| Kamed Al Lawz/Kamid el-Loz | |
| Native Name: | كامد اللوز |
| Native Name Lang: | ara |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Map showing the location of Kamed Al Lawz within Lebanon |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location within Lebanon |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  |
| Subdivision Type1: | Governorate |
| Subdivision Name1: | Beqaa Governorate |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name2: | Western Beqaa District |
| Population Total: | 6000 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone1: | EET |
| Utc Offset1: | +2 |
| Timezone1 Dst: | EEST |
| Utc Offset1 Dst: | +3 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Area Code Type: | Dialing code |
| Area Code: | +961 |
| Kamid el-Loz | |
| Alternate Name: | Kamid al lawz |
| Map Type: | Lebanon |
| Map Size: | 220 |
| Location: | Beqaa Valley, Lebanon |
| Coordinates: | 33.6183°N 35.8186°W |
| Type: | Tell |
| Part Of: | Settlement |
| Epochs: | Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Byzantine |
| Cultures: | Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Phoenician |
| Condition: | ruins |
| Public Access: | Yes |
Kamid el-Loz, also spelled Kamid al-Lawz, is located in West Bekaa, Lebanon. The settlement has a population numbering several thousand, mostly Sunni, people[1] and is also a site of archaeological excavations.
In 1838, Eli Smith noted Kamid el-Lauz as a Sunni Muslim village in the Beqaa Valley.[2] The ancient name of the site is thought to be Kumidi.[3]
Kamid el-Loz was the site of major German archaeological excavations between 1963 and 1981. One of the most important sites in Lebanon where archaeologists found and recorded many spectacular buildings, which are very important to the history of the region. Paleolithic material was found alongside Heavy Neolithic on through to the late Neolithic period, becoming a human settlement during the Bronze Age and continuing until the Byzantine era, a German team from the University of Freiburg has conducted more recent excavations and studies.[4]
Numerous urban structures such as defense systems, temples, palaces, private dwellings, workshops and cemeteries were uncovered. Archaeologists also found everyday objects such as pottery, as well as jewelry and other luxury items.
Probably the most important finds were documents written in cuneiform script on clay tablets dated to the 14th century BC.[5] The village of Kamed el-Loz lies on top of settlements built in the Achaemenid, Hellenistic and Roman periods. The site has been determined to be the city of Kumidi in the Amarna letters.[6] [7] It was used as a residence to Egyptian officials to oversee the southern Levantine kings for the pharaoh.
South of the village we find a necropolis or burial place that also dates to this era. Just outside Kamed El-Loz is a large Umayyad quarry visible from the road. Rock-cut tombs can be seen here, as well as Aramaic inscriptions. The quarry provided stones for the eighth-century city of Anjar and was worked by Eastern Christians from Iraq who were brought to the Beqaa for this purpose.
The archaeological site of Kamid Loz I is located 2km (01miles) north-east of the village of Kamid el-Loz and 4.5km (02.8miles) north-northeast of Joub Jannine. The site showed a direct transition from Paleolithic material which was mixed with flints from an aceramic, vigorous culture, little recorded in the archaeological record called the Qaraoun culture inhabiting the area at the start of the Neolithic Revolution. Heavy Neolithic flints from this culture collected here included scrapers, picks and axes along with a large amount of debris.[8] [9]