Kallokibotion Explained

Kallokibotion is an extinct genus of stem-turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, 86–66 million years ago), known from fossils found in Romania.[1] One species is known, Kallokibotion bajazidi, which was named by Franz Nopcsa after his lover Bajazid Doda.[2] [3] It literally means beautiful box of Bajazid'; Nopcsa chose the name because, in the words of British palaeontologist Gareth Dyke, "the shape of the shell reminded him of Bajazid's arse". A second undescribed species is known from the Santonian of Hungary.[4] Turtles similar to Kallokibotion were reported from the Paleocene of France[5] and the Lower Maastrichtian of Volgograd Oblast, Russia,[6] but these similarities were dismissed later.[5] [7]

Description

Kallokibotion reached in carapace length. There are jagged ornaments on its shell.[1]

Taxonomy

A fossil of this turtle was mistakenly described as a pterosaur of the genus Thalassodromeus in 2014.[8] In 1992, it was identified as a basal cryptodire, and as a meiolaniid in the early 2010's.[1] Later phylogenetic analysis based on characters described from new specimens places Kallokibotion as the sister taxon of the crown testudines.[9] A 2021 analysis placed Kallokibotion in Compsemydidae within Paracryptodira.[10]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Hans-Dieter Sues. The Rise of Reptiles. 320 Million Years of Evolution. Johns Hopkins University Press. August 6, 2019. 54. 9781421428680.
  2. The Transylvanian turtle, Kallokibotion, a primitive cryptodire of Cretaceous Age. American Museum Novitates . 3040. Gaffney. Eugene S.. Meylan. Peter A.. 1992 . 2246/5005.
  3. Book: Pickrell, John. Weird Dinosaurs: The Strange New Fossils Challenging Everything We Thought We Knew. 2017-03-28. Columbia University Press. 9780231543392. en.
  4. Botfalvai. Gábor. Ősi. Attila. Mindszenty. Andrea. Taphonomic and paleoecologic investigations of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian) Iharkút vertebrate assemblage (Bakony Mts, Northwestern Hungary). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 417. 2015. 379–405. 0031-0182. 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.09.032. 2015PPP...417..379B.
  5. Book: Márton Rabi, Vremir Matyas, Haiyan Tong. Preliminary Overview of Late Cretaceous Turtle Diversity in Eastern Central Europe (Austria, Hungary, and Romania) . Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology . 2013. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258286474. Morphology and Evolution of Turtles. 307-336. 10.1007/978-94-007-4309-0_19. 978-94-007-4308-3 .
  6. A. O. Averianov, A. A. Yarkov. 2004. Carnivorous dinosaurs (Saurischia, Theropoda) from the Maastrichtian of the Volga-Don Interfluve, Russia. Paleontological Journal. 38. 1. 78-82. https://web.archive.org/web/20240305115625/https://repository.geologyscience.ru/bitstream/handle/123456789/39408/Aver_04.pdf?sequence=1. 2024-03-05. live.
  7. Zoltán Csiki-Sava, Eric Buffetaut, Attila Ősi, Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola, Stephen L. Brusatte. 2015. Island life in the Cretaceous - Faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of landliving vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. ZooKeys. 469. 1–161 . 10.3897/zookeys.469.8439. free . 25610343 . 4296572 . 2015ZooK..469....1C .
  8. 10.1016/j.gr.2014.08.004. Dyke . G. J.. Gareth J. Dyke. Vremir. M.. Brusatte. S.. Bever. G.. Buffetaut. E.. Chapman. S.. Csiki-Sava. Z.. Kellner. A. W. A.. Martin. E.. Naish. D.. Darren Naish. Norell. M. Ősi. A.. Pinheiro. F. L.. Prondvai. E.. Rabi. M.. Rodrigues. T.. Steel. L.. Tong. H.. Vila Nova. B. C. . Witton. M. . Thalassodromeus sebesensis—a new name for an old turtle. Comment on Thalassodromeus sebesensis, an out of place and out of time Gondwanan tapejarid pterosaur', Grellet-Tinner and Codrea. Gondwana Research. 27 . 4 . 1680–1682 . 2014.
  9. New insights on the anatomy and systematics of Kallokibotion Nopcsa, 1923, the enigmatic uppermost Cretaceous basal turtle (stem Testudines) from Transylvania . Adán Pérez-García . Vlad Codrea . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 182 . 2 . 2018 . 419–443 . 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx037 .
  10. Rollot. Yann. Evers. Serjoscha W.. Joyce. Walter G.. December 2021. A redescription of the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) turtle Uluops uluops and a new phylogenetic hypothesis of Paracryptodira. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology. en. 140. 1. 23. 10.1186/s13358-021-00234-y. 1664-2376. free. 34721284 . 8550081. 2021SwJP..140...23R .

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