Kalyptorhynchia Explained

Kalyptorhynchia is a suborder of rhabdocoel flatworms. It contains almost 600 species and has a cosmopolitan distribution.[1]

Description

All kalyptorhynchs have an anterior muscular proboscis which is used to capture prey. The proboscis is located inside an invagination of the epidermis called the proboscis-sheath that is closed by a sphincter at the tip of the body. Another synapomorphy supporting the group is the incorporation of the axonemes within the cell body of sperm cells during spermiogenesis.[2]

Classification

Kalyptorhynchs are traditionally classified into two infraorders: Eukalyptorhynchia, with a cone-shaped proboscis, and Schizorhynchia, with a proboscis formed by two opposite parallel muscular sheets. However, molecular studies have shown that Eukalyptorhynchia is not a monophyletic group and further studies are necessary to improve the knowledge about the relationships of the different kalyptorhynch clades.

Notes and References

  1. Smith . Julian P. S., III . Litvaitis . Marian K. . Gobert . Stefan . Uyeno . Theodore . Artois . Tom . Evolution and Functional Morphology of the Proboscis in Kalyptorhynchia (Platyhelminthes) . Integrative and Comparative Biology . 55 . 2 . 2015 . 205–216 . 1540-7063 . 10.1093/icb/icv056. 26002347 . 4612338 .
  2. Willems . Wim R. . Wallberg . Andreas . Jondelius . Ulf . Littlewood . David T. J. . Backeljau . Thierry . Schockaert . Ernest R. . Artois . Tom J. . Filling a gap in the phylogeny of flatworms: relationships within the Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes), inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences . Zoologica Scripta . 35 . 1 . 2006 . 1–17 . 0300-3256 . 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00216.x. 1942/1609 . 85917387 . free .