| Kalmyk cattle | |
| Image Alt: | a sepia photograph of a bull |
| Country: | western Mongolia, southern Altai |
| Use: | Livestock |
| Maleweight: | 720 kg |
| Femaleweight: | 430 kg |
| Femaleheight: | 126 cm |
| Maleheight: | 135 cm |
| Coat: | red of various shades; white markings on head, belly and legs; pale muzzle |
| Horn: | horned; short, upward pointing |
| Subspecies: | taurus |
Kalmyk cattle (Russian: Калмыцкая, Kalmytskaya) is a breed of beef cattle of the former Soviet Union, now found in the Russian Federation, in Kazakhstan and in Tajikistan. It is believed to have originated in Dzungaria, and to have been brought into south-eastern Russia by migrating Kalmyks in the seventeenth century.
It is believed that the Kalmyk originated in Dzungaria, and was brought into south-eastern Russia by migrating Kalmyks in the seventeenth century.
In 1980 the total population of the breed in the Soviet Union was estimated at, of which were purebred. In 2023 the Kalmyk was reported to DAD-IS by the Russian Federation, and by Kazakhstan and Tajikistan; no population data was reported, and the conservation status of the breed in those countries was 'unknown'.
The Kalmyk is compact and of medium size: the average bodyweight for cows is, for bulls ; average heights are and respectively. The coat is red, in varying shades, with white markings to the head, belly, and legs. The head is small, with a long face and short horns.