KLK13 explained

Kallikrein-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK13 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions.

As of 2022, the precise physiological functions of Kallikrein 13 remain unknown. It may play a role in the defense of the upper digestive apparatus, in extracellular matrix degradation, in tissue remodelling, and in the male reproductive organs.

This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Expression of this gene is regulated by steroid hormones and may be useful as a marker for breast cancer. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its full length sequence has not been determined.^[4]

Kallikrein-13 serves as a priming protease during infection by the human coronavirus HKU1.^[5]

Many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers.

Further reading

• Diamandis EP, Yousef GM, Luo LY, etal . The new human kallikrein gene family: implications in carcinogenesis. . Trends Endocrinol. Metab. . 11 . 2 . 54–60 . 2001 . 10675891 . 10.1016/S1043-2760(99)00225-8. 25806934 .
• Yousef GM, Chang A, Diamandis EP . Identification and characterization of KLK-L4, a new kallikrein-like gene that appears to be down-regulated in breast cancer tissues. . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 16 . 11891–8 . 2000 . 10766816 . 10.1074/jbc.275.16.11891 . free .
• Yousef GM, Chang A, Scorilas A, Diamandis EP . Genomic organization of the human kallikrein gene family on chromosome 19q13.3-q13.4. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 276 . 1 . 125–33 . 2000 . 11006094 . 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3448 .
• Gan L, Lee I, Smith R, etal . Sequencing and expression analysis of the serine protease gene cluster located in chromosome 19q13 region. . Gene . 257 . 1 . 119–30 . 2001 . 11054574 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00382-6 .
• Chang A, Yousef GM, Jung K, etal . Identification and molecular characterization of five novel kallikrein gene 13 (KLK13; KLK-L4) splice variants: differential expression in the human testis and testicular cancer. . Anticancer Res. . 21 . 5 . 3147–52 . 2002 . 11848466 .
• Chang A, Yousef GM, Scorilas A, etal . Human kallikrein gene 13 (KLK13) expression by quantitative RT-PCR: an independent indicator of favourable prognosis in breast cancer. . Br. J. Cancer . 86 . 9 . 1457–64 . 2002 . 11986781 . 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600283 . 2375362 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Petraki CD, Karavana VN, Diamandis EP . Human kallikrein 13 expression in normal tissues: an immunohistochemical study. . J. Histochem. Cytochem. . 51 . 4 . 493–501 . 2003 . 12642628 . 10.1177/002215540305100411. free .
• Komatsu N, Takata M, Otsuki N, etal . Expression and localization of tissue kallikrein mRNAs in human epidermis and appendages. . J. Invest. Dermatol. . 121 . 3 . 542–9 . 2003 . 12925213 . 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12363.x . free .
• Petraki CD, Gregorakis AK, Papanastasiou PA, etal . Immunohistochemical localization of human kallikreins 6, 10 and 13 in benign and malignant prostatic tissues. . Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. . 6 . 3 . 223–7 . 2004 . 12970725 . 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500674 . 21609011 .
• Kapadia C, Yousef GM, Mellati AA, etal . Complex formation between human kallikrein 13 and serum protease inhibitors. . Clin. Chim. Acta . 339 . 1–2 . 157–67 . 2004 . 14687906 . 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.10.009 .
• Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, etal . The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. . Nature . 428 . 6982 . 529–35 . 2004 . 15057824 . 10.1038/nature02399 . 2004Natur.428..529G . free .
• Kapadia C, Ghosh MC, Grass L, Diamandis EP . Human kallikrein 13 involvement in extracellular matrix degradation. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 323 . 3 . 1084–90 . 2004 . 15381110 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.206 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Darling MR, Jackson-Boeters L, Daley TD, Diamandis EP . Human kallikrein 13 expression in salivary gland tumors. . Int. J. Biol. Markers . 21 . 2 . 106–10 . 2006 . 16847813 . 10.1177/172460080602100206. 7038149 . free .

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.306

Notes and References

1. Lundwall A, Band V, Blaber M, Clements JA, Courty Y, Diamandis EP, Fritz H, Lilja H, Malm J, Maltais LJ, Olsson AY, Petraki C, Scorilas A, Sotiropoulou G, Stenman UH, Stephan C, Talieri M, Yousef GM . A comprehensive nomenclature for serine proteases with homology to tissue kallikreins . Biol Chem . 387 . 6 . 637–41 . Jun 2006 . 16800724 . 10.1515/BC.2006.082 . 436200 .
2. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Kallikreins, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 1-3, 2005 . Biol Chem . 387 . 6 . 635–824 . Jun 2006 . 16800723 . 10.1515/BC.2006.081 . Diamandis . Eleftherios P. . Deperthes . David . Lundwall . Åke . 83910246 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: KLK13 kallikrein-related peptidase 13.
4. Web site: Entrez Gene: KLK13 kallikrein-related peptidase 13.
5. 2020 . Kallikrein 13 serves as a priming protease during infection by the human coronavirus HKU1 . Science Signaling. 7857416 . Milewska . A. . Falkowski . K. . Kulczycka . M. . Bielecka . E. . Naskalska . A. . Mak . P. . Lesner . A. . Ochman . M. . Urlik . M. . Diamandis . E. . Prassas . I. . Potempa . J. . Kantyka . T. . Pyrc . K. . 13 . 659 . eaba9902 . 10.1126/scisignal.aba9902 . 33234691 .