Study in Modern Shinto. First published 1965 . 2012-11-12. Routledge. 9781136165573. 12. en.
- Book: Bocking, Brian. A Popular Dictionary of Shinto. 1997. Curzon Press. 9780700710515. 120. en.
- The Establishment of Shrine Shinto in Meiji Japan . Fridell, Wilbur M . . 2 . 2–3 . 1975 . . 137–168 . 10.18874/jjrs.2.2-3.1975.137-168 . free .
- [Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard]
- Chiba prefectural government: Chiba, Katori Shrine
- http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/images/uploads/EOS070712Ab.pdf "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya,"
- National Diet Library (NDL): Kanpei Taisha Kasuga Jinja
- Nara National Museum: No. 31, Map of the Precincts of Kanpei Taisha Isonokami Shrine
- Ponsonby-Fane. Imperial, p. 126.
- http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/images/uploads/EOS070712Ab.pdf "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya,"
- Sawada, Janine Anderson. (2004). Practical pursuits: religion, politics, and personal cultivation in nineteenth-century Japan, p. 312 n15.
- Breen, John et al. (2000). Shinto in History: ways of the Kami, p. 276.
- Encyclopedia of Shinto: Atsuta Shinkō
- Bernstein, Andrew. "Whose Fuji?: Religion, Region, and State in the Fight for a National Symbol," Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 63, No. 1, Spring 2008, pp. 51-99; Ponsonby-Fane, (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 125.
- Asama Shrine: Fujinomiya, Shizuoka = Ōmiya in Suruga province
- http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/images/uploads/EOS070712Ab.pdf "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya,"
- Ponsonby-Fane, (1963). The Vicissitudes of Shinto, p. 328.
- http://nippon-kichi.jp/article_list.do;jsessionid=FC887DADAAEBA72810A17BDBE48CA719?kwd=2248&ml_lang=en 北海道神宮 ... Hokkaido Jingu Shrine at Nippon-Kichi.jp
- Takebe Taisha: Ōtsu, Shiga = Seta in Ōmi province
- NDL: Kanpei Taisha Yoshino Jingu
- Michio . Nakajima . 2010 . Shinto Deities that Crossed the Sea: Japan's "Overseas Shrines," 1868 to 1945 . Japanese Journal of Religious Studies . 37 . 1 . 21–46 . 0304-1042.
- [Mark Peattie|Peattie]
- Peattie, p. 339 n61.
- Ponsonby-Fane. Imperial, p. 125.
- Umenomiya Shrine: Ukyō-ku, Kyoto = Umetsu in Yamashiro province
- Web site: Japanese Shrines. 2023-04-10. www.taleofgenji.org.
- Iinoya-gū:Hamana-ku, Hamamatsu = Iya in Tōtōmi province.
- Itakeso Shrine: Wakayama, Wakayama = Nishiyama Higashimura in Kii province; n.b., = Kishū (紀州)
- Kamakura-gū: Kamakura, Kanagawa = Kamakura in Sagami province
- Ponsonby-Fane. Imperial, p. 127.
- Kanegazaki Shrine: Tsuruga, Fukui = Tsuruga in Echizen province
- Kumano Nachi Taisha: Nachikatsuura, Wakayama = Nachi in Kii province; n.b., = Kishū (紀州), was a province of Honshū in Wakayama Prefecture and Mie Prefecture.
- Mikami Shrine: Yasu, Shiga = Mikamimura in Ōmi province
- Nagata Shrine: Nagata-ku, Kobe = Kobe in Settsu province.
- Ponsonby-Fane. Imperial, p. 126; n.b., raised to kanpei-taisha in 1940
- Sumiyoshi Shrine: Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi = Katsuyama in Nagato province
- Yatsushiro Shrine: Yatsushiro, Kumamoto = Yatsushiro in Higo province
- Kamado Shrine: Dazaifu, Fukuoka = Fukuoka in Chikuzen province
- Naminoe Shrine: Naha, Okinawa = Wakasa on Okinawa Island in the Ryukyu Kingdom
- [George H. Kerr|Kerr, George H.]
- Ōkunitama jinja at Fuchū, Tokyo = Fuchū in Musashi province
- Shigaumi Shrine: Higashi-ku, Fukuoka = Fukuoka, Chikuzen province
- Sumiyoshi Shrine: Hakata-ku, Fukuoka = Fukuoka in Chikuzen province
- Web site: Modern Shrine Ranking System . Encyclopedia of Shinto . . 29 September 2019.
- TAKAYAMA . K. PETER . 1990 . Enshrinement and Persistency of Japanese Religion . Journal of Church and State . 32 . 3 . 527–547 . 0021-969X.
- Book: Shimizu, Karli . Overseas Shinto Shrines: Religion, Secularity and the Japanese Empire . Rambelli . Fabio . 2022-10-06 . Bloomsbury Academic . 978-1-350-23498-7 . London New York (N.Y.) Oxford . English.