| Kanev uezd | |
| Native Name: | Каневский уезд |
| Native Name Lang: | ru |
| Settlement Type: | Uezd |
| Mapsize: | 225px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Russian Empire |
| Subdivision Type1: | Krai |
| Subdivision Name1: | Southwestern |
| Subdivision Type2: | Governorate |
| Subdivision Name2: | Kiev |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Established Date: | 1796 |
| Extinct Title: | Abolished |
| Extinct Date: | 1923 |
| Seat Type: | Capital |
| Seat: | Kanev |
| Area Total Km2: | 3259.75 |
| Population As Of: | 1897 |
| Population Total: | 268,860 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
The Kanev uezd (Russian: Каневский уезд; Ukrainian: Канівський повіт|Kanivs'kyi povit) was one of the subdivisions of the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kanev (Kaniv).
At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Kanevsky Uyezd had a population of 268,860. Of these, 88.7% spoke Ukrainian, 9.7% Yiddish, 1.0% Russian and 0.5% Polish as their native language.[1]