| KRL Commuterline | |
| Imagesize2: | 300px |
| Locale: | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Transit Type: | Commuter rail |
| Lines: | 5 |
| Stations: | 80 (5 inactive) |
| Annual Ridership: | 290.00 million (2023)[1] |
| Headquarters: | Juanda Station 2nd floor, Sawah Besar, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Began Operation: |
|
| Operator: | KAI Commuter |
| Vehicles: | see below |
| Train Length: | 8, 10 or 12 cars per trainset |
| Headway: | 3 minute(s)– 1hour (Some routes) |
| System Length: | 418km (260miles)[2] |
| El: | 1,500 V DC overhead catenary |
| Top Speed: | NaNlk=onNaNlk=on |
| Ridership: | 1.2 million (2022)[3] |
| Area Served: | Greater Jakarta |
| Native Name: | Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) Commuter Line/Jabodetabek |
KRL Commuterline, commonly known as Greater Jakarta Commuter rail, or KRL Commuter Line Jabodetabek is a commuter rail system for Greater Jakarta in Indonesia. It was previously known as KRL Jabodetabek. It is operated by KAI Commuter (KCI), a subsidiary of the Indonesian national railway company PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI).The rail system uses rolling stock of rapid transit standard and operates at high frequency with a minimum headway. In 2019, the average number of Commuterline users per day reaches average of 1.04 million, with the record of the highest number of users served in a day being 1,154,080.[4] [5] [6]
"KRL" itself stands for "Kereta Rel Listrik" (literally "electric rail train" or "electric railcar"), a term for an electric multiple unit train.
In 1917, a plan to introduce electrified railway in Batavia was made by Dutch colonial railway company Staatsspoorwegen. A railway between Tanjung Priok to Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) was the first line to be electrified. The construction began in 1923 and completed on 24 December 1924. The line was opened on 6 April 1925—in time for the SS 50th anniversary—with 3000-series locomotives from SLM–BBC (Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works – Brown Boveri & Cie), 3100-series electric locomotives from AEG Germany, 3200-series locomotives from Werkspoor Netherlands and passenger coaches from Westinghouse and General Electric.[7]
The electrification project continued and on 1 May 1927, all rail lines that surround Batavia has been fully electrified. Batavia Zuid station (now Jakarta Kota) was closed temporarily in 1926, was reopened on 8 October 1929. The last part of the electrification project, Batavia Zuid – Buitenzorg, was completed in 1930.[8] After independence in 1945, the railway operation was taken over by DKA (Djawatan Kereta Api Repoeblik Indonesia, Indonesian Railways Bureau, former name KAI).
Transportation in Jakarta was at its lowest point during the 1960s. Tramways in Jakarta were closed in 1960 and railway traffic on Manggarai – Jakarta Kota was restricted in November 1966. In 1965, a portion of railway line between Gondangdia and Sawah Besar was stripped from electrification, with remaining services on the portion now powered by steam and diesel trains. It was reported that then-President Sukarno wanted to get rid of anything that would block the view of Monas and Merdeka Square, then still under construction. After Sukarno's fall, the electrification was reconstructed and reopened in 1970.[9] [10]
On 16 May 1972, PNKA (Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api, successor of DKA) ordered 10 new sets of electric multiple units from Japan, leading to the revival of the electric train services within Greater Jakarta. The new trains, built by Nippon Sharyo, arrived in 1976 and replaced the old locomotives and coaches. Sets consisted of four cars each, with capacity of 134 passengers per car. Those new trains (commonly known as EMU Rheostatik) will continue serving the passengers in Jakarta for the next 37 years. PNKA (later PJKA and Perumka) continued importing trains from Japan, South Korea, Belgium and Netherlands until the late 1990s. By the 1990s, Greater Jakarta commuter rail used a mixture of EMUs and DMUs, with lines waiting for electrification used Japan-made DMUs (class MCW 302) or locomotive-hauled coaches. In May 2000, the government of Japan via JICA and Tokyo Metropolitan Government donated 72 units of used Toei 6000 trains, formerly operating on Toei Mita Line. These were the first air-conditioned electric trains in Indonesia. The new trains were operated on 25 August 2000 for express services.[11]
The current form of electric train service in Jakarta was begun in 2008. Jabotabek Urban Transport Division, a sub-unit of KAI that handles commuter service around Jabodetabek, spun-off to form KAI Commuterline Jabodetabek (KCJ). Ticket revenues, rolling stock maintenance, and station management was transferred to the newly formed subsidiary, but all operational matters (e.g. scheduling and dispatching), rolling stock, stations and infrastructures remained under KAI responsibility.
The modernization of the commuter railway system, however, did not begin until 2011. Network operations were greatly simplified from 37 point-to-point service patterns into six integrated lines (known as "loop line" system) all running local, stopping at every station, as express services were abolished. Service was also simplified into two service classes: Economy class (cheaper service without air conditioning, subsidized by Ministry of Transportation) and Commuter class (more expensive service with air conditioning). On 17 April 2013, the Commuterline extension to Maja in the Green Line commenced operation.[12] On 25 July 2013, the economy class was discontinued, leaving the Commuter class as the sole service class throughout the network.[13] In July 2013, the operator introduced the COMMET (Commuter Electronic Ticketing) system replacing the old paper ticket system and changing the old fare system into 'progressive fare' system, as well as modernization of all 80 serving stations.
Starting on 1 April 2015, the Nambo line extension operation is commenced.[14] [15] Three line extensions have been opened between 2015 and 2017: the extension of Pink Line to Tanjung Priuk station which commenced operation on 22 December 2015,[16] the extension of Green Line to Rangkasbitung station which commenced operation on 1 April 2017,[12] and the extension of Blue Line to Cikarang station which commenced operation on 8 October 2017.[17] In July 2015, KA Commuter Jabodetabek served more than 850,000 passengers per day, which is almost triple the 2011 figures, but still less than 3.5% of all Jabodetabek commutes.[18]
Until 5 March 2014, KA Commuter Jabodetabek only operates 8-car trainsets on all lines.[19] In 2016, the operation of 12-car trainsets commenced.[20] As of December 2019, it operates 1,057 trips per day by 90 trains.[21] Importation of used Japanese trainsets for use in Commuterline resulted in a 2023 controversy, when the importation of the used trains were banned.[22] [23]
In May 2022, KAI Commuter announced some changes to the network, marking the first modification of the routing system since 2011 reform.[24] The Loop Line was discontinued with its Jatinegara-Manggarai loop part being absorbed by the Cikarang Line, which ceased service from Manggarai to Jakarta Kota in favor of the loop and was rebranded as Cikarang Loop Line with blue-circled "C" symbol. The Nambo branch of the discontinued line was absorbed by the Central Line, which was rebranded as Bogor Line with red-circled "B" symbol.
The modernization project in 2011 introduced 6 integrated Commuterlines and 8 services which serve Greater Jakarta. The number of services has increased to 11 by 2017.
The network route map is recognized by color code, destination, and since recently, a station numbering system.
| Lines | Services | No. of stations | Length | Opened | Operated asKCI Line | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bogor Line | 20† | 33.3km (20.7miles) | 1930 | 5 December 2011[25] | ||
| Jakarta Kota to Bogor | 24† | 54.8km (34.1miles) | 1930 | |||
| Jakarta Kota to Nambo | 23† | 47.2km (29.3miles) | 1997 | 1 April 2015[26] | ||
| Rangkasbitung Line | 8 | 19.6km (12.2miles) | 1899 | 5 December 2011 | ||
| Tanah Abang to Parung Panjang | 11 | 24.3NaN | 1899 | |||
| Tanah Abang to Maja | 17 | 55.6km (34.5miles) | 1899 | 17 April 2013 | ||
| Tanah Abang to Rangkasbitung | 19 | 72.8km (45.2miles) | 1899 | 1 April 2017[27] | ||
| Cikarang Loop Line | Cikarang to Kampung Bandan half racket | 20 | 49.6km (30.8miles) | 1918 | 28 May 2022 | |
| Cikarang to Angke half racket | 19 | 45.2km (28.1miles) | 1918 | 28 May 2022 | ||
| Bekasi to Kampung Bandan half racket | 15 | 32.8km (20.4miles) | 1918 | 28 May 2022 | ||
| Bekasi to Angke half racket | 14 | 28.4km (17.6miles) | 1918 | 28 May 2022 | ||
| Cikarang full racket via Pasar Senen (Kampung Bandan via Pasar Senen) | 38 | 92km (57miles) | 1918 | 28 May 2022 | ||
| Cikarang full racket via Manggarai (Kampung Bandan via Manggarai) | 37†† | 92km (57miles) | 1918 | 28 May 2022 | ||
| Bekasi full racket via Pasar Senen (Kampung Bandan via Pasar Senen) | 33 | 58.5km (36.4miles) | 1918 | 28 May 2022 | ||
| Bekasi full racket via Manggarai (Kampung Bandan via Manggarai) | 32†† | 58.5km (36.4miles) | 1918 | 28 May 2022 | ||
| Tangerang Line | 11 | 19.2km (11.9miles) | 1899 | 5 December 2011 | ||
| Tanjung Priok Line | 4 | 8.1km (05miles) | 1885 | 5 December 2011 partial, feeder only22 December 2015 fully operational[28] | ||
| † excluding Gambir station, which doesn't serve Commuterline trains (train passes through without stopping here)†† excluding Pasar Senen station, which is one-way only for counterclockwise trains (Cikarang full racket via Pasar Senen, listed as "Kampung Bandan via Pasar Senen") | ||||||
Passengers may also purchase a card for multiple journeys, named Kartu Multi-Trip (KMT, "multitrip card"). KMT is priced at Rp 50,000 (including Rp 30,000 credit).[29] The card has no expiry date and can be used with a minimum credit of Rp 5,000 after KCI introduced fare adjustment machines. Passengers who don't have enough credit in their KMT can top-up at fare adjustment machines or two-way ticket counters. Previously the minimum credit was Rp 13,000, based on the highest available fare in the system.[30] [31] The card may be topped up at the ticket counters or vending machines.[32] Starting in October 2023 this card could also be used in other major transit systems such as Jakarta MRT, Jakarta LRT or Jabodebek LRT and TransJakarta
In addition to KCI-issued cards, passengers may also purchase bank-issued cards. Unlike KCI-issued cards which may only be used for public transit systems and station's park-and-ride facilities, these cards may also be used for goods and services payments at selected merchants, gas stations, TransJakarta BRT, selected parking facilities, and toll road payments. Currently Commuterline accepts Mandiri e-Money,[33] BRIZZI, BNI TapCash, flazz BCA,[34] Bank DKI Jakcard,[35] and Jak Lingko.[36]
Starting from 1 October 2019, Commuterline station gates accept tickets purchased through mobility and e-wallet apps. LinkAja! was the first to implement it, followed by JakLingko and Gojek apps[37] in 2022. It uses QR code displayed by the app on passenger's mobile phone that can be read by scanner attached inside the system. Payment with LinkAja! can be used only if the passenger's balance is not less than Rp 13,000.00, as the payment directly deducts LinkAja balance, thus having similar mechanism as multitrip card.[38] [39] On the other hand, passengers using JakLingko and Gojek must choose their origin and destination before obtaining the ticket, similar to single trip cards.
However, on January 16, 2023 payment for Commuterline tickets using LinkAja! has been discontinued.[40]
Fare for Greater Jakarta region Commuterline is charged by distance travelled (
Meanwhile, the ticket fare for Commuterline on the Yogyakarta Line is Rp. 8,000 for one trip.[43]
Prior to the introduction of distance-based fare, the fare is determined by number of stations passed. The first five stations passed is charged at Rp 3,000 and every next three stations charged at Rp 1,000. Between July and November 2013, the charges were lowered to Rp 2,000 and Rp 500 respectively, after the government subsidized the fare.[44] Number of passengers increased by 30% after one week of introduction of the new fares.[45]
As of January 2019, there are 80 active and 4 inactive stations for Commuterline. All the stations have commercial zones of various sizes for operating retail stores, chain shops, and ATM booth. The stations have prayer place, toilets and dispensary for emergency health service. Stations have manual ticket counters as well as automated ticket vending machines since 2017.[46] Started on 15 January 2019, all stations have free Wi-Fi service facility for passengers.[47]
| No. | Station | Total Passengers | Note | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15,530,000 | Busiest annual arrival | 2023 | ||
| 2 | 15,300,000 | Busiest annual departure | 2023 | ||
| 3 | 230,860 | Highest user transit volume daily | 2023 | ||
| 4 | 155,000 | 2nd Highest user transit volume daily | 2023 |
Bold: Terminus or transit stationsItalic: Closed for Commuterline, open for intercity trainsStrikethrough: Closed for all services
Below are the list of main and terminus stations, some of them also serve intercity train lines.
| Station | Establishment | Type | Line(s) | Intercity/Local station | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jakarta Kota | 1926 | Commuterline terminus and transit, intercity terminus | Yes | ||
| Gambir | 1884 | Intercity train terminus | (Only serves intercity trains) | Yes | |
| Manggarai | 1918 | Commuterline transit and terminus (some services) | Under construction | ||
| Jatinegara | 1910 | Commuterline transit and terminus (nominal loop), westbound intercity stop | Yes | ||
| Tanah Abang | 1910 | Commuterline terminus and transit | No | ||
| Duri | 1899 | Commuterline terminus and transit | No | ||
| Tangerang | 1899 | Commuterline terminus | No | ||
| Angke | 1899 | Commuterline terminus (some services) | No | ||
| Kampung Bandan | N/A | Commuterline transit and terminus (some services) | No | ||
| Tanjung Priuk | 1925 | Commuterline terminus | No | ||
| Pasar Senen | 1925 | Intercity terminus, westbound local train stop and northbound Commuterline stop | Yes | ||
| Depok | 1881 | Commuterline terminus (some services) | No | ||
| Bogor | 1881 | Commuterline terminus | Yes | ||
| Bekasi | 1887 | Commuterline terminus (some services), local and intercity train stop | Yes | ||
| Cikarang | 1890[50] | Commuterline terminus, local and intercity train stop | Yes | ||
| Serpong | 1899 | Commuterline terminus (some services) | No | ||
| Parung Panjang | 1899 | Commuterline terminus (some services) | No | ||
| Tigaraksa | N/A | Commuterline terminus (some services) | No | ||
| Rangkasbitung | 1899 | Commuterline terminus, local and intercity train stop | Yes |
Currently Gambir station does not serve as Commuterline stop, instead focusing on intercity train services. Passengers who travel to areas near Merdeka Square, could depart at the nearby Gondangdia or Juanda stations.
Southbound local trains (operated by KAI, serving trips from Bogor to Sukabumi/Cianjur) starts and ends from Bogor Paledang station, within walking distance from Bogor station.
Duri Station was planned to be the transit for Airport Commuter Train, which was under construction in 2014 and started operation in 2017.
Pasar Senen station only serves counterclockwise, full-racket services of Cikarang Loop Line towards Kampung Bandan or Jakarta Kota (minority service). Trains towards Bekasi or Cikarang does not stop here.
See also: List of Kereta Api Indonesia rolling stock classes. Commuterline rolling stocks are composed of second-hand rail cars imported from Japan of Tokyo Metro, Toyo Rapid Railway, JR East (in which KAI Commuter has strategic partnerships with), and Tokyu Railways. All of these cars are legally classified as executive-class cars (K1). Domestically made air-conditioned cars produced by Industri Kereta Api (INKA) are no longer in service, although those trains will operate on Solo-Yogya Commuterline in Central Java. Trains are generally formed of 8, 10, or 12 cars, with a capacity of 80–110 passengers per car. The system had 1,020 cars as of July 2019.[51]
Train without air conditioning (mainly economy class) are no longer operated as KCI (the operator) begins the single-service operation of air-conditioned trainsets. One set of ex-economy class (Holec) has been retrofitted with air conditioning by INKA.
Toei 6000 series, which began service in 2000, was the first air-conditioned train type to be scrapped in December 2015. They are replaced by a huge influx of newer secondhand 205 series trains.[52]
Since 1 January 2016, the ex-JR East 103 series were also retired from service.
EMU classes mentioned as current/active by KCI on 28 April 2024:[53]
| Class | Internal name | Image | Units | In service | Cars per Set | Manufacturer | Remarks | - | Tokyo Metro 7000 series | ED301 | TBA | TBA | TBA |  Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation (1974–1989) | Tokyo Metro 7000 series Yurakucho Line & Fukutoshin Line | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tokyo Metro 8000 series | N/A | TBA | TBA | 10 | Tokyu Car Corporation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Nippon Sharyo, Kinki Sharyo (1980-1994) | Tokyo Metro 8000 series Hanzomon Line--> | ||||||||||
| INKA-J-TREC | EA204 | 192 | 0 | 12 |  - INKA, J-TREC (2025)[56] [57] | Planned to be delivered by 2025 | ||||||||||
| KCI-SFC120-V | 132 | 0 | 12 |  CRRC Qingdao Sifang (TBD)[58] [59] | Planned to be delivered by 2025 | |||||||||||
| Class | Internal name | Image | Units | In service | Cars per Set | Manufacturer | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tokyu 8000 series | ED201 | 24 | 0 | 12 | Tokyu Car Corporation (1969–1985) | ex-Tokyu Toyoko Line and Oimachi Line rolling stock, 2006–April 2024[60] | |
| Toei 6000 series | ED102 | 72 | 0 | 4, 6, 8 | Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Hitachi, Ltd., Alna Kohi (1968–1976) | ex-Toei Mita Line rolling stock, 2000–2016. One cabin car preserved at Depok Depot | |
| Tokyo Metro 5000 series | ED105 | 30 | 0 | 8, 10 | Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation, Kisha Seizo, Teikoku Sharyo (1964–1967) | ex-Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line rolling stock, 2007– January 2020 | |
| Tōyō Rapid 1000 series | ED104 | 30 | 0 | 8, 10 | Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation, Hitachi, Ltd., Kisha Seizo, Teikoku Sharyo (1964–1967) | ex-Tōyō Rapid Railway line rolling stock, 2007–2019 | |
| Holec AC | EA101 | 24 | 0 | 8 | - INKA, Woojin Industrial (2013–14) | former 1994–2001 EMU economy class Holec trains retrofitted with AC, 2014–2015, currently suspended | |
| 103 series | ED103 | 16 | 0 | 4, 8 | Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Hitachi, Ltd., Teikoku Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation, Kisha Seizo (1963–1984) | ex-JNR/JR East Musashino Line rolling stock, 2004–2016 | |
| KRL-I | 8 | 0 | 4 | INKA, LEN, Pindad (2001) | 2001–2015 | ||
| Class | Internal name | Image | Units | In service | Cars per Set | Manufacturer | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BN-Holec | EA101 | 128 | 0 | 4 |    - Bombardier, BN, Holec, INKA (1994–2001) | 1994–2013, some modified to become diesel commuter trains or Holec AC | |
| Rheostatik | ED101 | 120 | 0 | 3, 4, 6 | - Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Hitachi, Ltd., INKA (1976–1987) | 1976–2013, scrapped or stored | |
| ESS 100/200 series | N/A | 30 | 0 | 2 | - General Electric, Heemaf, Westinghouse (ca. 1925) | 1925–1960s, converted to locomotive hauled coaches or DEMU | |
| Inka-Hitachi | EA102 | 24 | 0 | 4 | - Hitachi, Ltd., INKA (1997) | 1997–2013, scrapped or stored | |
| ABB Hyundai | N/A | 8 | 0 | 4 | - ABB, Hyundai Precision, INKA (1994) | 1994–2001, some modified to become diesel commuter trains | |
See main article: 2023 Indonesian used train import controversy.
The accidents mentioned below involved trains operated by KAI Commuter's predecessor systems, such as ESS (1925-1939), DKA/PNKA/PJKA Jakarta Exploitation (1945-1976), Jabotabek Urban Railway (1976-1999), and Divisi Jabotabek (1999-2011), before the introduction of standard Commuterline service in July 2011 and standard Commuterline routes in December 2011.