| Native Name: | Калужская губерния |
| Conventional Long Name: | Kaluga Governorate |
| Subdivision: | Governorate |
| Nation: | the Russian Empire |
| Year Start: | 1796 |
| Date Start: | 12 December |
| Year End: | 1929 |
| Date End: | 1 October |
| P1: | Kaluga Viceroyalty |
| S1: | Kaluga Oblast |
| Capital: | Kaluga |
| Stat Pop1: | 1,132,843[1] |
| Stat Area1: | 28,993 |
| Stat Year1: | 1897 |
| Image Map Caption: | Location in the Russian Empire |
Kaluga Governorate (Russian: Калужская губерния|Kaluzhskaya guberniya) was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed in 1796–1929.[2] Its capital was Kaluga.[3]
Kaluga Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses):
At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Kaluga Governorate had a population of 1,132,843. Of these, 99.4% spoke Russian, 0.2% Polish, 0.1% Yiddish, 0.1% Ukrainian, 0.1% Belarusian and 0.1% German as their native language.[4]