KSBW explained

Callsign:KSBW
City:Salinas, California
Logo Alt:Inside a television screen shape, a serif 8 in silver next to the NBC peacock and the letters K S B W in a white, square sans serif beneath.
Logo Upright:0.7
Image Alt:Inside a television screen shape, a stylized bridge in white. The part above the bridge is royal blue and contains the words "central coast" in white in a sans serif. The part beneath the bridge is sky blue in color. The middle arch of the bridge is semicircular, and nestled under it is the ABC network logo, a black disk with the letters a b c in round-bodied lowercase.
Image Upright:0.7
Digital:8 (VHF)
Virtual:8
Country:United States
Location:Salinas–Monterey–Santa Cruz, California
Callsign Meaning:"Salad Bowl of the World", nickname for Salinas[1]
Owner:Hearst Television
Licensee:Hearst Stations Inc.
Erp:20.6 kW
Haat:7600NaN0
Facility Id:19653
Licensing Authority:FCC

KSBW (channel 8) is a television station licensed to Salinas, California, United States, serving the Monterey Bay area as an affiliate of NBC and ABC. Owned by Hearst Television, the station has studios on John Street (Highway 68) in downtown Salinas, and its transmitter is located on Fremont Peak in the Gabilan Mountains.

KSBW-TV began broadcasting on September 11, 1953. It was originally a shared-time operation with KMBY-TV, which operated from Monterey; the stations were outgrowths of radio stations KSBW and KMBY and shared programs from all four major television networks. KSBW bought out KMBY in 1955, becoming the sole station on channel 8. In 1957, its owners began operating KSBY in San Luis Obispo as a semi-satellite; the two stations remained commonly owned for more than three decades, and KSBW became the dominant local news outlet in the area. It retained this status despite a series of ownership transfers in the 1980s and 1990s, during which time Elisabeth Murdoch and her husband briefly owned KSBW and KSBY.

Hearst acquired KSBW in 1998 as part of a trade with Sunrise Television Corporation. Under Hearst, KSBW was the first station in the area to broadcast a digital signal. In 2011, it launched Central Coast ABC, a local in-market ABC affiliate, as a digital subchannel.

History

The shared-time years

When the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated television channels in 1952 and ended a multi-year freeze on station applications, it placed two channels—very high frequency (VHF) channel 8 and ultra high frequency (UHF) channel 28—in the Salinas–Monterey area.[2] Two applications were received for channel 8, each from a major local radio station: KSBW of Salinas and KMBY of Monterey.[3]

To break the logjam that awaited the competing applications, including a possible comparative hearing, KSBW and KMBY set television precedent when they agreed to share use of channel 8. On that basis, the FCC approved both stations on February 19, 1953, as the first shared-time TV operation in the country. Channel 8 would be broadcast from Mount Toro, where a defunct FM radio station, KSNI, had already built a tower and transmitter facilities. KSBW-TV and KMBY-TV would provide the programs on an alternating basis from separate studios in Salinas and Monterey, respectively.[4] The commission assented in large part because it found KSBW and KMBY were not competing for the same sponsors, each primarily serving their own city.[5] KSBW–KMBY announced a May 1 start date, but this was held up when the grantee for channel 28, Salinas–Monterey Television Company (with the call letters KICU), protested to the FCC, which stayed its authorization of channel 8.[6] Its contention was that the two radio stations—each with separate network ties—KSBW with NBC and KMBY with CBS—had the intention to air programming from all four major networks (those two plus ABC and DuMont), thus tying up all networks in the area and leaving nothing for channel 28.[7] It raised the possibility that the San Francisco Chronicle, which owned San Francisco NBC affiliate KRON-TV and was a minority owner of KSBW, would do everything it could to protect KSBW-TV; likewise, it believed CBS would be highly protective of KMBY-TV, given that KMBY radio was owned by entertainer and CBS personality Bing Crosby.[8] The FCC heard arguments on the matter in late June,[9] rejecting KICU's protest and permitting KSBW-TV and KMBY-TV to begin construction.[10]

KSBW-TV and KMBY-TV began broadcasting on September 11, 1953, as primary affiliates of CBS with additional programs from ABC and DuMont.[11] [12] At the outset, the only local programming originated from the Salinas studios of KSBW-TV. The two stations sold advertising separately for network programs when they aired on assigned nights and planned to split advertising sales for special events.[13]

After four months of negotiations, KSBW-TV agreed to buy KMBY-TV in November 1954.[14] KMBY radio was marked for divestiture. By then, the station was also airing NBC programs.[15] The transaction was approved in February 1955, leaving KSBW-TV as the full-time user of channel 8.[16] The DuMont network wound down operations later that year.[17] [18]

Partnership with KSBY

In 1956, John Cohan, the lead stockholder in KSBW radio and television, agreed to acquire KVEC radio and television in San Luis Obispo for $450,000.[19] In June 1957, the San Luis Obispo station became KSBY and began receiving its programs via a microwave link from Salinas. While the pairing maintained studios in Salinas and San Luis Obispo, the combination was promoted as the Gold Coast Stations, and they began carrying the same mix of CBS, ABC, and NBC network programming.[20]

The Salinas Valley Broadcasting Corporation, parent company of both stations as well as KSBW radio in Salinas, agreed to be purchased in 1960 by Paul Harron and Gordon Gray, who together owned radio and television properties in upstate New York.[21] The deal never materialized; instead, president and general manager John Cohan and three associates took control of the station in a transaction announced that October.[22] KSBW and KSBY were no longer ABC affiliates by 1962; in the Salinas portion of the market, KNTV in San Jose was carrying the CBS and NBC shows that could not be fit on KSBW–KSBY's schedule,[23] while KEYT in Santa Barbara became a full-time ABC affiliate in September 1963.[24] In 1964, a second station went on the air in Santa Maria: KCOY-TV (channel 12), which in 1965 sought to force KSBY to become an exclusive CBS affiliate so as to protect its NBC affiliation.[25] The opposite would take place four years later: on January 12, 1969, KSBY became a primary NBC affiliate and KCOY-TV a primary CBS affiliate.[26] CBS found itself an affiliate on the northern Central Coast when it aligned with KMST (channel 46), a new station which began in February 1969.[27] [28] During this time, in 1968, KSBW AM was sold to Thomas J. King[29] and changed its call sign to KTOM.[30]

The ownership consortium, later known as Central California Communications Corporation, also owned the cable systems in Salinas and San Luis Obispo.[31] The FCC ordered Central California Communications Corporation to file for operation of KSBY on a standalone, non-satellite basis in 1975, on account of its financial condition; the order stemmed from a dispute with Gill Industries, owner of KNTV, over the combination of KSBW and KSBY viewership figures for ratings purposes in the Salinas–Monterey market, where the stations' competition—KNTV and KMST in the north and KCOY-TV in the south—did not serve the same area.[32]

KSBW and KSBY were acquired in 1979 by John Blair & Co., a New York firm that represented TV and radio stations to national advertisers. The company owned two radio stations but no TV stations.[33] During Blair's ownership, the station received approval to build a tower on Mount Madonna, almost on the border between Santa Cruz and Santa Clara counties, which it projected would improve its coverage in southern Santa Clara County and add 80,000 homes to its coverage area.[34] [35] The new facility went into service in 1984, but in attempting to make inroads in San Jose, KSBW lost households in southern Monterey County where reception was poorer than previously predicted.[36]

In 1986, Blair fended off a hostile takeover attempt by Macfadden Acquisition Corporation[37] by accepting a competing, higher offer from Reliance Capital Group, led by financier Saul Steinberg.[38] Reliance, however, did not buy Blair intending to keep its three English-language TV stations: KSBW, KSBY, and KOKH-TV in Oklahoma City; rather, it was interested in the Spanish-language stations in Miami and San Juan, Puerto Rico,[39] which were used to launch the Telemundo network in January 1987.[40] As a result, Blair sold KSBW, KSBY, and KOKH-TV to Gillett Communications for $86 million in November 1986.[41] [42]

Three sales in three years

Gillett financed its ventures by issuing junk bonds and became burdened by a heavy debt load. The parent company, Gillett Holdings, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization in 1991; the next year, many of its subsidiaries, including KSBW, filed their own bankruptcy cases to protect the station from possible legal issues in the Gillett case.[43] [44] The companies emerged from bankruptcy in October 1992 with ownership having been assumed by Gillett's debtholders. In 1994, KSBW and KSBY went on the market as a package, with Gillett Holdings seeking between $30 and $40 million and receiving multiple offers.[45]

Gillett announced on March 25, 1994, that KSBW and KSBY would be sold to EP Communications, a new company formed by Elisabeth Murdoch—daughter of media mogul Rupert Murdoch, owner of the Fox network—and her husband, Elkin Pianim. The Los Angeles Times reported a month before the announcement that Rupert Murdoch was interested in giving his daughter and son-in-law hands-on experience running a business.[46] Elisabeth Murdoch had previously worked at Australia's Nine Network and Fox, including a stint as the programming manager of Fox's station in Salt Lake City, Utah, KSTU.[47] [48] There was also speculation that the stations could switch to Fox: at the time, Fox had no affiliate on the southern Central Coast, though Salinas-based KCBA aired the network's programming. However, Elisabeth Murdoch was also reported to be taking pains to separate the running of the Central Coast stations from her father's media empire.[49] EP Communications paid $35 million for the pair;[50] the transaction was primarily financed by Commonwealth Bank of Australia, a longtime banker for Rupert Murdoch's media ventures, and was personally guaranteed by Rupert Murdoch.[51]

After four months, when Murdoch—who had been splitting her time between Salinas and San Luis Obispo—hired a manager to run KSBY and devoted her time to running KSBW. This was much-needed, particularly as KSBY underwent significant turnover during Murdoch ownership, including the firing of its general manager and longtime lead anchor.[52] [53] [54] During this time, KSBW won a Peabody Award, given to the station for a program on youth violence known as Just Because: Tales of Violence, Dreams of Peace.[55] In hindsight, observers noted that Murdoch brought to KSBW and KSBY a larger-market style that was at odds with the stations' prior image, but it was more aggressive and professional with fewer on-air errors. The stations were able to quickly improve their financial positions on account of reduced program costs and a 50-percent increase in network compensation from NBC. In a year when advertising sales were flat, cash flow increased 42 percent.[56]

In September 1995, EP Communications announced the sale of KSBW and KSBY to separate owners. SJL Broadcasting acquired KSBY, while Smith Television—owner of KEYT in Santa Barbara—acquired KSBW. Murdoch and Pianim claimed in a statement that consolidation in the TV station industry forced them to either get bigger or sell, though a station employee claimed they were told a good unsolicited offer resulted in the sale.[57] The acquisition and sale of KSBW and KSBY after just 18 months resulted in a net gain of $12.25 million for Murdoch and Pianim.[58] Months later, Smith Broadcasting negotiated to buy the assets of KCCN—the former KMST—[59] but talks broke down.[60]

Smith Television put its four television stations on the market in September 1996, citing interest stemming from deregulation in the Telecommunications Act of 1996 signed earlier that year,[61] [62] only to sell itself to a new joint venture of Smith and Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst, a private equity firm that also held an increased involvement in radio station ownership.[63] This company became known as Sunrise Television Corporation.[64]

Hearst ownership

Sunrise Television agreed with Hearst-Argyle Television in February 1998 to a trade of stations. Sunrise received WDTN in Dayton, Ohio, and the license for WNAC-TV in Providence, Rhode Island, plus $20 million; in exchange, Hearst acquired KSBW as well as WPTZ in Plattsburgh, New York, and the associated WNNE in White River Junction, Vermont.[65] [66] The swap allowed Hearst-Argyle to divest of the Dayton station, which it had to sell as a condition of the previous merger of Hearst and Argyle.[67] Hearst-Argyle became Hearst Television in 2009, when the Hearst Corporation acquired Argyle's stake in the venture and took it private.[68]

Hearst-Argyle effectively reversed the effect of the Mount Madonna relocation in 2000 by moving KSBW's transmitter to Fremont Peak, restoring the lost coverage in southern Monterey County.[69] The Mount Madonna mast was later leased to Etheric Networks to provide wireless internet service.[70]

KSBW was the first station on the northern Central Coast to begin digital broadcasting, activating its digital transmitter on October 30, 2002.[71] By 2007, it offered a second subchannel utilizing NBC Weather Plus as well as a local 10 p.m. newscast.[72] In August 2010, the station debuted "PrimePlus", a package of reairs of the station's most popular syndicated programs (Access Hollywood, Dr. Phil, Oprah) and the newscast.[73]

PrimePlus was short-lived, as in December 2010, KSBW announced it would replace the subchannel with a full secondary channel affiliated with ABC, the first in-market ABC affiliate for the first time in a decade.[74] The channel, with the branding Central Coast ABC, launched on April 18, 2011, displacing San Francisco's KGO-TV on cable systems; Hearst invested $1.4 million to expand the facilities to handle the additional service.[75] In the May 2012 sweeps period, Central Coast ABC trailed only KSBW–NBC in total-day viewership in the market.[76] The Spanish-language network Estrella TV was added as a subchannel in 2016.[77]

News operation

KSBW has generally dominated television ratings for news and other programming on the northern Central Coast, far outdistancing its competition in the form of KION and KCBA.[78] [79] It had tenured on-air personalities, including Jim Vanderzwaan, who spent 32 years as the station's chief weather forecaster,[80] and Dennis Lehnen, who retired after 35 years presenting sports.[81]

Notable former on-air staff

Technical information

Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Channel! scope = "col"
Res.AspectShort nameProgramming
8.1 KSBW NBC
8.2 CC ABC ABC
8.3 EST Estrella TV
8.4 STORY Story Television
8.5 NOSEY Nosey

Analog-to-digital conversion

KSBW shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 8, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition VHF channel 10 to channel 8.[86]

Notes and References

  1. News: KSBW Is Named For 'Salad Bowl Of World' Here. October 3, 1947. 8, 10. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  2. News: Salinas-Monterey Areas Will Get TV Channels 8 and 28. April 14, 1952. 3. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  3. News: TV Application Filed For Channel 28 Here. November 28, 1952. 2. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  4. News: New TV Station to Open May 1 on Baldy—Channel 8 Is To Be 'Shared' In This Area. February 19, 1953. 1. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  5. News: Broadcasting. FCC Okays Time-Sharing for KSBW, KMBY On Ch. 8. February 23, 1953. 42. .
  6. News: FCC Stays Grant For Channel 8 Salinas-Monterey TV Station; Plans To Hold Hearing On Protest. April 8, 1953. 1. Associated Press. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  7. News: KICU Protests 'Share-Time Monopoly'—TV 8 Halted Here Pending FCC Hearing. April 8, 1953. 1. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  8. News: The Truth about the Salinas-Monterey Television Situation. April 17, 1953. 3. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  9. News: FCC Urged To Deny Protests, Start TV Here Without Delay. June 22, 1953. Associated Press. 1. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  10. News: TV Channel 8 Gets Go Ahead. June 29, 1953. 1. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  11. News: September 11 Is TV Day For Monterey Bay Area: KSBW-TV And KMBY-TV Will Operate Share-Time Stations. September 2, 1953. 19. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  12. News: Salinas-Monterey Channel 8 TV Programs Start Tonight. September 11, 1953. 17. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213074554/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-salinas-monterey-channel/136624495/. live.
  13. News: Abbe Airs It: Monterey Peninsula Gets Own Shared-Channel TV. September 8, 1953. 37. James. Abbe. Oakland Tribune. Oakland, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213074555/https://www.newspapers.com/article/oakland-tribune-abbe-airs-it-monterey-p/136624603/. live.
  14. News: KSBW-TV to Purchase Monterey TV, Ending Channel 8 Sharetime. November 17, 1954. 1. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213074620/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-ksbw-tv-to-purchase-mont/136624719/. live.
  15. News: KSBW-TV Will Buy KMBY-TV. November 17, 1954. 1. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213074555/https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-ksbw-tv-will-buy-kmb/136624647/. live.
  16. News: . 82. February 7, 1955. Three Station Sales Approved by FCC. Broadcasting.
  17. . DuMont Network To Quit In Telecasting 'Spin-Off'. 64. Broadcasting. August 15, 1955.
  18. Broadcasting. 80. August 29, 1955. DuMont Turns Its Corporate Back On TV Network, Leaves It To Die. .
  19. News: Broadcasting. . 92, 94. Cohan Buys KVEC-AM-TV; KITO, KAKC Buys Concluded. April 23, 1956.
  20. News: Channel 6 In New TV Combine. June 20, 1957. IV:2. The Lompoc Record. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023161253/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-lompoc-record-channel-6-in-new-tv-co/133574208/. live.
  21. News: Eastern Group Buys KSBW Television and Radio Stations Here. March 21, 1960. 2. The Californian. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023162234/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-eastern-group-buys-ksbw/133574279/. live.
  22. News: Closed Circuit: New deal in Salinas. Broadcasting. 5. October 17, 1960. .
  23. News: Gilliland Says TV-11 Has as Much at Stake As 8 in Cable System. May 2, 1962. 36. The Californian. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023160601/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-gilliland-says-tv-11-has/133574349/. live.
  24. News: 3 Color Shows On KEYT TV. October 5, 1963. 9. Ventura County Star-Free Press. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023160625/https://www.newspapers.com/article/ventura-county-star-3-color-shows-on-key/133579579/. live.
  25. News: Station pressured to program only CBS shows: KSBY target in federal action. November 5, 1965. 7. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023155258/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-station-pressured-to-program/133574453/. live.
  26. News: Media reports: Network changes. Broadcasting. . January 13, 1969. 47.
  27. News: TV Station Delays Date For Opening. October 3, 1968. 26. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. March 8, 2022. March 8, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220308074502/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97166946/tv-station-delays-date-for-opening/. live.
  28. News: Channel 46 Slated To Begin Tomorrow; Weather Curbs Cable. January 31, 1969. 2. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. March 8, 2022. March 8, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220308074505/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/97167341/channel-46-slated-to-begin-tomorrow/. live.
  29. News: Detroit Man Purchases Radio Station KSBW. June 1, 1968. 3. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213074555/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-detroit-man-purchases-ra/133574564/. live.
  30. News: 71. For the Record. . Broadcasting. August 12, 1968.
  31. News: New York firm buys KSBY-TV. January 13, 1978. 1. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023160134/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-new-york-firm-buys-ksby-tv/133574755/. live.
  32. News: . FCC steps out of market wrangle. Broadcasting. 32. December 1, 1975.
  33. News: $10.7 million sale of TV stations OK'd. April 12, 1979. A-3. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023162720/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-107-million-sale-of-tv-sta/133574795/. live.
  34. News: Television tower gets approval. December 1, 1983. A-4. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075101/https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-television-tower-get/136626274/. live.
  35. News: KSBW's antenna move OK'd. February 21, 1984. TV Star 45. Associated Press. Merced Sun-Star. Merced, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075102/https://www.newspapers.com/article/merced-sun-star-ksbws-antenna-move-okd/136687306/. live.
  36. News: Channel 8 official explains poor South County reception. January 30, 1985. 10. Gonzales Tribune. Gonzales, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075102/https://www.newspapers.com/article/gonzales-tribune-channel-8-official-expl/136687337/. live.
  37. News: KSBY's parent firm battling bid to take over the company. May 15, 1986. 1/A, 3/A. Tom. Fulks. The County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023155258/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-ksbys-parent-firm-battling/133575029/. live.
  38. News: KSBY's parent firm in corporate tug of war. June 5, 1986. 1/A, 3/A. Tom. Fulks. The County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023155911/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-ksbys-parent-firm-in-corpor/133575064/. live.
  39. News: Reliance Capital Said To Be Mulling a Sale Of John Blair Stations. . The Wall Street Journal. September 10, 1986.
  40. News: The Wall Street Journal. Telemundo TV Network to Air Nationally Tonight. January 12, 1987. .
  41. News: KSBY-TV purchased by Gillet. November 12, 1986. 3/A. The County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023160626/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-ksby-tv-purchased-by-gillet/133575100/. live.
  42. News: KSBY sale was a byproduct of try for Spanish network. November 13, 1986. 9/A. The County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023161153/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-ksby-sale-was-a-byproduct-of/133575128/. live.
  43. News: Local TV station files for Chapter 11. May 1, 1992. 1C. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075127/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-local-tv-station-files-f/136687113/. live.
  44. News: Parental firm woes push KSBY toward Chapter 11. May 5, 1992. A-8. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023155301/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-parental-firm-woes-push-ksby/133575276/. live.
  45. News: Sale of KSBY likely, broker says. January 31, 1994. B-3. David. Eddy. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023160742/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-sale-of-ksby-likely-broker/133575323/. live.
  46. News: Murdoch Seeks to Buy 2 TV Stations to Be Run by Daughter. February 16, 1994. D2. John. Lippman. Los Angeles Times. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023162720/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-murdoch-seeks-to-b/133581107/. live.
  47. News: The Executive With Something 'Extra'. November 21, 2008. Paige. Albiniak. Broadcasting & Cable. October 24, 2022. October 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221024071456/https://www.nexttv.com/news/executive-something-extra-85434. live.
  48. News: Broadcasting a family affair: Station owner combines media and motherhood. February 11, 1995. 1B, 3B. Larry. Parsons. The Californian. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023155750/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-broadcasting-a-family-af/133581153/. live.
  49. News: Variety. Jim. Benson. Fox family matters to NBC. 52. April 4, 1994. .
  50. News: 39. Broadcasting & Cable. Changing Hands. . April 11, 1994.
  51. News: July 4, 1996. S. Karene. Witcher. John. Lippman. 10. The Wall Street Journal. Extra! Media Mogul Grooms Kids for Top!. .
  52. News: General manager loses top post at KSBY-TV. November 5, 1994. C-7. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023155258/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-general-manager-loses-top-po/133575416/. live.
  53. News: KSBY in transition with more changes on horizon. December 7, 1994. B-1, B-4. David. Eddy. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023161151/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-ksby-in-transition-with-more/115816656/. live.
  54. News: 'He was trying to hold me hostage': KSBY owners fire anchor Rick Martel. March 2, 1995. A1, A6. David. Eddy. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075103/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-he-was-trying-to-hold-me-ho/133575533/. live.
  55. News: March 31, 1995 . Maupin's 'Tales' Wins a Peabody Award . Associated Press . December 13, 2023 . . November 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231102174632/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/31/arts/maupin-s-tales-wins-a-peabody-award.html . live .
  56. News: Richard Kelly. Heft. Following in her father's footsteps. Evening Post. Wellington, New Zealand. . 5. January 17, 1996.
  57. News: Murdoch sells KSBY. September 16, 1995. A-1, A-10. Ken. McCall. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023160137/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-murdoch-sells-ksby/133575660/. live.
  58. News: Murdoch, husband make $12.25 million. September 21, 1995. B-1, B-2. San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. Newspapers.com. October 17, 2023. October 23, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023163736/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-murdoch-husband-make-1225/133575706/. live.
  59. News: Florida firm buys KSBW. December 8, 1995. 18. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. October 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231007142155/https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-florida-firm-buys-ks/97170670/. live.
  60. News: KCCN operations shut down: Station owners lay off 70; news programming canceled. April 25, 1996. 1A, 8A. Lynn. Christiansen. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. March 8, 2022. March 8, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220308074510/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75976508/kccn-operations-shut-down-station/. live.
  61. News: KSBW-TV Channel 8 for sale again: Telecommunications Act prompts interest. September 5, 1996. 1C. Lynn. Christiansen. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075104/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-ksbw-tv-channel-8-for-sa/136625856/. live.
  62. News: WEYI for sale. D8. Doug. Pullen. The Flint Journal. October 5, 1996. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075109/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/weyi-sale/wrduqberuiwrjgddxikzgrvpgaadfuig_wma-gateway013_1687748285288. live.
  63. News: Channel 25 to be sold to new joint venture; few changes expected. D8. Doug. Pullen. The Flint Journal. November 8, 1996. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075107/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-25-be-sold-new-joint-venture-few-changes-expected/ezdumsszwgxesftlnjmluskobtyecjmu_wma-gateway018_1687748311572. live.
  64. News: Eric. Deggans. St. Petersburg Times. Group tries to build TV empire. . May 9, 1997. 1E.
  65. News: KSBW-TV to have its fourth owner in four years: Hearst-Argyle offers swap and $20 million. February 21, 1998. 1C. Marty. Burleson. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075106/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-ksbw-tv-to-have-its-four/136625887/. live.
  66. News: Carl. DiOrio. Sunrise, Hearst in a TV trade. . The Hollywood Reporter. February 20, 1998. 74.
  67. News: 80. In Brief. Broadcasting & Cable. . February 23, 1998.
  68. News: Hearst Moves On Merger. June 3, 2009. Broadcasting & Cable. Michael. Malone. July 16, 2023. April 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230407011414/https://www.nexttv.com/news/hearst-moves-merger-34881. live.
  69. News: KSBW gets new transmitter. June 2, 2000. 4B. Brian. Seals. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075107/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-ksbw-gets-new-transmitte/136626204/. live.
  70. News: Outlying areas to get wireless Internet boost. April 5, 2004. B-5. Chandler. Harris. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075107/https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-outlying-areas-to-ge/136687175/. live.
  71. News: KSBW is first to go digital. October 31, 2002. 1A, 2A. Brian. Gaylord. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  72. News: KSBW adds a newscast at 10 p.m.: Broadcast began earlier this month. March 19, 2007. 1A, 3A. Sunita. Vijayan. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 12, 2023.
  73. News: KSBW Launches KSBW PrimePLUS+. TVNewsCheck. May 24, 2018. July 30, 2010. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075630/https://tvnewscheck.com/uncategorized/article/ksbw-launches-ksbw-primeplus/. live.
  74. News: KSBW To Offer ABC On Subchannel. December 20, 2010. TVNewsCheck. December 12, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075630/https://tvnewscheck.com/uncategorized/article/ksbw-to-offer-abc-on-subchannel/. live.
  75. Web site: McCord. Shanna. April 7, 2011. Local ABC affiliate coming soon. Santa Cruz Sentinel. April 9, 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120402144111/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/ci_17796124?IADID. April 2, 2012.
  76. News: The DIY Duopoly, Subchannel-Style. 4. Michael. Malone. Broadcasting & Cable. August 13, 2012. .
  77. News: April 8, 2016. Business Digest, April 9, 2016: KSBW to launch Spanish language channel. en. Santa Cruz Sentinel. MediaNews Group. live. May 24, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180525063349/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/business/20160408/business-digest-april-9-2016-ksbw-to-launch-spanish-language-channel. May 25, 2018.
  78. News: Media: It's paper vs. electronics—battle to catch your eyes. July 9, 1979. 2D, 4D. Jim. Barrett. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 13, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075631/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-media-its-paper-vs-el/136687409/. live.
  79. News: Newsroom exodus rocks local TV station. June 17, 1990. D11. Steve. Perez. Santa Cruz Sentinel. Santa Cruz, California. Newspapers.com. December 13, 2023. October 8, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231008123459/https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel-newsroom-exodus-rock/97168963/. live.
  80. News: Jim Vanderzwaan Retiring from KSBW, Replacement Named. TVSpy. Kevin. Eck. February 2, 2015. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150225031532/http://www.adweek.com/tvspy/jim-vanderzwaan-retiring-from-ksbw-replacement-named/140418. February 25, 2015.
  81. News: Longtime KSBW Sports Anchor Retiring. Kevin. Eck. March 8, 2016. TVSpy. December 13, 2023. February 3, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230203131603/https://www.adweek.com/tvspy/longtime-ksbw-sports-anchor-retiring/165550/. live.
  82. News: Craft Of CBS Says 'It's Best Of Both Worlds'. April 19, 1978. 1D, 2D. Ben. Brown. The Tampa Tribune. Tampa, Florida. Newspapers.com. December 13, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075631/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune-craft-of-cbs-says-it/136739526/. live.
  83. News: Co-anchor Dina Ruiz leaving KSBW to devote more time to family. November 21, 1997. 1A. M. Cristina. Medina. The Californian. Salinas, California. Newspapers.com. December 13, 2023. December 13, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231213075631/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-co-anchor-dina-ruiz-leav/136739633/. live.
  84. Web site: Del Rodgers. kcra. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070108113609/http://www.kcra.com/kcranewsteam/293313/detail.html. January 8, 2007.
  85. Web site: Ted Rowlands bio. CNN. March 12, 2013. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20130315100833/http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/rowlands.ted.html. March 15, 2013.
  86. Web site: May 23, 2006 . DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130829004251/http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf . August 29, 2013 . August 29, 2021 . Federal Communications Commission.

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