KMO (gene) explained

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KMO gene.^{[1] [2]}

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO; EC 1.14.13.9) is an NADPH-dependent flavin monooxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form L-3-hydroxykynurenine.[supplied by OMIM]^[2] This is the first step in the degradation of Kyneurinine to Quinolinic acid. This pathway is involved in the activation of cytokine mediated changes in behavior due to inflammatory stimuli such as infections. The KMO gene is upregulated in the lung parenchyma of smokers. ^[3]

Further reading

• Stone TW, Darlington LG . Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development. . Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery . 1 . 8 . 609–20 . 2002 . 12402501 . 10.1038/nrd870 . 19203349 .
• Aoyama N, Takahashi N, Saito S, etal . Association study between kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene and schizophrenia in the Japanese population. . . 5 . 4 . 364–8 . 2006 . 16716206 . 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00231.x . free .
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, etal . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . free .
• Ligam P, Manuelpillai U, Wallace EM, Walker D . Localisation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and kynurenine hydroxylase in the human placenta and decidua: implications for role of the kynurenine pathway in pregnancy. . Placenta . 26 . 6 . 498–504 . 2005 . 15950064 . 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.08.009 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Halford S, Freedman MS, Bellingham J, etal . Characterization of a novel human opsin gene with wide tissue expression and identification of embedded and flanking genes on chromosome 1q43. . Genomics . 72 . 2 . 203–8 . 2001 . 11401433 . 10.1006/geno.2001.6469 .
• Breton J, Avanzi N, Magagnin S, etal . Functional characterization and mechanism of action of recombinant human kynurenine 3-hydroxylase. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 267 . 4 . 1092–9 . 2000 . 10672018 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01104.x . free .

Notes and References

1. Alberati-Giani D, Cesura AM, Broger C, Warren WD, Rover S, Malherbe P . Cloning and functional expression of human kynurenine 3-monooxygenase . FEBS Lett . 410 . 2–3 . 407–12 . Sep 1997 . 9237672 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00627-3 . 26490151 . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: KMO kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase).
3. Pintarelli G, Noci S, Maspero D, Pettinicchio A, Dugo M, De Cecco L, Incarbone M, Tosi D, Santambrogio L, Dragani TA, Colombo F . Cigarette smoke alters the transcriptome of non-involved lung tissue in lung adenocarcinoma patients . Scientific Reports . 9 . 1 . 13039 . September 2019 . 31506599 . 6736939 . 10.1038/s41598-019-49648-2 . 2019NatSR...913039P .