Kairiru language explained

Kairiru
Region:East Sepik Province, northern Papua New Guinea
Speakers:3,200
Date:2000 census
Ref:e18
Familycolor:Austronesian
Fam3:Oceanic
Fam4:Western Oceanic
Fam5:Schouten
Fam6:Kairiru–Manam
Fam7:Kairiru
Iso3:kxa
Glotto:kair1263
Glottorefname:Kairiru

Kairiru is one of three Kairiru languages spoken mainly on Kairiru and Mushu islands and in several coastal villages on the mainland between Cape Karawop and Cape Samein near Wewak in East Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea.

Phonology

Consonants

BilabialAlveolarPost-
alveolar
VelarBack-
velar
Plosivebtk
Affricate
Fricativevoicelessɸs(ʃ)
voicedβ
Nasalmnɲŋ
Laterall
Rhoticɾr(ɻ)
Approximantwj

Vowels

FrontCentralBack
Highiu
Mide(ə)o
Lowa

Morphology

Pronouns and person markers

One remarkable feature of the pronoun system of Kairiru is that it appears to have lost the distinction between first-person inclusive and exclusive pronouns throughout its affix paradigms, but then recreated inclusive forms in its independent pronouns by combining first-person and second-person forms along the lines of Tok Pisin Tok Pisin: yumi (< Tok Pisin: yu + Tok Pisin: mi). The inclusive-exclusive distinction is almost universal among Austronesian languages but generally lacking in Papuan languages.

Free pronouns

PersonSingularPluralDual
1st person inclusivetaqamtuyieq
1st person exclusivekyauqaittu
2nd personyieqqamqum
3rd personeirrirru

Genitive pronouns

PersonSingularPluralDual
1st person inclusivetaqaittaqatu
1st person exclusivewokyautamoittaqatu
2nd personyieqayieqmaqammoqum
3rd personyaqairraqarrirraqarru

Possessive suffixes on inalienable nouns

PersonSingularPluralDual
1st person inclusive-qait-tu
1st person exclusive-k-qait-tu
2nd person-m-qam-qum
3rd person-ny-rri-rru

Subject prefixes on verbs

PersonSingularPluralDual
1st person inclusiveta-ti-
1st person exclusivewu-ta-ti-
2nd personqo-ka-qu-
3rd persona-rra-rri-

Object suffixes on verbs

PersonSingularPluralDual
1st person inclusive-qait-tu
1st person exclusive-(ky)au-qait-tu
2nd person-(y)ieq-qam-qum
3rd person-i/-Ø-rri/-Ø-rru

References

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Wivell, Richard . Kairiru grammar . University of Auckland . 1981.
  2. Book: Ross, Malcolm . Kairiru . Routledge: London and New York . 2002 . In John Lynch and Malcolm Ross and Terry Crowley (eds.), The Oceanic Languages . 204-215.