Kamala Harris Explained

Office:49th Vice President of the United States
President:Joe Biden
Term Start:January 20, 2021
Predecessor:Mike Pence
Jr/Sr1:United States Senator
State1:California
Term Start1:January 3, 2017
Term End1:January 18, 2021
Predecessor1:Barbara Boxer
Successor1:Alex Padilla
Office2:32nd Attorney General of California
Governor2:Jerry Brown
Term Start2:January 3, 2011
Term End2:January 3, 2017
Predecessor2:Jerry Brown
Successor2:Xavier Becerra
Office3:27th District Attorney of San Francisco
Term Start3:January 8, 2004
Term End3:January 3, 2011
Predecessor3:Terence Hallinan
Successor3:George Gascón
Birth Name:Kamala Devi Harris
Birth Date:20 October 1964
Birth Place:Oakland, California, U.S.
Party:Democratic
Relatives:Harris family
Residence:Number One Observatory Circle
Education:
Signature:Kamala Harris Signature.svg
Signature Alt:Cursive signature in ink

Kamala Devi Harris (;[1] born October 20, 1964) is an American politician and attorney who is the 49th and current vice president of the United States since 2021 under President Joe Biden. She is the first female vice president, making her the highest-ranking female official in U.S. history, as well as the first African American and first Asian American vice president.[2] [3] A member of the Democratic Party, she served as a U.S. senator from California from 2017 to 2021, and earlier as the attorney general of California. Harris is the Democratic Party's presidential nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election.[4] [5]

Born in Oakland, California, Harris graduated from Howard University and the University of California College of the Law, San Francisco. She began her law career in the office of the district attorney (DA) of Alameda County, before being recruited to the San Francisco DA's Office and later the city attorney of San Francisco's office. In 2003, she was elected DA of San Francisco. She was elected attorney general of California in 2010 and reelected in 2014. Harris served as the junior U.S. senator from California from 2017 to 2021. She defeated Loretta Sanchez in the 2016 Senate election to become the second Black woman and the first South Asian American to serve in the U.S. Senate.[6] [7]

As a senator, Harris advocated for stricter gun control laws, the DREAM Act, federal legalization of cannabis, and healthcare and taxation reforms.[8] [9] She gained a national profile for her pointed questioning of Trump administration officials during Senate hearings, including Trump's second Supreme Court nominee, Brett Kavanaugh.[10]

Harris sought the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination in 2019, but withdrew from the race before the primaries. Biden selected her as his running mate, and their ticket defeated the incumbent president and vice president, Donald Trump and Mike Pence, in the 2020 election. Harris and Biden were inaugurated on January 20, 2021. Presiding over an evenly split Senate upon entering office, Harris played a crucial role as president of the Senate with her power to cast tie-breaking votes, helping pass bills such as the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 stimulus package and the Inflation Reduction Act. After Biden withdrew from the 2024 presidential election, Harris launched her own presidential campaign with Biden's endorsement.[11] She chose Minnesota Governor Tim Walz as her running mate.[12]

Early life and career

Early life and education

Kamala Devi Harris was born in Oakland, California,[13] on October 20, 1964. Her mother, Shyamala Gopalan, was a biologist who arrived in the United States from India in 1958 to enroll in graduate school in endocrinology at the University of California, Berkeley. A research career of over 40 years followed, during which her work on the progesterone receptor gene led to advances in breast cancer research.[14] Harris's father, Donald J. Harris,[15] arrived in the U.S. from Jamaica in 1961, also enrolling in UC-Berkeley and specializing in development economics. The first Black scholar to be granted tenure at the Department of Economics in Stanford University, he now has emeritus status there.[16] Kamala Harris's parents met in 1962 and married in 1963.

The Harris family then lived in several college towns in the Upper Midwest: Urbana, Illinois, where a sister, Maya was born in 1966; Evanston, Illinois; and Madison, Wisconsin, the parents holding teaching or research positions.[17] [18] [19] By 1970, the marriage had faltered, and Shyamala moved back to California with her two daughters;[20] [21] the couple divorced when Kamala was seven. A support group of friends of Shyamala, among them African-American intellectuals and rights activists in Oakland and Berkeley, influenced the Harris girls critically.[19] Five years later, Shyamala accepted a research position at the McGill University School of Medicine, and moved with her daughters to Montreal, Quebec.[22] [23] Harris graduated from Westmount High School in 1981.[24]

Harris attended Vanier College in Montreal in 1981 - 82,[25] and then attended Howard University, a historically black university in Washington, D.C.[26] [27] She graduated in 1986 with a degree in political science and economics.[28] Harris then attended the University of California, Hastings College of the Law,[29] where she served as president of its chapter of the Black Law Students Association.[30] She graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1989.[31]

Early career

In 1990, Harris was hired as a deputy district attorney in Alameda County, California, where she was described as "an able prosecutor on the way up". In 1994, Speaker of the California Assembly Willie Brown, who was then dating Harris, appointed her to the state Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board and later to the California Medical Assistance Commission.[32] In February 1998, San Francisco District Attorney Terence Hallinan recruited Harris as an assistant district attorney.[33] There, she became the chief of the Career Criminal Division, supervising five other attorneys, where she prosecuted homicide, burglary, robbery, and sexual assault cases—particularly three-strikes cases. In August 2000, Harris took a job at San Francisco City Hall, working for city attorney Louise Renne.[34] Harris ran the Family and Children's Services Division, representing child abuse and neglect cases. Renne endorsed Harris during her D.A. campaign.[35]

In 2002, Harris ran for District Attorney of San Francisco,[36] running a "forceful" campaign[37] [38] and differentiating herself from Hallinan by attacking his performance.[39] Harris won the election with 56% of the vote, becoming the first person of color elected district attorney of San Francisco.[40] She ran unopposed for a second term in 2007.[41]

Within the first six months of taking office, Harris cleared 27 of 74 backlogged homicide cases.[42] She also pushed for higher bail for criminal defendants involved in gun-related crimes, arguing that historically low bail encouraged outsiders to commit crimes in San Francisco. SFPD officers credited Harris with tightening the loopholes defendants had used in the past.[43] During her campaign, Harris pledged never to seek the death penalty,[44] and kept to this in the cases of a San Francisco Police Department officer, Isaac Espinoza, who was shot and killed in 2004,[45] [46] and of Edwin Ramos, an illegal immigrant and alleged MS-13 gang member who was accused of murdering a man and his two sons in 2009.[47] [48]

Harris created a Hate Crimes Unit, focusing on hate crimes against LGBT children and teens in schools,[49] and supported A.B. 1160, the Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act.[50] As District Attorney, she created an environmental crimes unit in 2005.[51] Harris expressed support for San Francisco's sanctuary city policy of not inquiring about immigration status in the process of a criminal investigation.[52] In 2004, Harris created the San Francisco Reentry Division.[53] Over six years, the 200 people graduated from the program had a recidivism rate of less than 10%, compared to the 53% of California's drug offenders who returned to prison within two years of release.[54] [55] [56]

In 2006, as part of an initiative to reduce the city's skyrocketing homicide rate, Harris led a citywide effort to combat truancy for at-risk elementary school youth in San Francisco.[57] In 2008, declaring chronic truancy a matter of public safety and pointing out that the majority of prison inmates and homicide victims are dropouts or habitual truants,[58] she issued citations against six parents whose children missed at least 50 days of school, the first time San Francisco prosecuted adults for student truancy.[59] Harris's office ultimately prosecuted seven parents in three years, with none jailed. By April 2009, 1,330 elementary school students were habitual or chronic truants, down 23% from 1,730 in 2008, and from 2,517 in 2007 and 2,856 in 2006.[60]

Attorney General of California (2011–2017)

See main article: Kamala Harris's tenure as Attorney General of California. In the 2010 general election, Harris defeated Republican Los Angeles County district attorney Steve Cooley.[61] [62] She was sworn in on January 3, 2011; she was the first woman, the first African American, and the first South Asian American to hold the office of Attorney General in the state's history. In February 2014, Harris announced her intention to run for reelection.[63] On November 4, 2014, Harris was reelected against Republican nomine Ronald Gold with 57.5% of the vote to Gold's 42.5%.[64]

In 2011, Harris obtained two of the largest recoveries in the history of California's False Claims Act over excess state Medi-Cal and federal Medicare payments.[65] [66] In 2012, she leveraged California's economic clout to obtain better terms in the National Mortgage Settlement against the nation's five largest mortgage servicers.[67] Harris worked with Assembly Speaker John Pérez and Senate President pro tem Darrell Steinberg in 2013 to introduce the Homeowner Bill of Rights, considered one of the strongest protections nationwide against aggressive foreclosure tactics.[68] In 2013, she declined to authorize a civil complaint against OneWest Bank, owned by an investment group headed by Steven Mnuchin (then a private citizen);[69] Harris was later criticized for accepting a donation from Mnuchin.[70] In 2015, Harris obtained a $1.2 billion judgment against for-profit Corinthian Colleges for false advertising and deceptive marketing targeting vulnerable, low-income students and misrepresenting job placement rates to students, investors, and accreditation agencies.[71]

Harris opposed California's ban on affirmative action[72] and filed an amicus curiae brief in the Supreme Court case Fisher v. University of Texas asking that the Court "reaffirm its decision that public colleges and universities may consider race as one factor in admissions decisions."[73] [74]

In February 2012, Harris announced an agreement with Apple, Amazon, Google, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, Research in Motion, and Facebook to mandate that apps sold in their stores display prominent privacy policies informing users of what private information they were sharing, and with whom.[75] [76] In 2015, Harris secured two settlements with Comcast totaling $59million over allegations that it posted online the names, phone numbers and addresses of tens of thousands of customers, and discarded paper records without first omitting or redacting private customer information.[77]

In November 2013, Harris launched the California Department of Justice's Division of Recidivism, Reduction, and Reentry.[78] Her record on wrongful conviction cases as attorney general has been criticized by academics and activists.[79] After the 2011 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Plata declared California's prisons so overcrowded they inflicted cruel and unusual punishment, Harris fought federal supervision, saying, "I have a client, and I don't get to choose my client."[80] In September 2014, Harris's office argued unsuccessfully in a court filing against the early release of prisoners, citing the need for inmate firefighting labor.[81]

After being elected, Harris declared her office would not defend Prop8, a state constitutional amendment providing that only marriages "between a man and a woman" are valid,[82] and in February 2013 she filed an amicus curiae brief arguing Prop8 was unconstitutional.[83] Harris later justified her decision not to defend the law by saying, "It would be inappropriate for a state on the verge of bankruptcy to use all those resources to defend a law found to be unconstitutional."[84] In 2014, Harris co-sponsored legislation to ban the gay and trans panic defense in court,[85] which passed.[86] She appealed a federal ruling in favor of an imprisoned transgender woman's request for gender-affirming surgery to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals,[87] arguing that psychotherapy[88] and feminizing hormone therapy were sufficient medical treatment,[89] although she said she ultimately pushed the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation to change its policy.[90] In 2019, Harris said she took "full responsibility" for briefs her office filed in this case and others involving trans inmates' access to gender-affirming surgery.[91]

In 2011, Harris urged criminal penalties for parents of truant children, allowing the court to defer judgment if the parent agreed to a mediation period to get their child back in school. Critics charged that local prosecutors implementing her directives were overzealous in their enforcement and Harris's policy adversely affected families.[92]

Harris prioritized environmental protection as attorney general, first securing a $44million settlement to resolve all damages and costs associated with the Cosco Busan oil spill.[93] In the aftermath of the 2015 Refugio oil spill, she toured the coastline and directed her office's resources and attorneys to investigate possible criminal violations.[94] From 2015 to 2016, Harris secured multiple multi-million-dollar settlements with fuel service companies Chevron, BP, ARCO, Phillips 66, and ConocoPhillips to resolve allegations they failed to properly monitor the hazardous materials in their underground gasoline storage tanks.[95] [96] [97] In summer 2016, automaker Volkswagen AG agreed to pay up to $14.7billion to settle a raft of claims related to so-called Defeat Devices used to cheat emissions standards on its diesel cars.[98] In 2012, Harris announced that the California Department of Justice had improved its DNA testing capabilities, clearing California's DNA backlog for the first time.[99] In 2015, she conducted a 90-day review of implicit bias in policing and police use of deadly force. In April 2015, Harris introduced the first-of-its-kind "Principled Policing: Procedural Justice and Implicit Bias" training to help law enforcement officers overcome barriers to neutral policing and rebuild trust between law enforcement and the public.[100] The same year, the California Department of Justice became the nation's first statewide agency to require all its police officers to wear body cameras.[101] In 2016, Harris announced a patterns and practices investigation into purported civil rights violations and use of excessive force by the two largest law enforcement agencies in Kern County, California.[102]

In 2016, Harris's office seized videos and other information from the apartment of an antiabortion activist who had made secret recordings and then accused Planned Parenthood doctors of illegally selling fetal tissue.[103] [104]

In 2011, Harris created the eCrime Unit within the California Department of Justice, a 20-attorney unit targeting technology crimes.[105] In 2015, several purveyors of so-called revenge porn sites based in California were arrested, charged with felonies, and sentenced to lengthy prison terms.[106] [107] In 2016, Harris announced the arrest of Backpage CEO Carl Ferrer on felony charges of pimping a minor, pimping, and conspiracy to commit pimping, alleging that 99% of Backpage's revenue was directly attributable to prostitution-related ads, many of which involved victims of sex trafficking, including children.[108] During her term as attorney general, Harris's office oversaw major investigations and prosecutions targeting transnational criminal organizations for their involvement in violent crime, fraud schemes, drug trafficking, and smuggling.[109] In 2012, Harris signed an accord with the attorney general of Mexico, Marisela Morales, to improve coordination of law enforcement resources targeting transnational gangs selling and trafficking human beings across the San Ysidro border crossing.[110] On May 15, 2015, Harris received a Doctor of Laws from the University of Southern California.[111] [112] On May 13, 2017, she received a Doctor of Humane Letters from Howard University,[113] [114] where she gave a commencement address.[115]

U.S. Senate (2017–2021)

Election

See main article: 2016 United States Senate election in California.

After more than 20 years as a U.S. senator from California, Senator Barbara Boxer announced on January 13, 2015, that she would not run for reelection in 2016.[116] Harris announced her candidacy for the Senate seat the next week. She was a top contender from the beginning of her campaign.[117]

The 2016 California Senate election used California's new top-two primary format, where the top two candidates in the primary advance to the general election regardless of party. On February 27, 2016, Harris won 78% of the California Democratic Party vote at the party convention, allowing her campaign to receive financial support from the party.[118] Three months later, Governor Jerry Brown endorsed her.[119] In the June 7 primary, Harris came in first with 40% of the vote and won with pluralities in most counties.[120] Harris faced representative and fellow Democrat Loretta Sanchez in the general election. It was the first time a Republican did not appear in a general election for the Senate since California began directly electing senators in 1914.[121]

On July 19, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden endorsed Harris.[122] In the November 2016 election, Harris defeated Sanchez with over 60% of the vote, carrying all but four counties.[123] After her victory, she promised to protect immigrants from the policies of President-elect Donald Trump and announced her intention to remain Attorney General through the end of 2016.[124] [125]

Tenure and political positions

See also: Political positions of Kamala Harris.

2017

On January 28, after Trump signed Executive Order 13769, barring citizens from several Muslim-majority countries from entering the U.S. for 90 days, she condemned the order and was one of many to call it a "Muslim ban".[126] She called White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly at home to gather information and push back against the executive order.[127]

In February, Harris spoke in opposition to Trump's cabinet picks Betsy DeVos for Secretary of Education[128] and Jeff Sessions for United States Attorney General.[129] In early March, she called on Sessions to resign, after it was reported that Sessions, who had previously said he "did not have communications with the Russians", spoke twice with Russian Ambassador to the United States Sergey Kislyak.[130]

In April, Harris voted against the confirmation of Neil Gorsuch to the U.S. Supreme Court.[131] Later that month, she took her first foreign trip to the Middle East, visiting California troops stationed in Iraq and the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan, the largest camp for Syrian refugees.[132]

In June, Harris garnered media attention for her questioning of Rod Rosenstein, the deputy attorney general, over the role he played in the May 2017 firing of James Comey, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.[133] The prosecutorial nature of her questioning caused Senator John McCain, an ex officio member of the Intelligence Committee, and Senator Richard Burr, the committee chairman, to interrupt her and request that she be more respectful of the witness. A week later, she questioned Jeff Sessions, the attorney general, on the same topic.[134] Sessions said her questioning "makes me nervous".[135] Burr's singling out of Harris sparked suggestions in the news media that his behavior was sexist, with commentators arguing that Burr would not treat a male Senate colleague in a similar manner.[136]

In December, Harris called for the resignation of Senator Al Franken, writing on Twitter, "Sexual harassment and misconduct should not be allowed by anyone and should not occur anywhere."[137]

2018

In January, Harris was appointed to the Senate Judiciary Committee after Franken resigned.[138] Later that month, she questioned Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen for favoring Norwegian immigrants over others and for claiming to be unaware that Norway is a predominantly white country.[139] [140]

In May, Harris heatedly questioned Nielsen about the Trump administration family separation policy, under which children were separated from their families when their parents were taken into custody for illegally entering the U.S.[141] In June, after visiting one of the detention facilities near the border in San Diego,[142] Harris became the first senator to demand Nielsen's resignation.[143]

In the September and October Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court confirmation hearings, Harris questioned Brett Kavanaugh about a meeting he may have had regarding the Mueller Investigation with a member of Kasowitz Benson Torres, the law firm founded by Donald Trump's personal attorney, Marc Kasowitz. Kavanaugh was unable to answer and repeatedly deflected.[144] Harris also participated in questioning the FBI director's limited scope of the investigation of Kavanaugh regarding allegations of sexual assault.[145] She voted against his confirmation.

Harris was a target of the October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts.[146]

In December, the Senate passed the Justice for Victims of Lynching Act (S. 3178), sponsored by Harris.[147] The bill, which died in the House, would have made lynching a federal hate crime.[148]

2019

Harris supported busing for desegregation of public schools, saying, "the schools of America are as segregated, if not more segregated, today than when I was in elementary school."[149] She viewed busing as an option to be considered by school districts, rather than the responsibility of the federal government.[150]

Harris was an early co-sponsor of the Green New Deal, a plan to transition the country towards generating 100 percent renewable electricity by 2030.[151]

In March 2019, after Special Counsel Robert Mueller submitted his report on Russian interference in the 2016 election, Harris called for U.S. Attorney General William Barr to testify before Congress in the interests of transparency.[152] Two days later, Barr released a four-page "summary" of the redacted Mueller Report, which was criticized as a deliberate mischaracterization of its conclusions.[153] Later that month, Harris was one of 12 Democratic senators led by Mazie Hirono to sign a letter questioning Barr's decision to offer "his own conclusion that the President's conduct did not amount to obstruction of justice", and called for an investigation into whether Barr's summary of the Mueller Report and his statements at a news conference were misleading.[154]

On May 1, 2019, Barr testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee.[155] During the hearing, he remained defiant about the misrepresentations in the four-page summary he had released ahead of the full report.[156] When asked by Harris whether he had reviewed the underlying evidence before deciding not to charge Trump with obstruction of justice, Barr admitted that neither he, Rod Rosenstein, nor anyone in his office had reviewed the evidence supporting the report before making the charging decision.[157] Harris later called for Barr to resign, accusing him of refusing to answer her questions because he could open himself up to perjury, and saying his responses disqualified him from serving as U.S. attorney general.[158] [159] Two days later, Harris demanded again that the Department of Justice inspector general Michael E. Horowitz investigate whether Barr acceded to pressure from the White House to investigate Trump's political enemies.[160]

On May 5, 2019, Harris said "voter suppression" prevented Democrats Stacey Abrams and Andrew Gillum from winning the 2018 gubernatorial elections in Georgia and Florida; Abrams lost by 55,000 votes and Gillum by 32,000. According to election law expert Richard L. Hasen, "I have seen no good evidence that the suppressive effects of strict voting and registration laws affected the outcome of the governor's races in Georgia and Florida."[161]

In July, Harris teamed with Kirsten Gillibrand to urge the Trump administration to investigate the persecution of Uyghurs in China by the Chinese Communist Party; in this question she was joined by Senator Marco Rubio.[162]

In November, Harris called for an investigation into the death of Roxsana Hernández, a transgender woman and immigrant who died in ICE custody.[163] [164]

In December, Harris led a group of Democratic senators and civil rights organizations in demanding the removal of White House senior adviser Stephen Miller after emails published by the Southern Poverty Law Center revealed frequent promotion of white nationalist literature to Breitbart website editors.[165]

2020

Before the opening of the impeachment trial of Donald Trump on January 16, 2020, Harris delivered remarks on the floor of the Senate, stating her views on the integrity of the American justice system and the principle that nobody, including an incumbent president, is above the law. She later asked Senate Judiciary chairman Lindsey Graham to halt all judicial nominations during the impeachment trial, to which Graham acquiesced.[166] [167] Harris voted to convict Trump on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.[168]

Harris worked on bipartisan bills with Republican co-sponsors, including a bail reform bill with Rand Paul,[169] an election security bill with James Lankford,[170] and a workplace harassment bill with Lisa Murkowski.[171]

2021

Following her election as Vice President of the United States, Harris resigned from her seat on January 18, 2021,[172] before taking office on January 20, and was replaced by California Secretary of State Alex Padilla.[173]

Committee assignments

While in the Senate, Harris was a member of the following committees:[174]

Caucus memberships

2020 presidential election (2019–2020)

Presidential campaign

See main article: Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign.

Harris had been considered a top contender and potential front-runner for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president.[178] In June 2018, she said she was "not ruling it out".[179] In July 2018, it was announced that she would publish a memoir, a sign of a possible run.[180] On January 21, 2019, Harris officially announced her candidacy for president of the United States in the 2020 presidential election.[181] In the first 24hours after her announcement, she tied a record set by Bernie Sanders in 2016 for the most donations raised in the day after an announcement.[182] [183] More than 20,000 people attended her campaign launch event in her hometown of Oakland, California, on January 27, according to a police estimate.[184]

During the first Democratic presidential debate in June 2019, Harris scolded former vice president Joe Biden for "hurtful" remarks he made, speaking fondly of senators who opposed integration efforts in the 1970s and working with them to oppose mandatory school bussing.[185] Harris's support rose by between six and nine points in polls after that debate.[186] In the second debate in August, Biden and Representative Tulsi Gabbard confronted Harris over her record as attorney general.[187] The San Jose Mercury News assessed that some of Gabbard's and Biden's accusations were on point, such as blocking the DNA testing of a death row inmate, while others did not withstand scrutiny. In the immediate aftermath of the debate, Harris fell in the polls.[188] [189] Over the next few months her poll numbers fell to the low single digits.[190] [191] Harris faced criticism from reformers for tough-on-crime policies she pursued while she was California's attorney general.[192] In 2014, she defended California's death penalty in court.[193]

Before and during her presidential campaign, an online informal organization using the hashtag #KHive formed to support Harris's candidacy and defend her from racist and sexist attacks.[194] [195] [196] According to the Daily Dot, Joy Reid first used the term in an August 2017 tweet saying "@DrJasonJohnson @ZerlinaMaxwell and I had a meeting and decided it's called the K-Hive."[197]

On December 3, 2019, Harris withdrew from the 2020 presidential election, citing a shortage of funds.[198] In March 2020, she endorsed Joe Biden for president.[199]

Vice presidential campaign

See main article: Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign and 2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection.

In May 2019, senior members of the Congressional Black Caucus endorsed the idea of a Biden–Harris ticket.[200] In late February 2020, Biden won a landslide victory in the 2020 South Carolina Democratic primary with the endorsement of House whip Jim Clyburn, with more victories on Super Tuesday. In early March, Clyburn suggested Biden choose a black woman as a running mate, saying, "African American women needed to be rewarded for their loyalty".[201] In March, Biden committed to choosing a woman for his running mate.[202]

On April 17, 2020, Harris responded to media speculation and said she "would be honored" to be Biden's running mate.[203] In late May, in relation to the murder of George Floyd and ensuing protests and demonstrations, Biden faced renewed calls to select a black woman as his running mate, highlighting the law enforcement credentials of Harris and Val Demings.[204]

On June 12, The New York Times reported that Harris was emerging as the front-runner to be Biden's running mate, as she was the only African American woman with the political experience typical of vice presidents.[205] On June 26, CNN reported that more than a dozen people close to the Biden search process considered Harris one of Biden's top four contenders, along with Elizabeth Warren, Val Demings, and Keisha Lance Bottoms.[206]

On August 11, 2020, Biden announced he had chosen Harris.[207] She was the first African American, the first Indian American, and the third woman after Geraldine Ferraro and Sarah Palin to be the vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.[208] Harris is also the first resident of the Western United States to appear on the Democratic Party's national ticket.[209]

Harris became the vice president–elect after Biden won the 2020 presidential election.[210] After the major networks called the election for Biden and Harris, Harris was recorded calling Biden, saying: "We did it! We did it, Joe. You're going to be the next President of the United States." The video became one of the ten most-liked tweets of 2020.[211] Biden and Harris were jointly named Time Person of the Year for 2020.[212]

Vice presidency (2021–present)

See also: Presidency of Joe Biden. After Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election, Harris assumed office as vice president on January 20, 2021.[213] She is the United States' first female vice president, the highest-ranking female elected official in U.S. history, and the first African-American and first Asian-American vice president.[214] [215] She is also the second person of color to hold the post, preceded by Charles Curtis, a Native American and member of the Kaw Nation, who served under Herbert Hoover from 1929 to 1933.[216] Harris is the third person with acknowledged non-European ancestry to reach one of the highest offices in the executive branch, after Curtis and President Barack Obama.

Inauguration

See also: Inauguration of Joe Biden.

Harris was sworn in as vice president on January 20, 2021, on two Bibles held by her husband, one belonging to Regina Shelton, a person important to her and her sister Maya Harris, and another belonging to former U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall.

Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor administered the oath of office to Harris at 11:40 a.m., with 20 minutes remaining in Vice President Mike Pence's term. Sotomayor became the first woman to administer an inaugural oath twice after she administered Biden's at his 2013 swearing-in. Harris recited the following:

I, Kamala Devi Harris, do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. [So help me God.]

Her first act as vice president was swearing in her replacement, Alex Padilla, and Georgia Senators Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff, who were elected in the 2021 Georgia runoff elections.[217]

Tenure

When Harris took office on January 20, 2021, the 117th Congress's Senate was divided 50–50 between Republicans and Democrats;[218] this meant that Harris had to be frequently called upon to exercise her power to cast tie-breaking votes as president of the Senate. Harris cast her first two tie-breaking votes on February 5. In February and March, Harris's tie-breaking votes were crucial in passing the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 stimulus package proposed by Biden, since no Senate Republicans voted for it.[219] [220] On July 20, Harris broke Mike Pence's record for tie-breaking votes in the first year of a vice presidency[221] when she cast the seventh tie-breaking vote in her first six months.[222] She cast 13 tie-breaking votes during her first year in office, the most tie-breaking votes in a single year in U.S. history, surpassing John Adams, who cast 12 votes in 1790.[223] On December 5, 2023, Harris broke the record for the most tie-breaking votes cast by a vice president, casting her 32nd vote, exceeding John C. Calhoun, who cast 31 votes during his nearly eight years as vice president, in less than half the time.[224] [225] On November 19, 2021, Harris served as acting president from 10:10 to 11:35 am EST while Biden underwent a colonoscopy.[226] She became the first woman, and the third person overall, to assume the powers and duties of the U.S. presidency under Section 3 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment.[227] [228]

As early as December 2021, Harris was identified as playing a pivotal role in the Biden administration owing to her tie-breaking vote in the evenly divided Senate as well as her being the presumed front-runner in 2024 if Biden did not seek reelection.[229]

Immigration

On March 24, 2021, Biden assigned Harris to work with Mexico and Northern Triangle nations to stem irregular migration to the U.S.-Mexico border and address the "root causes" of migration.[230] [231] Multiple news organizations at the time described Harris as a "border czar",[232] [233] [234] though Harris rejected the title and never actually held it.[235] [236] [237] [238] [239] Republicans and other critics began using the term "border czar" to tie Harris to the Mexico–United States border crisis, including in a July 2024 House resolution, despite her having no authority over the border itself.[240] [241] [242] [243] [244]

Harris conducted her first international trip as vice president in June 2021, visiting Guatemala and Mexico in an attempt to address the root causes of an increase in migration from Central America to the United States.[245] During her visit, in a joint press conference with Guatemalan president Alejandro Giammattei, Harris issued an appeal to potential migrants: "I want to be clear to folks in the region who are thinking about making that dangerous trek to the United States-Mexico border: Do not come. Do not come."[246] Her work in Central America led to creation of task forces on corruption and human trafficking; a women's empowerment program, and an investment fund for housing and businesses.[247]

Foreign policy

Harris met with French president Emmanuel Macron in November 2021 to strengthen ties after the contentious cancellation of a submarine program.[248] A subsequent meeting was held in November 2022 during Macron's visit to the U.S., resulting in an agreement to strengthen U.S.–France space cooperation across civil, commercial, and national security sectors.[249]

In April 2021, Harris said she was the last person in the room before Biden decided to remove all U.S. troops from Afghanistan, adding that Biden had "an extraordinary amount of courage" and "make[s] decisions based on what he truly believes ... is the right thing to do."[250] National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said that Biden "insists she be in every core decision-making meeting. She weighs in during those meetings, often providing unique perspectives." Harris assumed a "key diplomatic role" in the Biden administration, particularly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, after which she was dispatched to Germany and Poland to rally support for arming Ukraine and imposing sanctions on Russia.[251]

In April 2023, Harris visited Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland with South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol and agreed to work to strengthen the space alliance between the United States and South Korea. "We renew our commitment to strengthen our cooperation in the next frontier of our expanding alliance, and of course that is space," Harris said at a joint news conference with Yoon.[252] In November 2023, Harris pledged that the Biden administration would place no conditions on U.S. aid to Israel in its war with Hamas in Gaza.[253] In March 2024, she criticized Israel's actions during the Israel–Hamas war, saying, "Given the immense scale of suffering in Gaza, there must be an immediate ceasefire for at least the next six weeks...This will get the hostages out and get a significant amount of aid in."[254]

Speeches and speaking engagements

In May 2021, Harris became the first female commencement speaker at the United States Naval Academy.[255] In May 2023, she became the first woman to give a commencement address for West Point.[256]

Public image

See main article: Public image of Kamala Harris.

Harris's term in office has seen high staff turnover, including the departures of her chief of staff, deputy chief of staff, press secretary, deputy press secretary, communications director, and chief speechwriter.[257] Critics allege that the high rate of resignations reflects "dysfunction" and demoralization. Axios reported that at least some of the turnover was due to exhaustion from a demanding transition into the new administration, as well as financial and personal considerations.[258] During her tenure, Harris has had one of the lowest approval ratings of any vice president.[259] [260] [261] According to a RealClear Politics polling average, as of August 2024, 44.3% of registered voters had a favorable opinion of her and 50.2% an unfavorable opinion.[262] In 2024, a video clip from 2023 went viral of Harris saying "You think you just fell out of a coconut tree? You exist in the context of all in which you live and what came before you" at a White House event.[263] Since the launch of her 2024 presidential campaign, that and other Harris remarks have been widely shared as memes, resulting in press coverage of her public image.[264] [265]

Harris's boisterous laughter has been called one of her "most defining and most dissected personal traits".[266] She says she got her laugh from her mother.[267]

2024 presidential campaign

See main article: Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign.

On July 21, 2024, incumbent president and presumptive Democratic nominee Joe Biden suspended his campaign for reelection in 2024 and endorsed Harris for president.[268] Harris was also endorsed by Jimmy Carter, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Barack and Michelle Obama, the Congressional Black Caucus, and many others.[269] [270] [271] [272] In the first 24 hours of her candidacy, her campaign raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest single-day total of any presidential candidate in history.[273] If elected, Harris would be the first female and first Asian-American president of the United States, and the second African-American president, after Obama.[274] By August 5, 2024, Harris had officially secured the nomination via a virtual roll call of delegates.[4] The next day, she announced Minnesota Governor Tim Walz as her vice presidential running mate.[275]

Political positions

See main article: Political positions of Kamala Harris.

Personal life

See also: Family of Kamala Harris. In the 1990s, Harris dated then-Speaker of the California Assembly Willie Brown. In 2001, she had a brief dating relationship with talk show host Montel Williams.[276]

Harris met her future husband, attorney Doug Emhoff, through a mutual friend who set them up on a blind date in 2013.[277] Emhoff, who was born in a Jewish family, was an entertainment lawyer who became partner-in-charge at Venable LLP's Los Angeles office.[278] [279] Harris and Emhoff married on August 22, 2014, in Santa Barbara, California.[280] Harris is stepmother to Emhoff's two children, Cole and Ella, from his previous marriage to the film producer Kerstin Emhoff.[281] As of August 2019, Harris and her husband had an estimated net worth of $6million.[282]

Harris is a Baptist, holding membership of the Third Baptist Church of San Francisco, a congregation of the American Baptist Churches USA.[283] [284] [285] [286] She is a member of The Links, an invitation-only social and service organization of prominent Black American women.[287] [288]

Harris's sister, Maya, is a lawyer and MSNBC political analyst; her brother-in-law, Tony West, is general counsel of Uber and a former United States Department of Justice senior official.[289] Her niece, Meena, is the founder of the Phenomenal Women Action Campaign and former head of strategy and leadership at Uber.[290]

Publications

Harris has written two nonfiction books and one children's book.

See also

Further reading

External links

Official

Other

Notes and References

  1. Kamala Harris . Kamala Harris . KamalaHarris . 735197253153914881 . People pronounce my name many different ways. Let #KidsForKamala show you how it's done..
  2. Web site: Kamala Harris: The Vice President . July 24, 2024 . The White House . January 20, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210120170519/https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/vice-president-harris/ . live .
  3. Web site: United States in the Senate: California Timeline . August 3, 2024 . The United States Senate . 2021, January 20: Kamala Harris of Los Angeles became the first woman and the first African American and Asian American to serve as vice president of the United States and president of the U.S. Senate. . June 13, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240613015034/https://www.senate.gov/states/CA/timeline.htm . live .
  4. Web site: Kim. Seung Min. Kamala Harris is now Democratic presidential nominee, will face off against Donald Trump this fall. Associated Press. August 5, 2024. August 5, 2024. August 8, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240808041440/https://apnews.com/article/harris-democratic-presidential-nomination-eb43b6b346cc644b2d195315cb2bfb20. live.
  5. News: Nehamas . Nicholas . August 6, 2024 . Harris Officially Secures Democratic Party's Nomination for President . August 6, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . August 6, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240806062412/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/06/us/politics/kamala-harris-president-campaign-2024.html . live .
  6. Web site: Kamala D. Harris: US Senator from California. July 29, 2020. United States Senate. In 2017, Kamala D. Harris was sworn in as a United States senator for California, the second African-American woman, and first South Asian-American senator in history.. October 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201014130548/https://www.harris.senate.gov/about. dead.
  7. Web site: Weinberg. Tessa. Palaniappan. Sruthi. December 3, 2019. Kamala Harris: Everything you need to know about the 2020 presidential candidate. August 10, 2020. ABC News. Harris is the daughter of an Indian mother and Jamaican father, and is the second African-American woman and first South Asian-American senator in history.. April 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210419003209/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/kamala-harris-latest-democrat-run-president/story?id=60521324. live.
  8. Sanchez . Chelsey . January 20, 2021 . Here's Where Kamala Harris Stands on Gun Control . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322165235/https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/politics/a34275544/kamala-harris-gun-control/ . March 22, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . .
  9. Web site: deBruyn . Jason . August 12, 2020 . Kamala Harris Advocated For Stricter Gun Laws As A Candidate. What About As Joe Biden's VP? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322165236/https://www.wunc.org/law/2020-08-12/kamala-harris-advocated-for-stricter-gun-laws-as-a-candidate-what-about-as-joe-bidens-vp . March 22, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . WUNC.
  10. News: Viser. Matt. January 21, 2019. Kamala Harris enters 2020 Presidential Race. The Washington Post. January 22, 2019. February 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200225040147/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/kamala-harris-enters-2020-presidential-race/2019/01/21/d68d15b2-0a20-11e9-a3f0-71c95106d96a_story.html. live.
  11. Web site: Harris Has Enough Delegates to Clinch Nomination for President . Gregory . Korte . Jordan . Fabian. July 22, 2024. July 22, 2024. Bloomberg News. July 23, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240723020348/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-23/harris-crosses-delegate-threshold-in-sign-nomination-is-hers?srnd=homepage-uk. live.
  12. News: Edelman. Adam. Alba. Monica. Alcindor. Yamiche. Harris picks Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz for running mate. NBC News. 6 August 2024. August 6, 2024. August 14, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240814071433/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/harris-picks-minnesota-gov-tim-walz-running-mate-rcna163448. live.
  13. Web site: Kim. Catherin. Stanton. Zack. August 11, 2020. 55 Things You Need to Know About Kamala Harris. August 23, 2020. Politico. August 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200822230300/https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/08/11/kamala-harris-vp-background-bio-biden-running-mate-2020-393885. live.
  14. Web site: June 21, 2009. In Memoriam: Dr. Shyamala G. Harris. January 23, 2019. Breast Cancer Action. January 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190123121324/https://bcaction.org/2009/06/21/in-memoriam-dr-shyamala-g-harris/. live.
  15. Book: Harris, Kamala . The Truths We Hold: An American Journey . 2019 . Penguin Publishing Group . 978-0-525-56072-2 . 320, 330 . my paternal grandfather, Oscar Joseph … my paternal grandmother, Beryl . April 17, 2023 . March 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240303000912/https://books.google.com/books?id=vUFkDwAAQBAJ . live .
  16. News: Barry . Ellen . November 7, 2020 . Kamala Harris's Father, a Footnote in Her Speeches, Is a Prominent Economist . July 22, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . July 22, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240722141019/https://www.nytimes.com/article/kamala-harris-dad-don-harris.html . live .
  17. News: Kacich . Tom . Tom's #Mailbag, Aug. 2, 2019 . The News-Gazette . August 2, 2019 . August 19, 2022 . August 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220825213212/https://www.news-gazette.com/news/toms-mailbag-aug-2-2019/article_2e901c56-67e8-54d6-a2b4-aa2f087d225f.html . live .
  18. Web site: Dinkelspiel . Frances . Frances Dinkelspiel . Update: Change in Berkeley law not needed to landmark the childhood home of Kamala Harris . Berkeleyside . March 8, 2021 . August 19, 2022 . August 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220819233234/https://www.berkeleyside.org/2021/03/08/no-changes-needed-in-berkeley-to-landmark-the-childhood-home-of-kamala-harris . live .
  19. Kamala Harris Makes Her Case . Dana . Goodyear . The New Yorker . August 19, 2022 . July 15, 2019 . November 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118140540/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/07/22/kamala-harris-makes-her-case . live . Growing up, Harris was surrounded by African-American intellectuals and activists. One of her mother's closest friends was Mary Lewis, who helped found the field of black studies, at San Francisco State. .
  20. News: Horwitz . Sari . February 27, 2012 . Justice Dept. lawyer Tony West to take over as acting associate attorney general . The Washington Post. August 23, 2020. July 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190708054021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/justice-dept-lawyer-tony-west-to-take-over-as-acting-associate-attorney-general/2012/02/24/gIQAqyBOeR_story.html . live .
  21. News: Martinez . Michael . October 23, 2010 . A 'Female Obama' seeks California attorney general post . CNN . January 22, 2014. November 16, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161116111208/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/10/22/california.kamala.harris.profile/ . live.
  22. News: Sam. Whiting. Kamala Harris grew up idolizing lawyers. San Francisco Chronicle. May 14, 2009. January 11, 2014. March 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200301010320/https://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Kamala-Harris-grew-up-idolizing-lawyers-3232851.php. live.
  23. Web site: When your best friend from high school winds up in the White House . JGH News . November 2020 . April 28, 2024 . April 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240428005842/https://jghnews.ciussswestcentral.ca/when-your-best-friend-from-high-school-winds-up-in-the-white-house/ . live .
  24. News: Dale . Daniel . U.S. Sen. Kamala Harris's classmates from her Canadian high school cheer her potential run for president . Toronto Star . December 29, 2018 . July 1, 2019 . September 14, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190914123459/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2018/12/29/kamala-harriss-classmates-from-her-canadian-high-school-cheer-her-campaign-for-us-president.html . live .
  25. Web site: Cohen . Mike . January 20, 2021 . Kamala Harris now remembered for her Vanier roots . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210304040451/https://www.thesuburban.com/columnists/mike_cohen_cohen_chatter/kamala-harris-now-remembered-for-her-vanier-roots/article_7f344a74-971f-569b-8566-c4c68e8f1c51.html . March 4, 2021 . July 21, 2024 . The Suburban Newspaper.
  26. News: Givhan . Robin . September 16, 2019 . Kamala Harris grew up in a mostly white world. She then went to a black university in a black city. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210610045040/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/16/kamala-harris-grew-up-mostly-white-world-then-she-went-black-university-black-city/ . June 10, 2021 . August 15, 2020 . The Washington Post.
  27. Web site: Kamala Harris Is No DC Newcomer. What Has Her Life Looked Like Here So Far?. Mimi. Montgomery. August 17, 2020. Washingtonian. July 25, 2024. October 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002190338/https://www.washingtonian.com/2020/08/17/kamala-harris-is-no-dc-newcomer-what-has-her-life-looked-like-here-so-far/. live.
  28. News: Costley. Drew. July 4, 2017. Kamala Harris' life in the political limelight and all the times she made history. December 27, 2020. SFGATE. January 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108091046/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/slideshow/Kamala-Harris-ascent-in-the-Democratic-Party-146589.php. live.
  29. News: LEOP: Opening Doors for Students of Promise. August 13, 2020. UC Hastings Magazine. August 14, 2018. September 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200925110005/https://www.uchastings.edu/2018/08/14/uc-hastings-2018-magazine-preview-opening-doors-for-students-of-promise/. live.
  30. Web site: UC Hastings Congratulates Kamala Harris '89: California's next U.S. Senator. UC Hastings Law. San Francisco. November 9, 2016. August 13, 2020. January 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210109130656/https://www.uchastings.edu/2016/11/09/uc-hastings-congratulates-kamala-harris-89-californias-next-u-s-senator/. live.
  31. News: Kamala Harris '89 Wins Race for California Attorney General. UC Hastings News Room. November 24, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101130223928/http://uchastings.edu/media-and-news/news/2010/11/kamala-harris.html. dead. November 30, 2010. February 2, 2011.
  32. News: Morain. Dan. 2 More Brown Associates Get Well-Paid Posts : Government: The Speaker appoints his frequent companion and a longtime friend to state boards as his hold on his own powerful position wanes. . July 4, 2020. Los Angeles Times. November 29, 1994 . latimes-brown-harris. June 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200617210000/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-11-29-mn-2787-story.html. live.
  33. News: DA Names New Head of Career Crime Unit. https://web.archive.org/web/20200422133402/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29091340/sf-examiner-feb-03-1998/ . live. The San Francisco Examiner. February 3, 1998. April 22, 2020.
  34. Web site: Women's Radio: This DA Makes a Difference For Women . Pat . Lynch . Womensradio.com. November 18, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101219095441/http://www.womensradio.com/articles/This-DA-Makes-a-Difference-for-Women/559.html. December 19, 2010.
  35. News: Byrne . Peter . September 24, 2003 . Kamala's Karma . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200213202115/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/kamalas-karma/ . February 13, 2020 . July 4, 2020 . San Francisco Weekly.
  36. News: Kruse. Michael. August 9, 2019. How San Francisco's Wealthiest Families Launched Kamala Harris. Politico. August 9, 2019. November 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191128184615/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/08/09/kamala-harris-2020-president-profile-san-francisco-elite-227611. live.
  37. News: Adriel. Hampton. Harris stumps in the Sunset. The San Francisco Examiner. July 28, 2003.
  38. News: J.K.. Dineen. Adriel. Hampton. Clinton Tops List of Celebrity Supporters. The San Francisco Examiner. December 9, 2003. April 22, 2020. October 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201005064125/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/462679876/. live.
  39. News: Demian. Bulwa. Harris puts D.A. on trial / Performance, not philosophy, an issue. San Francisco Chronicle. December 6, 2003. May 6, 2020. January 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210128030109/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Harris-puts-D-A-on-trial-Performance-not-2525471.php. live.
  40. News: Kate. Zernike. 'Progressive Prosecutor': Can Kamala Harris Square the Circle?. https://web.archive.org/web/20190211111631/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/11/us/kamala-harris-progressive-prosecutor.html . February 11, 2019 . subscription . live. The New York Times. February 11, 2019.
  41. News: Heather. Knight. Kamala Harris celebrates unopposed bid for district attorney. San Francisco Chronicle. November 7, 2007. February 2, 2011. January 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140111042848/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Kamala-Harris-celebrates-unopposed-bid-for-3301780.php. live.
  42. News: Alison. Soltau. New DA claims higher success rate vs. violent felons. San Francisco Examiner. July 21, 2004. 4. May 20, 2020. June 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223142/https://www.newspapers.com/image/462412693/?terms=kamala%2Bharris%2Bconviction%2Brate. live. subscription.
  43. News: Jaxon . Van Derbeken . Trials and tribulations of Kamala Harris, D.A. / 2 years into term, prosecutor, police have their differences . . March 20, 2006 . March 9, 2019 . March 5, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190305182146/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Trials-and-tribulations-of-Kamala-Harris-D-A-2521498.php . live .
  44. News: VanDerbeken . Jaxson . January 9, 2004 . New D.A. promises to be 'smart on crime' / Harris speaks well of Hallinan, will continue some of his policies . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201017095119/https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/New-D-A-promises-to-be-smart-on-crime-Harris-2831205.php . October 17, 2020 . May 10, 2020 . SFGate.
  45. Web site: Feinstein's surprise call for death penalty puts D.A. on spot. Phillip. Matier. Andrew. Ross. San Francisco Chronicle. April 21, 2004. May 3, 2020. April 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200425062908/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Feinstein-s-surprise-call-for-death-penalty-puts-3313728.php. live.
  46. Web site: Sen. Boxer joins throng calling for death in killing of cop. Phillip. Matier. Andrew. Ross. San Francisco Chronicle. May 5, 2004. May 3, 2020. February 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210218193324/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/matier-ross/article/Sen-Boxer-joins-throng-calling-for-death-in-3324378.php. live.
  47. News: Van Derbeken. Jaxon. Edwin Ramos won't face death penalty. San Francisco Chronicle. September 11, 2009. April 22, 2020. June 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223144/https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Edwin-Ramos-won-t-face-death-penalty-3218429.php. live.
  48. News: Newsom backs Harris' decision. Heather. Knight. Marisa. Lagos. September 16, 2009. San Francisco Chronicle. October 20, 2009. November 3, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121103205814/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Newsom-backs-Harris-decision-3286455.php. live.
  49. Web site: Marriage Equality . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101125112342/http://kamalaharris.org/MarriageEquality . November 25, 2010 . November 18, 2010 . Kamalaharris.org.
  50. Web site: September 28, 2006 . Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150623100157/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200520060AB1160 . June 23, 2015 . June 23, 2015 . California Legislative Information.
  51. News: Johnson . Jason B. . June 1, 2005 . D.A. creates environmental unit: 3-staff team takes on crime mostly affecting the poor . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200422163016/https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-D-A-creates-environmental-unit-2666667.php . April 22, 2020 . May 4, 2020 . San Francisco Chronicle.
  52. News: McKinley . Jesse . November 12, 2006 . Immigrant Protection Rules Draw Fire . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20120625035600/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/12/us/12sanctuary.html . June 25, 2012 . October 28, 2010 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
  53. News: August 12, 2020. 'Nobody works harder': insiders recall Kamala Harris's meteoric rise. The Guardian. January 21, 2019. Vivian. Ho. September 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910155940/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/21/kamala-harris-2020-president-election-run-meteoric-rise. live.
  54. News: Alison. Knezevich. Mosby: New program gives nonviolent offenders a second chance. The Baltimore Sun. May 14, 2015. May 3, 2020. October 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201005074323/https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/baltimore-city/bs-md-ci-mosby-new-program-20150514-story.html. live.
  55. Web site: Preventing Future Crime and Preserving Judicial Resources Through Non-Traditional Prosecution. September 2016. Philadelphia District Attorney's Office. May 3, 2020. November 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107233543/http://phlcouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Pre-Trial-Diversion.Philadelphia.pdf. live.
  56. Web site: Jail to jobs, Mayor Bottoms announces new reentry program . Keith . Whitney . April 11, 2018 . . May 3, 2020. June 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223142/https://www.cbs46.com/news/jail-to-jobs-mayor-bottoms-announces-new-reentry-program/article_6e6caccf-6479-5f52-a451-db7d59adb70c.html. dead.
  57. News: Heather. Knight. City opens campaign to cut truancy by thousands of students. May 1, 2020. San Francisco Chronicle. October 19, 2004. October 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201006120353/https://www.sfgate.com/education/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Drive-to-keep-kids-in-school-2680486.php. live.
  58. News: Heather. Knight. City trying to get worst truants to school. Help for students, criminal prosecution part of crackdown. May 1, 2020. San Francisco Chronicle. September 14, 2006. August 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200820180349/https://www.sfgate.com/education/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-City-trying-to-get-worst-truants-2469689.php. live.
  59. News: Nanette. Asimov. Citations go to parents of truant kids. May 2, 2020. San Francisco Chronicle. June 11, 2008. August 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200812201245/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/S-F-cites-parents-of-chronically-truant-kids-3209547.php. live.
  60. News: Fighting truancy yields big dividends. May 2, 2020. San Francisco Chronicle. June 14, 2009. June 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223146/https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Fighting-truancy-yields-big-dividends-3295152.php. live.
  61. Web site: October 22, 2010. With L.A.'s help, Cooley leads in attorney general's race, Times/USC poll finds . Phil . Wilson . November 8, 2020. LA Times Blogs – PolitiCal. November 15, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201115041225/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2010/10/poll-california-attorney-general.html. live.
  62. News: Lagos. Marisa. October 27, 2010. Harris leads in at least one poll, Cooley supporters think Democrats will claim gov's office. SF Gate. November 8, 2020. November 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111081004/https://blog.sfgate.com/politics/2010/10/27/harris-leads-in-at-least-one-poll-cooley-supporters-think-democrats-will-claim-govs-office/. dead.
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  64. News: Kamala Harris Re-Elected As California Attorney General. Reilly. Mollie. November 5, 2014. HuffPost. August 19, 2020. May 25, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170525071358/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/05/kamala-harris-election-results_n_5819890.html. live.
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  142. News: Sloss. Jason. 'Utter despair': Sen. Harris visits migrant mothers separated from children in San Diego. November 9, 2018. Fox 5 San Diego. June 22, 2018. November 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181110040529/https://fox5sandiego.com/2018/06/22/sen-kamala-harris-to-visit-migrant-mothers-separated-from-children-in-san-diego/. live.
  143. News: Byrne. Trapper. Kamala Harris says DHS chief should resign over immigrant family separations. May 8, 2020. Advocate. June 18, 2018. June 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223144/https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Kamala-Harris-says-DHS-chief-should-resign-over-13004563.php. live.
  144. News: Zhou. Li. Kamala Harris's mysterious Kasowitz question during the Kavanaugh hearings, explained. May 4, 2020. Vox. September 6, 2018. June 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608223140/https://www.vox.com/2018/9/6/17826498/kamala-harris-kasowitz-question-kavanaugh-hearings. live.
  145. News: Ring. Trudy. FBI Head Stonewalls as Kamala Harris Grills Him on Kavanaugh Probe. November 9, 2018. Advocate. October 10, 2018. November 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181110083434/https://www.advocate.com/politics/2018/10/10/fbi-head-stonewalls-kamala-harris-grills-him-kavanaugh-probe. live.
  146. News: Stanton. Sam. McGough. Mike. Yoon-Hendricks. Alex. Suspicious package in Sacramento addressed to Sen. Kamala Harris, sources say. May 15, 2020. The Sacramento Bee. October 26, 2018. June 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200630131952/https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article220670830.html. live.
  147. News: Senate Unanimously Passes Bill Making Lynching a Federal Crime. Zaveri. Mihir. December 20, 2018. The New York Times. February 6, 2018. 0362-4331. December 20, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181220214541/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/lynching-federal-hate-crime.html. live.
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  149. News: Kamala Harris Calls for Federally Mandated Busing . John . McCormack . . July 1, 2019 . July 3, 2019 . November 7, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201107233234/https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/kamala-harris-calls-for-federally-mandated-busing/ . live .
  150. News: Harris says busing should be considered, not mandated . Alexandra . Jaffe . Thomas . Beaumont . . July 3, 2019 . July 4, 2019 . July 4, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190704020114/https://apnews.com/586b1e81cb684654b0cf689b9074c1cb . live .
  151. News: Kamala Harris vs. climate: Where she stands on the Green New Deal, fossil fuels and pollution . . 22 July 2024 . July 26, 2024 . July 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240727004333/https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/07/22/kamala-harris-vs-climate-where-she-stands-on-the-green-new-deal-fossil-fuels-and-pollution . live .
  152. Web site: 'Release the report. Release the report. Release the report.' 2020 Dems demand Mueller report be made public. NBC News. March 22, 2019. July 4, 2020. Clark. Dartunorro. May 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190520161929/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/2020-democrats-demand-mueller-report-be-made-public-n986511. live.
  153. News: Media beware: Impeachment hearings will be the trickiest test of covering Trump. Margaret. Sullivan. November 10, 2019. The Washington Post. November 11, 2019. November 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191110233140/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/media-beware-impeachment-hearings-will-be-the-trickiest-test-of-covering-trump/2019/11/08/1f2b0aac-0239-11ea-8501-2a7123a38c58_story.html. live.
  154. News: Senate Dems call on DOJ watchdog to investigate Barr. Marianne. Levine. April 30, 2019. Politico. August 19, 2020. August 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200802222637/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/30/william-barr-investigation-mueller-1293214. live.
  155. News: Mueller complained that Barr's letter did not capture 'context' of Trump probe. April 30, 2019. The Washington Post. May 16, 2020. April 30, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190430234349/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mueller-complained-that-barrs-letter-did-not-capture-context-of-trump-probe/2019/04/30/d3c8fdb6-6b7b-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html . Devlin . Barrett . Matt . Zapotosky . live.
  156. News: Barr defiant amid furor over his handling of Mueller report. Laura. Jarrett. CNN. May 2, 2019. August 19, 2020. August 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200809101319/https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/30/politics/bill-barr-hearing-congress-senate/index.html. live.
  157. News: Kamala Harris Guts Barr Like a Fish, Leaves Him Flopping on the Deck. Bess. Levin. Vanity Fair. May 1, 2019. August 19, 2020. June 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190606101726/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/05/kamala-harris-william-barr. live.
  158. News: Kamala Harris accuses Barr of not answering her question to avoid exposure to perjury. Veronica. Stracqualursi. CNN. May 2, 2019. August 19, 2020. July 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200730135802/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/02/politics/kamala-harris-bill-barr-hearing-cnntv/index.html. live.
  159. Web site: Barr defends himself amid calls for resignation, slights Mueller's 'snitty' letter. NBC News. May 1, 2019. July 4, 2020. Shabad. Rebecca. June 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200624155406/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/dems-grill-barr-amid-reports-mueller-s-frustration-n1000546. live.
  160. News: Harris urges DOJ watchdog to probe whether Trump asked Barr to investigate 'enemies'. Levine. Marianne. Politico. May 3, 2019. August 19, 2020. August 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200802213443/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/03/kamala-harris-barr-trump-1301502. live.
  161. Web site: Sherman . Amy . Kamala Harris says voter suppression kept Stacey Abrams, Andrew Gillum out of office. Really? . . September 20, 2021 . May 1, 2019 . September 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210921010122/https://www.politifact.com/article/2019/may/10/fact-checking-kamala-harris-claim-stacey-abrams-an/ . live .
  162. Web site: June 30, 2020. Calls for UN probe of China forced birth control on Uighurs. July 1, 2020. . December 10, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211210173041/https://apnews.com/98f18c964e66a8682a8e257e97714fd9. live.
  163. Harris and Blumenthal Demand Special Counsel to Investigate Failure to Preserve Evidence Within DHS and ICE . November 1, 2019 . U.S. Senator Kamala Harris of California . August 21, 2020 . December 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201218045811/https://www.harris.senate.gov/news/press-releases/harris-and-blumenthal-demand-special-counsel-to-investigate-failure-to-preserve-evidence-within-dhs-and-ice . dead .
  164. Web site: Joe Biden announces Kamala Harris as his running mate. Here is where she stands on LGBTQ issues. Davis. Georgia. August 11, 2020. GLAAD. August 21, 2020. January 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210115120439/https://www.glaad.org/blog/joe-biden-announces-kamala-harris-his-running-mate-here-where-she-stands-lgbtq-issues. live.
  165. News: Kamala Harris Leads Senators in Demanding 'Immediate Removal' Of Stephen Miller. Christopher. Mathias. HuffPost. December 9, 2019. August 19, 2020. August 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200802214720/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/stephen-miller-kamala-harris-senators-letter-white-nationalist_n_5ded8571e4b00563b8534265. live.
  166. News: Senate Judiciary Pauses Nominations for Impeachment Trial (1). Madison. Adler. Bloomberg Law. January 15, 2020. August 19, 2020. August 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200803014009/https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/senate-judiciary-pauses-nominations-for-impeachment-trial. live.
  167. Web site: Sen. Kamala Harris calls for halt to advancement of judicial nominees; is it happening?. ABA Journal. January 16, 2020. July 4, 2020. Weiss. Debra Cassens. July 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200705080641/https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/kamala-harris-calls-for-halt-to-advancement-of-judicial-nominees-during-impeachment-proceedings. live.
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  169. Web site: Rand Paul and Kamala Harris Team Up to Reform Bail Practices. Hamilton. Dawchelle. September 10, 2017 . NBC News. April 27, 2019. March 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190323081855/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/rand-paul-kamala-harris-team-reform-bail-practices-n794031. live.
  170. Web site: Lawmakers gather behind election security bill – at last. Matishak. Martin. Politico. March 22, 2018. April 27, 2019. March 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190326054720/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/22/election-security-bill-congress-437472. live.
  171. Web site: Two Women Senators Will Introduce A New Bill About Workplace Harassment. Hensley-Clancy. Molly. BuzzFeedNews. June 5, 2018. April 27, 2019. April 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190421154604/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/mollyhensleyclancy/kamala-harris-lisa-murkowski-sexual-harassment-nda-bill. live.
  172. News: Thank you, California. . Harris . Kamala . Medium.com . January 18, 2021 . December 22, 2020 . January 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210118153454/https://medium.com/@SenKamalaHarris/thank-you-california-d89ff421a0a4 . live .
  173. News: Newsom taps California election chief Padilla for US Senate . Ronayne . Kathleen . Associated Press . December 22, 2020 . December 22, 2020 . December 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201222181046/https://apnews.com/article/senate-elections-elections-california-alex-padilla-gavin-newsom-862028e7aef12cb995db549b7707cf7b . live .
  174. News: Kamala Harris nabs national security, environment assignments in the U.S. Senate. John. Myers. December 19, 2016. Los Angeles Times. April 22, 2020. May 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200514012749/https://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-201612-htmlstory.html. live.
  175. Web site: Schumer Announces Updated Senate Democratic Committee Memberships for the 115th Congress, 2nd Session. democrats.senate.gov. January 9, 2018 . January 10, 2018. January 10, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180110174605/https://www.democrats.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/schumer-announces-updated-senate-democratic-committee-memberships-for-the-115th-congress-2nd-session. live.
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  179. Web site: Sen. Kamala Harris not ruling out 2020 White House run. NBC News. June 24, 2018. July 4, 2020. Hunt. Kasie. August 31, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200831171024/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/sen-kamala-harris-not-ruling-out-2020-white-house-run-n886166. live.
  180. Web site: Kamala Harris signs book deal amid 2020 speculation. Eric. Bradner. July 17, 2018 . October 12, 2018. October 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008150735/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/17/politics/kamala-harris-book-deal/index.html. live.
  181. News: Kamala Harris to run for president in 2020. Reston. Maeve. January 21, 2019. CNN. January 21, 2019. January 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190121145202/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/21/politics/kamala-harris-president-2020/index.html. live.
  182. Web site: Kamala Harris raises $1.5 million in first 24 hours . May 3, 2022 . Politico . January 22, 2019 . February 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210219221514/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/22/kamala-harris-15-million-first-day-1119125 . live .
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  184. News: Kamala Harris kicks off 2020 campaign with hometown Oakland rally. The Guardian. Beckett. Lois. January 27, 2019. July 4, 2019. October 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201005092739/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/27/kamala-harris-2020-campaign-oakland-rally-democrats. live.
  185. News: Flegenheimer. Matt. Burns. Alexander. Kamala Harris Makes the Case That Joe Biden Should Pass That Torch to Her. The New York Times. June 27, 2019. November 8, 2020. October 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008112030/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/27/us/politics/kamala-harris-busing-joe-biden.html. live.
  186. News: CNN Poll: Harris and Warren rise and Biden slides after first Democratic debates. July 1, 2019. CNN. Agiesta. Jennifer. November 8, 2020. October 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201010211931/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/01/politics/2020-democratic-candidates-poll/index.html. live.
  187. Web site: Tulsi Gabbard Takes Kamala Harris To Task On Marijuana Prosecution Record. Alanna. Vagianos. July 31, 2019. HuffPost. November 8, 2020. October 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008025402/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tulsi-gabbard-kamala-harris-criminal-justice-record_n_5d424340e4b0aca3411841fb. live.
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  189. Web site: Polls Since The Second Debate Show Kamala Harris Slipping. Silver. Nate. August 7, 2019. FiveThirtyEight. August 25, 2019. October 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201010055757/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/polls-since-the-second-debate-show-kamala-harris-slipping/. live.
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  192. Web site: Cohen . Luc . July 24, 2024 . As a prosecutor, Harris mixed criminal justice reform with tough-on-crime approach . Reuters.
  193. Web site: Dolan. Maura. California AG Kamala Harris to appeal ruling against death penalty. Los Angeles Times. August 21, 2014. November 8, 2020. October 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201014113322/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-death-penalty-appeal-20140821-story.html. live.
  194. News: Zakrzewski. Cat. August 13, 2020. Kamala Harris is already facing online attacks in her bid for the vice presidency. August 15, 2020. The Washington Post. October 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201005223031/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/08/13/technology-202-kamala-harris-is-already-facing-online-attacks-bid-vice-presidency/. live.
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  199. News: Wootson. Cleve R. Jr. . 8 March 2020 . Sen. Kamala D. Harris endorses Joe Biden for president. March 9, 2020. The Washington Post. October 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008143020/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/03/08/2182dfca-6137-11ea-b3fc-7841686c5c57_story.html. live.
  200. News: 'A dream ticket': Black lawmakers pitch Biden-Harris to beat Trump. Politico. Caygle. Heather. May 12, 2019. May 3, 2020. October 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008213806/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/12/joe-biden-kamala-harris-dream-ticket-1317561. live.
  201. Web site: Clyburn calls for Democrats to 'shut this primary down' if Biden has big night. NBC News. March 10, 2020. July 4, 2020. Timm. Jane C.. Gregorian. Dareh. July 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200730170328/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/clyburn-calls-democrats-shut-primary-down-if-biden-has-big-n1155131. live.
  202. News: Joe Biden commits to picking a woman as his running mate. Axios. March 16, 2020. May 3, 2020. October 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008164423/https://www.axios.com/joe-biden-woman-running-mate-6add0a5b-2600-43b0-8e83-b38d74042881.html. live.
  203. News: Kamala Harris 'would be honored' to be Joe Biden's running mate. Joe. Garofoli. Tal. Kopan. San Francisco Chronicle. April 17, 2020. May 3, 2020. October 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008010206/https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Kamala-Harris-would-be-honored-to-be-Joe-15209050.php. live.
  204. News: Minneapolis unrest shakes up VP shortlist. Marc. Caputo. Natasha. Korecki. Politico. May 31, 2020. May 31, 2020. October 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201005105118/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/31/joe-biden-vice-president-george-floyd-291063. live.
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  206. News: Zeleny. Jeff. Merica. Dan. Lee. MJ. Nation's reckoning on race looms large over final month of Biden's running mate search. CNN. June 26, 2020. June 27, 2020. October 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009131646/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/26/politics/joe-biden-running-mate/index.html. live.
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  213. News: Harris bursts through another barrier, becoming the first female, first Black and first South Asian vice president-elect. Brandon. Tensley. Wright. Jasmine. CNN. November 7, 2020. November 8, 2020. November 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107194833/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/07/politics/kamala-harris-first-vice-president-female-black-south-asian/index.html. live.
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  216. News: August 12, 2020. Here Are The 'Firsts' Kamala Harris Represents With VP Candidacy. Andrew. Solender. Harris would not be the first person of color to serve as vice president. That honor belongs to Charles Curtis, President Herbert Hoover's No. 2.. Forbes. November 8, 2020. September 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200902023222/https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2020/08/12/here-are-the-firsts-kamala-harris-represents-with-vp-candidacy/. live.
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  220. News: Singh . Maanvi . Greve . Joan E. . Belam . Martin . McKernan . Bethan . Levine . Sam . Kamala Harris breaks Senate tie to begin Covid relief package debate – as it happened . The Guardian . March 5, 2021 . March 5, 2021 . 0261-3077 . March 6, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210306133828/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2021/mar/04/voting-rights-police-reform-george-floyd-for-the-people-joe-biden-covid-coronavirus-live . live .
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  225. Web site: Lebowitz. Megan. Thorp. Frank. Santaliz. Kate. Vice President Harris breaks record for casting the most tie-breaking votes. NBC News. December 5, 2023. December 5, 2023. December 5, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231205185108/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/president-harris-breaks-record-casting-tie-breaking-votes-rcna123999. live.
  226. News: Miller . Zeke . November 19, 2021 . Biden to have routine colonoscopy, transfer power to Harris . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119212925/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-health-jen-psaki-70d7e5903ea41636ee6bbe829fa082a2 . November 19, 2021 . November 19, 2021 . Associated Press . Bethesda, MD.
  227. News: Feinberg . Andrew . November 19, 2021 . 'First woman president': Kamala Harris makes history when she briefly assumes powers of presidency during Biden procedure . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119195940/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/joe-biden-president-kamala-harris-b1960913.html . November 19, 2021 . November 19, 2021 . . Washington, DC.
  228. News: Pengelly . Martin . November 19, 2021 . Kamala Harris takes on presidential role – briefly – as Biden has colonoscopy . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119203654/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/19/kamala-harris-presidential-powers-biden-colonoscopy . November 19, 2021 . November 19, 2021 . The Guardian.
  229. Web site: Dorman . John L. . Kamala Harris' staff turnover driven by burnout and apprehension to being labeled a 'Harris person': Axios . 4 December 2021 . July 23, 2024 . Business Insider . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725005233/https://www.businessinsider.com/kamala-harris-staff-turnover-office-burnout-opportunities-pigeonholed-2024-democrats-2021-12 . live .
  230. News: Egan . Lauren . Gutierrez . Gabe . Gregorian . Dareh . Biden tasks Harris with 'stemming the migration' on southern border . March 24, 2021 . July 22, 2024 . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725005245/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-taps-harris-lead-coordination-efforts-southern-border-n1261952 . live . NBC News . A senior administration official said Harris' role would focus on 'two tracks': both curbing the current flow of migrants and implementing a long-term strategy that addresses the root causes of migration..
  231. News: Harris to lead administration's efforts to stem migration at border . . March 24, 2021 . Tim . Perry . Ed . O'Keefe . Camilo . Montoya-Galvez . July 28, 2024 . She [the vice president] is really going to look at two tracks. She is going to work first on the goal of stemming the flow of irregular migrants to the US, but also at the same time, and as part of the broader context, her real goal is establishment of a strategic partnership with these countries that is based on respect and shared values. . July 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240728132526/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kamala-harris-immigration-lead-mexico-border-biden-administration/ . live .
  232. Web site: Chen . Shawna . Harris to visit Mexico and Guatemala to address 'root causes' of border crossings . . July 24, 2024 . April 14, 2021 . Harris, appointed by Biden as border czar, said she would be looking at the 'root causes' that drive migration . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725010739/https://www.axios.com/2021/04/14/harris-immigration-visit-mexico-guatemala . live .
  233. News: Transcripts . CNN . June 25, 2021 . Ed . Lavandera . Well, the vice president is expected to land here in El Paso in about an hour and a half. It will be a four-hour visit. And this will be her first visit to the U.S./Mexico border region since she was appointed as the border czar by President Biden. . July 28, 2024 . July 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240731093625/http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/2106/25/nday.06.html . live .
  234. News: March 24, 2021 . Biden tasks Harris with tackling migrant influx on US–Mexico border . July 25, 2024 . BBC News . US President Joe Biden has put Vice-President Kamala Harris in charge of controlling migration at the southern border following a big influx of new arrivals. Mr Biden said he was giving her a 'tough job' but that she was 'the most qualified person to do it'. […] Announcing Ms Harris's appointment as his immigration czar . July 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240727150933/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56516332 . live .
  235. Web site: Paz . Christian . Kamala Harris and the border: The myth and the facts . . July 18, 2024 . If Vice President Kamala Harris becomes the Democratic presidential nominee, Republicans have a ready-made case against her: They can say she was President Joe Biden's 'border czar,' in charge of immigration and the border, and she failed ... There's just one problem. The vice president was never in charge of the border. . July 22, 2024 . July 22, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240722142513/https://www.vox.com/politics/361635/kamala-harris-border-czar-immigration-mexico-guatemala-rnc . live .
  236. Bergengruen . Vera . July 23, 2024 . Kamala Harris Wasn't the 'Border Czar.' Here's What She Did . Time . July 27, 2024 . July 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240727120848/https://time.com/7001817/kamala-harris-immigration/ . live .
  237. Web site: Keith . Tamara . June 25, 2021 . Harris Visits The Southern Border After Trying To Keep The Focus Away From It . July 28, 2024 . NPR . July 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240731093610/https://www.npr.org/2021/06/25/1009939218/harris-is-visiting-the-southern-border-after-trying-to-keep-the-focus-away-from- . live .
  238. News: Alvarez . Priscilla . February 6, 2023 . Harris' mission to tackle migration root causes scores big money support but border crossings remain high . July 28, 2024 . CNN . July 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240703163607/https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2023/02/06/politics/kamala-harris-migration . live .
  239. News: Wootson . Cleve R. Jr. . April 16, 2021 . Republicans try to crown Harris the 'border czar.' She rejects the title . July 27, 2024 . The Washington Post . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725124219/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/harris-gop-border/2021/04/16/c3a2f63e-9e24-11eb-8005-bffc3a39f6d3_story.html . live .
  240. Web site: Kight . Stef W. . July 24, 2024 . Harris border confusion haunts her new campaign . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240724080958/https://www.axios.com/2024/07/24/kamala-harris-border-czar-immigratin . July 24, 2024 . July 24, 2024 . . The announcement led to near-immediate confusion in the media and in the White House over how involved Harris would be, with Republicans and some news outlets, including Axios, giving Harris the unofficial monicker of 'border czar.' ... This article has been updated and clarified to note that Axios was among the news outlets that incorrectly labeled Harris a 'border czar' in 2021..
  241. Web site: Uribe . Maria Ramirez . July 24, 2024 . 'Border czar'? GOP talking point distorts VP Harrris' role . July 26, 2024 . politifact . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725234440/https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2024/jul/24/republican-national-committee-republican/border-czar-kamala-harris-assigned-to-tackle-immig/ . live .
  242. News: Dale . Daniel . July 25, 2024 . Fact check: Trump made at least 10 false claims about Kamala Harris in a single rally speech . July 27, 2024 . CNN . July 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240727000235/https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/25/politics/fact-check-trump-false-claims-kamala-harris/index.html . live .
  243. News: Schnell . Mychael . July 25, 2024 . House GOP approves resolution condemning Kamala Harris as 'border czar' . July 27, 2024 . The Hill.
  244. News: Ulloa . Jazmine . Nehamas . Nicholas . July 18, 2024 . Why Republicans Keep Calling Kamala Harris the 'Border Czar' . July 28, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . July 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240728134206/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/17/us/politics/kamala-harris-border-czar.html . live .
  245. News: Egan . Lauren . Harris takes first steps onto world stage, into migration spotlight . . June 7, 2021 . June 9, 2021 . June 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210617215045/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/harris-takes-her-first-steps-world-stage-migration-policy-spotlight-n1269789 . live .
  246. News: Rodriguez . Sabrina . Harris' blunt message in Guatemala: 'Do not come' to U.S. . . June 7, 2021 . June 9, 2021 . September 11, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210911174620/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/07/harris-message-in-guatemala-do-not-come-492047 . live .
  247. News: Rothkopf . David . December 17, 2021 . Kamala's Conundrum: She's Doing a Great Job But Her Story's Not Getting Out . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220102182753/https://www.thedailybeast.com/kamala-harris-conundrum-shes-doing-a-great-job-but-her-storys-not-getting-out . January 2, 2022 . January 2, 2022 . The Daily Beast.
  248. News: Rogers. Katie. November 10, 2021. Harris Meets Macron, Signaling a 'New Era' After Sub Snub, Both Say. The New York Times. https://web.archive.org/web/20211110225005/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/10/world/europe/france-kamala-harris-macron.html . November 10, 2021 . subscription . live. January 2, 2022. 0362-4331.
  249. Web site: Cowing . Keith . November 30, 2022 . Vice President Harris' Meeting At NASA With President Macron . July 23, 2024 . SpaceRef . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725004354/https://spaceref.com/science-and-exploration/vice-president-harris-meeting-at-nasa-with-president-macron/ . live .
  250. News: Bice . Allie . April 25, 2021 . Harris says she had key role in Biden's Afghanistan withdrawal decision . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210823064520/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/25/harris-afghanistan-biden-withdrawal-decision-484581 . August 23, 2021 . August 20, 2021 . Politico.
  251. News: Tomlinson . Hugh . March 17, 2022 . Fresh woe for Kamala Harris as another adviser quits . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220318063019/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/fresh-woe-for-kamala-harris-as-another-adviser-quits-zssczgzlt . March 18, 2022 . March 18, 2022 . The Times.
  252. News: April 26, 2023 . Yoon, Harris agree to strengthen 'space alliance' in visit to NASA center . . July 24, 2024 . July 23, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240723190739/https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2023/04/26/national/politics/Korea-Yoon-Suk-Yeol-space-cooperation/20230426081803875.html . live .
  253. News: US will not impose conditions on support for Israel to defend itself – VP Harris . William . James . Reuters . November 2, 2023 . June 16, 2024 . March 12, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240312135636/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-will-not-impose-conditions-support-israel-defend-itself-vp-harris-2023-11-02/ . live .
  254. News: US VP Harris calls for 'immediate' Gaza truce in rare rebuke of Israel . Al Jazeera . March 4, 2024 . June 16, 2024 . May 24, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240524163658/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/4/us-vp-harris-calls-for-immediate-gaza-ceasefire-in-rare-rebuke-of-israel . live .
  255. Web site: Weiner . Chloe . May 28, 2021 . Vice President Harris Becomes The First Woman To Speak At U.S. Navy Commencement . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240516141910/https://www.npr.org/2021/05/28/1001216860/vice-president-harris-becomes-the-first-woman-to-speak-at-u-s-navy-commencement . May 16, 2024 . June 3, 2024 . NPR.
  256. Web site: Bowman . Emma . Kim . Juliana . May 27, 2023 . VP Harris becomes the first woman to give a West Point commencement speech . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240603182454/https://www.npr.org/2023/05/26/1178512667/kamala-harris-west-point-commencement-address . June 3, 2024 . June 3, 2024 . NPR.
  257. News: Cadelago . Christopher . Lippman . Daniel . Daniels . Eugene . December 4, 2021 . 'Not a healthy environment': Kamala Harris' office rife with dissent . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220624123821/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/30/kamala-harris-office-dissent-497290 . June 24, 2022 . June 27, 2022 . .
  258. News: Alexi . McCammond . Sarah . Mucha . Burnout, money, fear drive turnover in Harris's office . https://web.archive.org/web/20240221191337/https://www.axios.com/2021/12/03/harris-turnover . February 21, 2024 . Axios . December 3, 2021 . August 18, 2024 .
  259. News: Fossett . Katelyn . What's going on with Kamala's poll numbers? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131143808/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/women-rule/2021/11/12/whats-going-on-with-kamalas-poll-numbers-495086 . 12 November 2021 . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . Politico .
  260. News: Ting . Eric . November 8, 2021 . Kamala Harris has a comically bad approval rating, poll finds . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230131143807/https://www.sfgate.com/national-politics/article/Kamala-Harris-approval-rating-poll-history-Biden-16602512.php . January 31, 2023 . January 31, 2023 . .
  261. Web site: Oshin . Olafimihan . June 26, 2023 . Poll: Kamala Harris sets record low for Vice President net favorability . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230627015642/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/4069023-poll-kamala-harris-sets-record-low-for-vice-president-net-favorability/ . June 27, 2023 . June 26, 2023 . The Hill.
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  263. News: DeLetter . Emily . 'You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?' Kamala Harris meme resurfaces after Biden drops out . July 22, 2024 . USA Today . July 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240721231308/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/07/21/coconut-tree-meme-kamala-harris/74466581007/ . live .
  264. News: Touma . Rafqa . Cassidy . Caitlin . July 22, 2024 . What is the Kamala Harris coconut tree meme and why is everyone sharing it? . July 22, 2024 . The Guardian . July 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240731093605/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/article/2024/jul/22/kamala-harris-coconut-tree-meme . live .
  265. News: Amanda . Hess . July 23, 2024 . The Triumphant Comeback of the Kamala Harris Meme . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240723165630/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/23/arts/kamala-harris-tiktok-trump.html . July 23, 2024 . July 23, 2024 . The New York Times.
  266. News: What's in Kamala Harris's laugh?. The Washington Post. July 31, 2024. Judkis. Maura. Voght. Kara. August 2, 2024. July 31, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240731123220/https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/power/2024/07/31/kamala-harris-laugh/. live.
  267. News: Kamala Harris defends 'cackle' derided by her rivals. Southern. Keiran. April 30, 2024. The Times. August 2, 2024. August 2, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240802205027/https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/kamala-harris-drew-barrymore-interview-laugh-v0nn2v5tr. live.
  268. News: Samuels . Brett . Gangitano . Alex . July 21, 2024 . Biden Endorses Harris as Democratic Nominee After Ending His Candidacy . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240723214700/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4784460-joe-biden-endorses-kamala-harris/ . 23 July 2024 . . 24 July 2024.
  269. News: Gamio . Lazaro . Keefe . John . Kim . June . McFadden . Alyce . Park . Andrew . Yourish . Karen . July 22, 2024 . Many Elected Democrats Quickly Endorsed Kamala Harris. See Who Did. . July 22, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . July 22, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240722072026/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/07/22/us/politics/kamala-harris-democrats-endorsement-list.html . live .
  270. News: The Democrats who have endorsed Kamala Harris to replace Biden as nominee . Hayden . Godfrey . Adrián . Blanco . Kati . Perry . Hannah . Dormido . Eric . Lau . August 5, 2024 . The Washington Post.
  271. Web site: Davis . Ebony . July 26, 2024 . Barack and Michelle Obama endorse Kamala Harris for president . August 5, 2024 . CNN . August 5, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240805160641/https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/26/politics/barack-michelle-obama-kamala-harris-endorsement/index.html . live .
  272. News: Bluestein . Greg . August 3, 2024 . Jimmy Carters next goal is voting for Kamala Harris for president . August 3, 2024 . . August 3, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240803125750/https://www.ajc.com/politics/jimmy-carters-next-goal-is-voting-for-kamala-harris/UKCLDIUSSJC6JM4NP7HGOEDCNY/ . live .
  273. News: Samuels . Brett . July 22, 2024 . Harris breaks 24-hour fundraising record after Biden drops out . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240722220814/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4786610-harris-breaks-fundraising-record/ . July 22, 2024 . July 22, 2024 . The Hill.
  274. News: July 21, 2024 . Harris could become the first female president after years of breaking racial and gender barriers . Chris . Megerian . August 6, 2024 . Associated Press . August 7, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240807074158/https://apnews.com/article/kamala-harris-president-democrat-biden-96df4c46fab767269056511037776b15 . live .
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  276. Web site: Kamala Harris Once Dated Talk Show Host Montel Williams. Inside Edition. August 8, 2019. August 8, 2020. May 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210518081741/https://www.insideedition.com/kamala-harris-once-dated-talk-show-host-montel-williams-55097. live.
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  278. News: Wright. Jasmine. November 20, 2021. Second family becomes first to affix a mezuzah on executive home'. January 18, 2024. CNN.
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  281. Web site: Sen. Kamala Harris on Being 'Momala'. Harris. Kamala. May 10, 2019. Elle.com. May 11, 2019. August 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200812185005/https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a27422434/kamala-harris-stepmom-mothers-day/. live.
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  283. Web site: Kamala Harris talks about her own faith and how it might influence a Biden-Harris White House. November 9, 2020. Mwaura. Maina. Religion News Service. October 28, 2020. November 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107114102/https://religionnews.com/2020/10/28/kamala-harris-talks-about-her-own-faith-and-how-it-might-influence-a-biden-harris-white-house/. live.
  284. News: Harris brings Baptist, interfaith roots to Democratic ticket. August 13, 2020. Schor. Elana. Washington post. August 12, 2020. September 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200903200811/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/harris-brings-baptist-interfaith-roots-to-democratic-ticket/2020/08/12/2d319e6a-dc57-11ea-b4f1-25b762cdbbf4_story.html. live.
  285. Web site: 5 faith facts about Biden's veep pick, Kamala Harris – a Baptist with Hindu family . Yonat . Shimron . 12 August 2020 . August 13, 2020. The Salt Lake Tribune. August 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200812175945/https://www.sltrib.com/religion/2020/08/12/faith-facts-about-bidens/. live.
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