Kano State Explained

Official Name:Kano State
Flag Alt:Flag of Kano State
Seal Alt:Seal of the Governor of Kano State
Nickname:Centre of Commerce, Tumbin Giwa
Coordinates:11.5°N 38°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: Nigeria
Established Title:Date created
Established Date:27 May 1967
Seat Type:Capital
Seat:Kano
Governing Body:Government of Kano State
Leader Title:Governor[1]
Leader Party:NNPP
Leader Name:Abba Kabir Yusuf
Leader Name1:Aminu Abdussalam Gwarzo (NNPP)
Leader Title2:Legislature
Leader Name2:Kano State House of Assembly
Leader Title3:Senators
Leader Name3:

Leader Title4:Representatives
Leader Name4:List
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Total Km2:20131
Area Rank:20th of 36
Population Total:9,401,288
Population As Of:2006 census
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Est:15,462,200[2]
Pop Est As Of:2022
Population Rank:1st of 36
Demographics Type1:GDP (PPP)
Demographics1 Title1:Year
Timezone1:WAT
Utc Offset1:+01
Postal Code Type:postal code
Postal Code:700001
Iso Code:NG-KN
Blank Name Sec1:HDI (2021)
Blank Info Sec1:0.481[3]
· 29th of 37
Footnotes: Preliminary results
Type:State
Demographics1 Info1:2021
Demographics1 Title2:Total
Demographics1 Info2:$27.17 billion[4]
13th of 36
Demographics1 Title3:Per capita
Demographics1 Info3:$1,761
36th of 36
Native Name:Jihar Kano جِهَرْ كَنُوْ (Hausa)
Native Name Lang:Hausa

Kano State (Hausa: Hausa: Jihar Kano Hausa: جِهَرْ كَنُوَ; Fulah: |translit=Leydi Kano) is one of the 36 states of Nigeria, located in the northern region of the country.[5] According to the national census done in 2006, Kano State is the most populous state in Nigeria. The recent official estimates taken in 2016 by the National Bureau of Statistics found that Kano State was still the largest state by population in Nigeria.[6] [7] Created in 1967 out of the former Northern Region, Kano State borders on Katsina State to the northwest for about 210 km (130 miles), Jigawa State to the northeast for 355 km (221 miles), Bauchi State to the southeast for 131 km (82 miles), and Kaduna State to the southwest for 255 km. The state's capital and largest city is the city of Kano, the second most populous city in Nigeria after Lagos. The incumbent governor of the state is Abba Kabir Yusuf. He was sworn in on 29 May 2023.[8]

Modern day Kano State was the site of a number of prior kingdoms and empires, including the Kingdom of Kano, which was centered in Dala Hill (Dutsen Dala) and existed from prior to 1000 AD to 1349.[9] In 1349, the Sultanate of Kano was established with Yaji I as its first Sultan.[10] In the 15th century, Kurmi Market was opened, which helped Kano become a center of commercial activity in Hausaland;[11] the market remains open in the 21st century and its historic importance is reflected in the state's nickname, the Centre of Commerce.[12] During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Sultanate of Kano established itself as the most powerful of the Hausa Kingdoms.[13] In 1903, the British Empire conquered the Kano Emirate, incorporating it region into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.[14] The major ethnic groups in pre-colonial Kano City were the Hausa, Fulani, Barebari (Kanuri), Tuareg, Arab, Nupe and some tribes from the southern Nigeria. Most of the people in Kano city have come to use the Hausa language as a first language and some have accepted Hausa as an ethnic identification.[15]

Since independence, Kano State has developed a diverse economy, establishing itself as a center for industry, agriculture, and Islamic banking. The Hausa and Fulani make up the majority of Kano State's population. The Hausa language is the dominant language in the state, as it is in most of Northern Nigeria.[16] [17] Challenges faced by Kano State in the 21st century include attacks by the Islamist terrorist group Boko Haram,[18] [19] [20] inter-religious violence,[21] [22] and extreme poverty.[23] A Muslim-majority state, Kano State is one of the twelve states in Nigeria to operate under Sharia law within the legal framework of the Nigerian Constitution.[24]

History

An important early center of commerce in the region was Kurmi Market, founded by the Habe Emir of Kano Muhammadu Rumfa in 1463 CE.[25] Subsequent leaders made contributions to the emergence of Kano as a leading commercial centre in Sudanic Africa.[26] During the time of the Kano Emirate, Emir Ibrahim Dabo made a number of administrative reforms, seeking to increase commerce in the region.[27]

Leaders during this time encouraged traders to move from Katsina, capitalising on raids from the Hausa Sultanate of Maradi. The Jihad leaders of the Caliphate encouraged the Kola nut trade, and Kano was the greatest beneficiary with an annual turnover of about $30 million. Craft industries also evolved in the pre-colonial period contributing to the prosperity of the province.

After a British occupation of the region, culminating in the Battle of Kano in February 1903, the region became a part of the Northern Nigeria Protectorate.[28] Kano later became a part of the Northern Region of Nigeria. Kano state was created on 27 May 1967. In 1991, part of Kano State was separated to form Jigawa State.

Geography

Climate

The climate of Kano state is characterised by variability in rainfall between the 70s and 80s, with drought and near drought conditions. Between the 90s and the year 2015, the moisture conditions have improved considerably but for fluctuations in rainfall in the state.[29] However, since 2015 till date, there has been an increase in rainfall in the state, which has helped increase agricultural production in this northern Nigerian state considerably.[30] Based on the report of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), the amount of rainfall varies between years with a mean value of 897.7mm.[31]

In the first quarter of 2022, the Nigerian Meteorological Agency sounded an early warning of floods in some states, including Kano state. The agency asserted that their warning was based on the amount and distribution of rainfall that had been observed in the nation during the rainy season. According to the Kano State Emergency Management Agency (SEMA), 25 local government districts experienced flooding as a result of the extreme rain's aftermath.[32]

Temperature

The temperature of Kano has been on the rise since the 60s and this is highly remarkable.[33] The annual temperature of the state is between 26°C to 30°C of dumal temperature, which is high, and measurable between the range of 13.1%, with the relative humidity of between 17% and 90% respectively.[34] [35]

Economy

Many large markets exist within Kano today, such as Kurmi Market, Kantin Kwari Market,[36] Sabon Gari Market, Dawanau Market [37] Kofar Wanbai Market, Galadima Market, Yankura Market and Bata Market. Many of these markets specialize in a certain product, such as textiles or grain.

Agriculture

Subsistence and commercial agriculture is mostly practised in the outlying districts of the state. Some of the food crops cultivated are millet, cowpeas, sorghum, maize and rice for local consumption while groundnuts and cotton are produced for export and industrial purposes. During the colonial period and several years after the country's independence, the groundnuts produced in the state constituted one of the major sources revenue of the country. Kano State is a major producer of hides and skins, sesame, soybean, cotton, garlic, gum arabic and chili pepper.[38]

A 2018 study of Tudun Wada found that both temperature and rainfall were likely to increase with climate change, causing increased stress on crops, and would require increased climate change adaptation for agricultural practices.[39]

Industry

Kano State is the second-largest industrial Centre after Lagos State in Nigeria and the largest in Northern Nigeria with textile, tanning, footwear, cosmetics, plastics, enamelware, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, furniture and other industries.[40] Others include agricultural implements, soft drinks, food and beverages, dairy products, vegetable oil, animal feeds etc.[41] Kano is also the center of a growing Islamic banking industry in Nigeria.[42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47]

Tourism

The tourist attractions in the state include:

Natural resources

Kano State has different natural resources[53] in abundant, these include

Mineral raw materials

Agro raw materials

Transport

Federal Highways

Other major roads

Railways

Kano is on the 1067 mm Cape Gauge Western Railway Line from Lagos via Kaduna to Jigawa State (rehabilitated 2013), with a new double track standard gauge line under construction. Rail transport in Nigeria

Airports

Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport (1936), HQ of Kabo Air, Azman Airlines and Max Air.[54] [55]

Education

See also: List of tertiary institutions in Kano State. [56]

Secondary Schools

Universities

Kano State is home to five universities: one federal university, one regimented federal university, two states universities, and one private university.

Polytechnics and Colleges

The following is a list of the approved Polytechnics and Colleges in the state of Kano:

Local government areas

See also: List of villages in Kano State.

Kano State consists of forty-four (44) Local Government Areas (LGAs).

LGA NameArea (km2)Census 2006
population		Administrative capitalPostal
Code
Fagge21200,095Waje700
Dala19418,759Gwanmaja700
Gwale18357,827Gwale700
Kano Municipal17371,243Kofar Kudu700
Tarauni28221,844Unguwa Uku700
Nassarawa34596,411Bompai700
Kumbotso158294,391Kumbotso700
Ungogo204365,737Ungogo700
Kano Metropolitan Area4992,828,861700
Dawakin Tofa479246,197Dawakin Tofa701
Tofa20298,603Tofa701
Rimin Gado225103,371Rimin Gado701
Bagwai405161,533Bagwai701
Gezawa340282,328Gezawa702
Gabasawa605211,204Zakirai702
Minjibir416219,611Minjibir702
Dambatta732210,474Dambatta702
Makoda441220,094Makoda702
Kunchi671110,170Kunchi703
Bichi612278,309Bichi703
Tsanyawa492157,730Tsanyawa703
Shanono697139,128Shanono704
Gwarzo393183,624Gwarzo704
Karaye479144,045Karaye704
Rogo802227,607Rogo704
Kabo341153,158Kabo704
Northern Kano State8,3323,143,899701 to 704
Bunkure487174,467Bunkure710
Kibiya404138,618Kibiya710
Rano520148,276Rano710
Tudun Wada1,204228,658Tudun Wada710
Doguwa1,473150,645Riruwai710
Madobi273137,685Madobi711
Kura206143,094Kura711
Garun Mallam214118,622Garun Mallam711
Bebeji717191,916Bebeji711
Kiru927267,168Kiru711
Sumaila1,250250,379Sumaila712
Garko450161,966Garko712
Takai598202,639Takai712
Albasu398187,639Albasu712
Gaya613207,419Gaya713
Ajingi714172,610Ajingi713
Wudil362188,639Wudil713
Warawa360131,858Warawa713
Dawakin Kudu384225,497Dawakin Kudu713
Southern Kano State11,5543,410,922710 to 713

Demographics

Population

According to the 2006 PON census figures from Nigeria Kano State had a population totaling 9,401,288. Based on the official data by the National Bureau of Statistics,[62] Kano State is the most populous state in the country followed by Lagos State.[63] The state is mostly populated by the Hausa and Fulani people.[64]

Languages

The official language of Kano State are Hausa and Fulfulde.[65]

The Kainji languages Moro, Kurama and Map are also spoken in Doguwa LGA.

Notable people

Politics

The state government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with the state house of assembly. The capital city of the state is Kano.[76]

Electoral system

The governor of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.[76]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. See List of governors of Kano State for a list of prior governors
  2. Web site: Kano State: Subdivision . 7 February 2024 . www.citypopulation.de.
  3. Web site: Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab. hdi.globaldatalab.org. en. 13 September 2018. 23 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/. live.
  4. Web site: 13 October 2022 . Okeowo . Gabriel . Fatoba . Iyanuoluwa . State of States 2022 Edition . 7 March 2023 . Budgit.org . BudgIT . 13 October 2022.
  5. Web site: 30 December 2017. About Kano. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200519161413/https://kanostate.gov.ng/about. 19 May 2020. 19 May 2020. Kano State.
  6. Web site: 19 May 2011. 2006 Census. live. 14 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20110519235026/http://www.population.gov.ng/files/nationafinal.pdf. 19 May 2011.
  7. Web site: Nigeria Statistics. live. 14 March 2021. 22 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210822174326/https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/download/775.
  8. Web site: Kano/Katsina: Ganduje, Masari, Gaidam sworn-in – P.M. News. 4 February 2022. en-US. 4 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220204193039/https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/05/29/kanokatsina-ganduje-masari-gaidam-sworn-in/. live.
  9. Web site: 1 May 2010. Kano State Government. 14 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20100501081940/http://www.kanostate.net/profile.html. 1 May 2010.
  10. Web site: Hausa. live. 14 March 2021. 22 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220222150248/http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/85672/1/A569.pdf.
  11. Web site: Kurmi: Kano's 600-year-old slave market now sanctuary for artifacts - Daily Trust . 23 October 2023 . dailytrust.com. 19 October 2015 .
  12. News: Ujorha. Tadaferua. 9 May 2003. Kano's 500-year-old market. Daily Trust. Biafra Nigeria World. 1 November 2007. 7 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210807174640/http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2003/apr/09/0301.html. live.
  13. Web site: Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria – History. 14 March 2021. www.nigeriaembassyusa.org. 2 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210302153600/http://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/index.php?page=test-sub. dead.
  14. Web site: The Fall of Kano History Today. live. 14 March 2021. 7 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211007200825/https://www.historytoday.com/archive/fall-kano.
  15. Book: Paden. Religion and Political Culture in Kano. 0-520-01738-2.
  16. Web site: Hausa Language Variation and Dialects. 14 March 2021. African Languages at UCLA. en-US. 4 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201204042149/http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/hausa/hausa-language-variation-dialects/. live.
  17. Web site: Adoti. Olive. 30 July 2020. 10 Top languages spoken in Nigeria (plus the states). 14 March 2021. Legit.ng – Nigeria news.. en. 23 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210423024933/https://www.legit.ng/1119300-list-languages-nigeria-states.html. live.
  18. News: Nossiter. Adam. 19 March 2013. Bombs Strike Bus Station in Nigeria (Published 2013). en-US. The New York Times. 14 March 2021. 0362-4331. 18 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210318210130/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/19/world/africa/suicide-bombers-strike-bus-depot-in-nigeria.html. live.
  19. News: Nigeria suicide bombers target Potiskum and Kano buses. BBC News . 24 February 2015. 29 August 2021. 29 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210829034221/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31604853. live.
  20. News: BBC News – Nigeria unrest: Kano mosque attack kills dozens. 29 November 2014. BBC News. 28 November 2014. 29 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129010151/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30250950. live.
  21. http://www.voanews.com/content/a-13-a-2001-10-16-32-obasanjo-67542777/286046.html Obasanjo Assesses Riot Damage in Kano – 2001-10-16
  22. News: 20 May 2004. Kano: Nigeria's ancient city-state. BBC online. BBC. 12 July 2007. 18 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140518190305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3708309.stm. live.
  23. Web site: Geographies of poverty in Kano State: The role of GIS in identifying and mapping multidimensionally deprived households. 14 March 2021. ResearchGate. en. 22 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220222150308/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308026200_Geographies_of_poverty_in_Kano_State_The_role_of_GIS_in_identifying_and_mapping_multidimensionally_deprived_households. live.
  24. News: 10 August 2020. Nigerian singer sentenced to death for blasphemy in Kano state. en-GB. BBC News. 14 March 2021. 9 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210509064958/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53726256. live.
  25. Web site: Kano Markets. 6 June 2018. Kano State. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200519163611/http://kanostate.gov.ng/markets. 19 May 2020. 19 May 2020.
  26. Web site: Kurmi Market Kano State :: Nigeria Information & Guide . 23 October 2023 . www.nigeriagalleria.com.
  27. Book: Miers. Suzanne. Slavery and Colonial Rule in Africa. Klein. Martin A.. 1999. Psychology Press. 978-0-7146-4884-2. en. 19 May 2020. 4 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200804003314/https://books.google.com/books?id=DLD6Z9SUxk4C&pg=PA169. live.
  28. News: 19 May 1903. CAPTURE OF KANO.. 6. West Gippsland Gazette (Warragul, Vic. : 1898 – 1930). 19 May 2020. 13 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191213211015/http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68724440. live.
  29. Book: Buba, L. F. . Spatio-temporal rainfall and temperature variation in northern Nigeria. . A Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the Geography Department, Bayero University, Kano . 2010.
  30. Book: Badamasi, M.M. . Vegetation and Forestry in Tank, A.I. & Morale, S.B. (Eds.) Kano Government, Society and Development. . Adonis and Abbey Publishers . 2014 . London & Abuja.
  31. Web site: Kano my state . 4 October 2023 . www.kanodashboard.ng.
  32. Web site: Maishanu . Abubakar Ahmadu . 8 November 2022 . SPECIAL REPORT: Traders count losses as floods submerge West Africa's largest textile market in Kano . 10 November 2022 . Premium Times Nigeria . en-GB.
  33. Book: Badamosi, M.M. . Vegetation and Forestry in Tank A.I., Momale, S.B. (eds.) Kano Government, Society and Development. London & Abuja: Adonis and Abbey Publishers. . 2014.
  34. Book: Kowal & Knabe, J.M. & D.T. . An agroclimatological atlas of northern states of Nigeria with explanatory notes . ABU Press . 1972 . Zaria.
  35. Book: Olofin, E.A. . Some aspects of the physical geographies of the Kano region and related human responses: Departmental lecture notes. . Denis Standaerd Printers . 1987 . Kano, Nigeria.
  36. Web site: Kantin Kwari market Archives . 30 December 2022 . The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News . en-US.
  37. Web site: Dawanau:46-Yr-Old Kano Market That Determines Cost Of Grains In Nigeria. 12 September 2023 . The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News . 7 November 2018 . en-US.
  38. Web site: 24 August 2017 . Ease of Doing Business: Kano State Govt. woos investors with land . 21 October 2023 . Businessday NG . en-US.
  39. Garba. J.I.. 2018. AWARENESS AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TUDUN WADA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KANO STATE. Zaria Geographer. 25. 1. 63–75. 2782-7739.
  40. Web site: Kano Metropolis . https://web.archive.org/web/20220222150243/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Kano-Metropolis-Kano-metropolis-is-the-second-largest-industrial-and-commercial-centre-in_fig6_308576260#:~:text=Murtala%20Uba%20Mohammed-,Kano%20Metropolis%20Kano%20metropolis%20is%20the%20second%20largest%20industrial%20and,1.6million%20(Maiwada%202000) . 22 February 2022. 27 August 2023 . .
  41. Web site: Archived copy . 21 February 2021 . 9 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210909122040/https://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/307D3402769F396280256B67005B6C56/$file/dp77.pdf . live .
  42. Web site: Islamic Finance Nigeria . SukFin . en-US . 7 May 2020 . 30 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200930174251/https://www.sukfin.com/knowledge/islamic-finance/ . live .
  43. Web site: Nigeria: cities with the largest population 2020 . 21 February 2021 . Statista . en . 21 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210221052422/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1121444/largest-cities-in-nigeria/ . live .
  44. Web site: COLLAPSE OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA. 27 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20210924120020/http://kubanni.abu.edu.ng/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12023/1/COLLAPSE%20OF%20TEXTILE%20INDUSTRY%20IN%20NIGERIA%20A%20STUDY%20OF%20KANO.pdf. 24 September 2021. dead. Yusuf. Kasim Madugu.
  45. Web site: Nigeria biannual economic update: connecting to compete . en . . 22 February 2022 . 4 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210504000033/http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/769551524576691390/pdf/WP-NigeriaBiannualEconomicUpdateAprilFinalVersion-PUBLIC.pdf . live .
  46. Web site: Kano. 21 February 2021. BBC News. en-GB. 9 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210509175520/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/cvl786np8j6t/kano. live.
  47. News: Why is business suffering in Kano?. en-GB. BBC News. 21 February 2021. 22 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220222150326/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/business-25780815. live.
  48. Web site: Kurmi market - Daily Trust - Latest News in Nigeria and the World . 30 December 2022 . Daily Trust . en-GB.
  49. Web site: Google Travel . 30 December 2022 . www.google.com.ng.
  50. Web site: 27 November 2020 . Kano Zoo: Shortage of animals, unkept environment bother visitors . 30 December 2022 . Daily Trust . en-GB.
  51. Web site: Webmaster . 23 December 2012 . Gidan Makama: The Story of Kano's Famous Museum . 30 December 2022 . Daily Trust . en-GB.
  52. Web site: Goron Dutse Hill hill, Nigeria Britannica . 30 December 2022 . www.britannica.com . en.
  53. Web site: Natural Resources – Welcome To The Embassy of Nigeria. 4 February 2022. en-US. 26 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220126051320/https://nigerianembassythehague.nl/about-nigeria/natural-resources/. live.
  54. Web site: Malam Aminu Kano International Airport (MAKIA) - Daily Trust . 23 October 2023 . dailytrust.com.
  55. Web site: Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport News Latest news about Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport today, 23 October 2023 . 23 October 2023 . Naija News . en-GB.
  56. Web site: Kano State second largest industrial – Google Search. 21 February 2021. www.google.com.
  57. Web site: HISTORY OF DAWAKIN TOFA SCIENCE COLLEGE KANO STATE. datsosa2000.weebly.com. 14 September 2021. 22 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220222150332/http://datsosa2000.weebly.com/alma-mater/history-of-dawakin-tofa-science-college-kano-state1. live.
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