| Southeastern Katë | |
| States: | Afghanistan |
| Region: | Nuristan, Kunar |
| Speakers: | 20,000 |
| Date: | 2011 |
| Ref: | e18 |
| Familycolor: | Indo-European |
| Fam2: | Indo-Iranian |
| Fam3: | Nuristani |
| Fam4: | Katë |
| Script: | Arabic script |
| Iso3: | bsh |
| Glotto: | kati1270 |
| Glottorefname: | Kati |
Southeastern Katë is a dialect of the Katë language spoken by the Kom and Kata in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. It also includes the so-called Kamviri and Mumviri (spoken in Mangul, Sasku and Gabalgrom in the Bashgal Valley) dialects.
According to Halfmann (2024), the primary innovations of the Southeastern dialect include secondary vowel length from monophthongization of vowel + v, a progressive suffix -n-, intervocalic consonant lenition (usually sibilants and velars), post-nasal voicing, and merger of Proto-Nuristani pre-tonic *a and *ā as a.
The inventory as described by Richard Strand.[1] In addition, there is stress.
The neutral articulatory posture, as in the reduced vowel pronounced as //a//, consists of the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth and a raised tongue root is linked with a raised larynx, producing a characteristic pitch for unstressed vowels of about an octave above the pitch of a relaxed larynx.
| Labial | Dental/ Alveolar | Retroflex | Post- Alveolar | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
| voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | (pronounced as /link/) | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | (pronounced as /link/) |
| voiced | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | |
| Nasal | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||
| Tap | pronounced as /link/ | (pronounced as /link/) | ||||
| Approximant | lateral | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
| central | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ | ||||
One suffix pronounced as //ti// voices to pronounced as /[di]/ for most speakers.
pronounced as /[ʈɭ, ɖɭ]/ are phonetic affricates.
Nasals voice a following obstruent.
Laminal consonants change a following pronounced as //a// from pronounced as /[ɨ]/ to pronounced as /[i]/.
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | pronounced as /link/ pronounced as /link/ | (pronounced as /link/ (a)) | pronounced as /link/ | |
| Mid | pronounced as /link/ | pronounced as /link/ (a) | pronounced as /link/ | |
| Low | pronounced as /link/ (â) | (pronounced as /link/) |
(a) is pronounced as /[ː]/ after another vowel, pronounced as /[i]/ after a laminal consonant and after pronounced as //ik, ek, iɡ, eɡ//. For some speakers, it is pronounced as /[u]/ after pronounced as //uk, yk, uɡ, yɡ//. Otherwise it is pronounced as /[ə]/ or pronounced as /[ɨ]/.
| Person | Direct | Genitive | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | sg. | õ, õċ | yĩ | yī̃ |
| pl. | yimó | yimṓ | ||
| 2nd | sg. | tü | tu | tū |
| pl. | šo | šō | ||