Kalhora dynasty explained

Subdivision:Dynasty
Nation:Sindh
Conventional Long Name:Kalhora dynasty
Common Name:Kalhora
Year Start:1701
Year End:1783
P1:Thatta Subah
S1:Talpur dynasty
Flag S1:Flag of Talpur dynasty.gif
Capital:Khudabad (1710–1768) Haiderabad (1768–1783)
Government Type:Nobility
Title Leader:Amir and nawab
Leader1:Mian Yar Muhammad Khan Kalhoro
Year Leader1:1701-1719
Leader2:Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro
Year Leader2:1775-1782

The Kalhora dynasty (Sindhi: {{Naskh|ڪلهوڙا خاندان) was a Sindhi Muslim Kalhora tribe dynasty based in the region of Sindh, present day Pakistan. The dynasty governed much of Sindh between 1701 and 1783 from their capital of Khudabad, before shifting to Hyderabad from 1768 onwards. They were assigned to hold authority by the Mughal Grand Vizier Mirza Ghazi Beg.

Kalhora governance of Sindh began around the start of the 18th century when Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was invested with title of Khuda Yar Khan and was made subedar of Upper Sindh by royal decree of the Mughals. Later, after his death, his son was additionally appointed subedar of Sehwan and thus oversaw most of Sindh.[1]

The Kalhora dynasty succumbed during the invasion of Nadir Shah. Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro reorganised and consolidated his power, but his son lost control of Sindh and was overthrown by Talpurs amirs. Abdul Nabi Kalhoro was the last Kalhora ruler.[1]

Rulers

Personal NameReignNotes
FromUntil
Yar Muhammad Kalhoro17001720Younger son of Nasir Kalhora
Noor Mohammad Kalhoro17201756Son of Yaar Muhammad.
Sultan and Sufi Saint of Kalhoro Dynasty.
Kolhora Dynasty Declared as an Independent State by Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah in 1736.
Muhammad Muradyab Kalhoro17561758Son of Noor Muhammad.
Ghulam Shah Kalhoro17581772Son of Noor Muhammad.
Sarfaraz Kalhoro17721775Son of Ghulam Shah.
Abdul Nabi Kalhoro17751782Son of Sarfaraz Kalhoro.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Sarah F. D. Ansari. Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947. 31 January 1992. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-40530-0. 32–34.