KATU (TV) explained

Callsign:KATU
City:Portland, Oregon
Logo Alt:At left, the letters KATU in black in a bold sans serif. To the right, a white sans serif 2 in a red tilted square box. At lower left, the words "On Your Side".
Branding:KATU (pronounced "K-2")
Digital:24 (UHF)
Virtual:2
Translators:see
Owner:Sinclair Broadcast Group
Licensee:Sinclair Portland Licensee, LLC
Country:United States
Sister Stations:KUNP
Former Affiliations:Independent (1962–1964)
Erp:1,000 kW
Haat:5240NaN0
Facility Id:21649
Licensing Authority:FCC

KATU (channel 2) is a television station in Portland, Oregon, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside La Grande–licensed Univision affiliate KUNP (channel 16). Both stations share studios on NE Sandy Boulevard in Portland, while KATU's transmitter is located in the Sylvan-Highlands section of the city.

KATU went on the air as the fourth commercial station in Portland in 1962. It was built and signed on by Fisher Broadcasting Company, later Fisher Communications, and originally served as an independent station before joining ABC in 1964. The station expanded its local programming in the early 1970s and became a contender in Portland-area local news ratings. Fisher continued to own KATU until the entire company was sold to Sinclair Broadcast Group in 2013.

History

Channel 2 comes to Portland

Channel 2 was not initially assigned to Portland, being allocated in 1957. That action spurred activity on the valuable frequency. Four applications were initially received, from The Oregon Journal, owner of KPOJ (1330 AM); Fisher Broadcasting Company, which owned KOMO radio and television in Seattle; Tribune Publishing Company, publisher of The News Tribune and owner of KTNT-TV in Tacoma, Washington; and KPTV (channel 12), which wanted to move to channel 2.[1] KPTV later withdrew, and KPOJ dropped its application in March,[2] but it was not until the end of 1959 that an FCC hearing examiner recommended Fisher over the Tribune Publishing Company for the channel 2 construction permit.[3] The full commission began drafting paperwork in support of this decision in December 1960,[4] and Fisher received the permit on February 23, 1961.[5]

Work began to build facilities in the former Crystal Laundry on NE Sandy Boulevard in June;[6] the two-story building was refitted to contain two production studios.[7] The station originally was assigned the call letters KOXO but switched to the call sign KATU within months.

KATU began broadcasting on March 15, 1962, originally operating as an independent station; Portland native and actress Jane Powell was the master of ceremonies.[8] The station's transmitter was originally located atop Livingston Mountain, about 7miles north-northeast of Camas, Washington; this northerly site had been required to maintain minimum spacing to the unbuilt channel 3 (the future KVDO-TV) at Salem.[9]

While it was the 25th independent in the United States, from the moment it went on air, speculation swirled that KATU might look to poach a network affiliation from one of the three other commercial stations in Portland.[10] Rumors intensified in June 1963 as KATU began construction of a transmitter in Portland's West Hills, which would improve its signal coverage and co-site channel 2 with the other major stations.[11] The news came in early December when ABC announced it would drop KPTV, Oregon's oldest television station, and move to KATU on March 1, 1964.[12] The news led to speculation that the ABC switch to KATU, in spite of KPTV performance comparable to that of other ABC affiliates, was a countermove by the network to avoid losing Seattle's KOMO-TV, one of the network's few top-rated stations at the time, to a possible overture by CBS.[13] KPTV—which had been ABC's Portland affiliate since 1959—sued, alleging that Fisher coerced ABC into affiliating with KATU by threatening to defect in Seattle.[14] (It was the second time KPTV had lost an affiliation to a group owner in five years; King Broadcasting Company's KGW-TV [channel 8] displaced KPTV as the NBC television affiliate in Portland in 1959, and its KING-TV in Seattle replaced KOMO-TV in the network lineup.[15])

After a decade in which the station struggled to build an identity in the market, KATU began to find its way in the early 1970s after expanding its local programming. New shows such as public affairs program Town Hall, weekend children's program Bumpity, and talk show AM Northwest proved critical to the station's success.[16] AM Northwest continues to air, while other shows, such as Faces & Places and Two at Four, ended in the 1980s.[17]

In 1975, KATU-TV became sister stations with Hokkaido Television Broadcasting in Sapporo, Japan, a sister city of Portland. The stations exchanged documentary footage of events in their areas.[18]

KATU was Portland's first commercial station to broadcast in digital, doing so in 1998 alongside Oregon Public Broadcasting.[19] KATU shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 2, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 43, using virtual channel 2.[20]

Sinclair Broadcast Group ownership

On April 10, 2013, KATU and Fisher Communications's other holdings were acquired by the Sinclair Broadcast Group.[21] [22] The Federal Communications Commission granted its approval of the deal on August 7,[23] and the sale was completed the following day.[24]

On May 8, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group entered into an agreement to acquire Tribune Media—owner of CW affiliate KRCW-TV (channel 32)—for $3.9 billion, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in debt held by Tribune. Sinclair would have been required to sell one of KUNP or KRCW-TV if the deal were to be approved.[25] However, in 2018, the FCC designated the deal for hearing by an administrative law judge; the deal was then terminated by Tribune.

News operation

From the station's first day on air, KATU produced local newscasts. As an independent, its late-night local news aired at 10 p.m. This changed after the station switched to ABC in 1964, but KATU remained mired in third place in local news coverage behind KOIN-TV and KGW-TV, which were said to have a "stranglehold" on Portland viewers.[26]

One Oregon news event covered by KATU cameras in the station's first decade on air acquired lasting notoriety. In November 1970, reporter Paul Linnman, who worked at KATU from 1967 to 1972 before returning to the station in 1984[27] and retiring from TV news in 2004,[28] traveled to Florence, Oregon, where a sperm whale washed ashore; its carcass was exploded unsuccessfully. The station continued to receive requests for footage years after the event and has since commemorated anniversaries of the exploding whale, including a news special in 1995[29] and a remaster of the original newsfilm in 2020.[30] The 4K remaster was conducted by the Oregon Historical Society, which has held the original film in its collection since the 1980s.[31]

In 1975, Richard Ross left KGW-TV after 19 years to become the news director at channel 2.[32] That same year, former Oregon governor Tom McCall joined KATU as commentator; prior to becoming governor, he had also worked at KGW.[33] Under Ross, the station produced such efforts as Kidwitness News, a monthly newscast for kids anchored by puppets;[34] the station's documentary unit won a Peabody Award in 1981.[35] McCall's commentaries continued appearing despite his battle with cancer leading up to his death in January, 1983.[36]

News hires at KATU in the 1980s included Jeff Gianola, who initially joined as a weekend weather presenter in 1983[37] and became evening anchor before defecting to KOIN in 1998,[38] and Bill O'Reilly, the future Fox News Channel anchor whose tenure in Portland lasted less than a year due to family reasons.[39] O'Reilly's time with the station was marked by remarks about Portland being a "vacation" compared to his previous job in Boston, which displeased management, and an incident in which he left his paycheck in a copy machine, unwittingly divulging a six-figure salary that irked underpaid colleagues.[40] By 1985, what had once been a five-person staff in the early days had become a 60-person news department.[41]

KATU had worked its way up to having the top-rated newscasts in Portland by 1997,[42] but ratings were starting to decline before Gianola's departure for KOIN, which was responsible for leading a resurgence at that station. In 1997, the station's general manager concocted a promotional strategy, known as the "Power of 2", by which the station acquired two news helicopters, in an attempt to increase falling ratings, even though the news director had previously said helicopters were primarily a marketing tool.[43] The campaign was produced with such secrecy that its first airing took newsroom employees by surprise.[44] Within a month of the highly publicized debut of the second helicopter, the leased helicopter, "JetRanger II", crashed and burned in November while harvesting Christmas trees.[45] [46]

By 2021, KATU had returned to first place in early and late evening news in total viewership, though Fox affiliate KPTV beat it out in morning news.[47] That year, the station attracted industry attention for suspending an entire day of newscasts so the station staff could take stress management training in light of increasing burnout in television news.[48]

Notable former on-air staff

Technical information

Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Channel! scope = "col"
Res.AspectShort nameProgramming
2.1KATU Main KATU programming / ABC
2.2Charge! Charge!
2.3Comet Comet
2.4TBD TBD
32.116:9 KRCW The CW (KRCW-TV)

The 32.1 subchannel for KRCW-TV is broadcast by KATU as part of Portland's ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) deployment plan; in exchange, KRCW-TV broadcasts KATU in that format.[60]

Translators

KATU is additionally rebroadcast over a network of sixteen low-power digital translator stations:

Notes and References

  1. News: KPOJ Asks License On Channel 2. January 28, 1958. 2. Associated Press. The Columbian. Vancouver, Washington. Newspapers.com. October 13, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173922/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/111211856/kpoj-asks-license-on-channel-2/. live.
  2. News: . For the Record. 106. April 6, 1959. Broadcasting. October 13, 2022. November 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151527/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1959/1959-04-06-BC.pdf. live.
  3. News: Seattle Company Given TV Edge. December 31, 1959. 3. UPI. The Columbian. Vancouver, Washington. Newspapers.com. October 13, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173924/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/111211937/seattle-company-given-tv-edge/. live.
  4. News: Fisher favored by FCC for Portland ch. 2. December 19, 1960. 10. . Broadcasting. October 13, 2022. November 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151401/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1960/BC-1960-12-19.pdf. live.
  5. Web site: FCC History Cards for KATU. Federal Communications Commission.
  6. News: Channel 2 TV Quarters Prepared: Work Starts On New Television Facilities. 3. The Oregon Journal. June 24, 1961. October 13, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173930/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings//pujciuwxdvtszjnbxbfdtdqicxxjcejw_wma-gateway012_1665627298153. live.
  7. News: TV-Radio Highlights: KATU Studio Nearly Ready; February Telecast Target. 2:3. Arnold. Marks. The Oregon Journal. November 22, 1961. October 13, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173930/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A130FB78394A04B53%40GB3NEWS-16E5AAD367A89E52%402437626-16E5AA00674CB0E3%4010-16E5AA00674CB0E3?clipid=jxfkistmjujlvdfryqeatfzttfcdpfsk_wma-gateway002_1665627533146. live.
  8. News: 2:3. Murphy. Francis. March 17, 1962. Behind the Mike. The Oregonian. GenealogyBank. KATU went on air smoothly Thursday night as guests who had gathered in new studio sat before monitors to watch opening show.. October 13, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173928/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-12CEF5C407BF414B%402437741-12CEEC46F4B20E9E%4014-12CEEC46F4B20E9E?clipid=hfnqgnojjpxtmwkmnephcsfetezetrcz_wma-gateway018_1665639899415. live.
  9. News: Behind the Mike. Francis. Murphy. The Oregonian. 3:3. September 30, 1961. October 13, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173923/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-12CC41023293F46B%402437573-12CC3FD0A581D995%4030-12CC3FD0A581D995?clipid=alqiujqkiffrsoatqibwjfyorpqxcwlh_wma-gateway012_1665627430868. live.
  10. News: TV 7. Channel 2 Will Make Debut; New TV Channel Offers Broad Choice of Programs. Willian. Swing. The Oregonian. March 11, 1963. October 13, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173948/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-12CEE8909EF31CEB%402437735-12CEA00E0C3E1524%40191-12CEA00E0C3E1524?clipid=pjixyylpcofxdtuyicqbyuyxwpxhogoy_wma-gateway011_1665641215700. live.
  11. News: Francis. Murphy. Behind the Mike. 2:7. June 28, 1963. The Oregonian. October 13, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173939/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-12D7833590094BC4%402438209-12D780B62EB84EC4%4044-12D780B62EB84EC4?clipid=fbysdeegrtnqexqeyvlqzynypwucycpl_wma-gateway020_1665642822064. live.
  12. News: 63. Broadcasting. ABC-TV to switch Portland, Ore., outlets. December 9, 1963. October 13, 2022. October 7, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221007153832/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1963/1963-12-09-BC.pdf. live.
  13. News: Variety. December 11, 1963. . ProQuest. Those Group Ownership Dollars. 27.
  14. News: Dropped by ABC, Ore. TVer Sues For $12,750,000. Variety. March 4, 1964. 34. . ProQuest.
  15. News: NBC Shuffle Big Surprise to KOMO Chief. October 17, 1958. 31. Associated Press. The News Tribune. Tacoma, Washington. Newspapers.com. October 13, 2022. August 21, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220821194324/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108035112/nbc-shuffle-big-surprise-to-komo-chief/. live.
  16. News: Ames. Carlin. The Oregonian. A1. Portland TV turns 50: The irresistible glow. September 22, 2002.
  17. News: Peter. Farrell. D1. The Oregonian. Putting the squeeze on TV news. November 13, 1991.
  18. News: The Oregonian. B7. Francis. Murphy. TV leader questions Fairness Doctrine. June 10, 1975.
  19. News: Su-jin. Yim. B9. The Oregonian. High-definition television preparing for prime time. November 9, 1998.
  20. Web site: DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds . March 24, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130829004251/http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf . August 29, 2013 .
  21. News: Sinclair acquiring Fisher Communications. katu.com. April 11, 2013. April 11, 2013. October 4, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221025/http://www.katu.com/news/local/Sinclair-acquiring-Fisher-Communications-202532881.html. live.
  22. News: Colman. Price. Sinclair poised to buy Fisher stations. TVNewsCheck. April 10, 2013. April 11, 2013. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173941/https://tvnewscheck.com/uncategorized/article/sinclair-poised-to-buy-fisher-stations/. live.
  23. Web site: Consent to Transfer . August 7, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161227084350/http://licensing.fcc.gov/prod/cdbs/pubacc/Auth_Files/1562915.pdf . December 27, 2016 .
  24. News: Sinclair Broadcast Group Closes On Fisher Communications Acquisition. August 8, 2013. All Access. August 8, 2013.
  25. Web site: Jessell. Harry A.. Miller. Mark K.. The New Sinclair: 72% Coverage + WGNA. TVNewsCheck. NewsCheck Media. May 8, 2017. August 19, 2018. August 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170802041339/http://www.tvnewscheck.com/article/103905/its-official-sinclair-is-buying-tribune. live.
  26. News: Baker's Dozen: Shake-Up At Ch. 2. 11. December 28, 1976. Oregon Journal. Doug. Baker. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173932/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A130FB78394A04B53%40GB3NEWS-16EF03B26AA9E657%402443141-16EDDFCE449696F6%4010-16EDDFCE449696F6?clipid=eafgdebdpsywjxdikbfvrallrkwbkypv_wma-gateway018_1665705284940. live.
  27. News: C6. The Oregonian. December 20, 1983. Linnman to join Channel 2. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173928/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-1326438414199A77%402445689-132458D1CE7D599C%40101?clipid=wtjqrxtrnjqyothomutmgaofjgficpya_wma-gateway013_1665720899667. live.
  28. News: Southwest 2. Phil. Romans. Looking back on a whale of a career. April 8, 2004. The Oregonian.
  29. News: Electronic Media. 3, 31. Endless blubber: In 1970, Oregon had a whale of a story. Zack. Martin. July 10, 1995.
  30. Web site: The Exploding Whale remastered: 50th anniversary of legendary Oregon event. November 12, 2020. KATU. October 14, 2022. November 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201113000702/https://katu.com/news/local/the-exploding-whale-50th-anniversary-of-legendary-oregon-event. live.
  31. News: Gormley . Shannon . November 11, 2020 . Oregon Historical Society Has Released Newly Restored Footage of That Time State Officials Blew Up a Dead Whale . January 12, 2024 . Willamette Week . en.
  32. News: Richard Ross Going To KATU-TV Sept. 1. Oregon Journal. 5. August 8, 1975. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173834/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A130FB78394A04B53%40GB3NEWS-16EE53A3428E79E5%402442633-16ED89687A83E88A%404-16ED89687A83E88A?clipid=ghkhlawhpavxjhuvoudedbwfcprrnyik_wma-gateway019_1665646893749. live.
  33. News: KATU-TV to be joined by McCall. B7. July 29, 1975. The Oregonian. October 14, 2022.
  34. News: 16. Oregon Journal. Arnold. Marks. 'Kidwitness News' innovation in newscasts. January 2, 1978. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173931/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A130FB78394A04B53%40GB3NEWS-16EFBA726E800D26%402443511-16EF386C8A15BB4B%4015-16EF386C8A15BB4B?clipid=pelegftibwpiiwjvfcerncbdaudijvpv_wma-gateway006_1665646570184. live.
  35. News: . HBO wins Peabody. April 19, 1982. 31–32. Broadcasting. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173221/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1982/BC-1982-04-19.pdf. live.
  36. News: McCall unyielding in his commitment to conservation. January 9, 1983. 8B. Chuck. Beggs. Associated Press. Statesman Journal. Salem, Oregon. Newspapers.com. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173955/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/111268407/mccall-unyielding-in-his-commitment-to/. live.
  37. News: KATU revamps late-night news format. Peter. Farrell. The Oregonian. C8. September 12, 1983. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173923/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-132685116E18EC84%402445590-13264D09ACC56703%4055-13264D09ACC56703?clipid=sslhxkvhofxnuowansndhofoixoojhow_wma-gateway003_1665705427847. live.
  38. News: C1. Pete. Schulberg. The Oregonian. Gianola hops channels from KATU to KOIN. May 5, 1998.
  39. News: KATU's O'Reilly heading east for family reasons, he says. July 2, 1985. Peter. Farrell. The Oregonian. C6. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173922/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-132937784847BBAB%402446249-1326955C4F0CAF99%4077-1326955C4F0CAF99?clipid=kjnulagnxjgyrgdmrwhrdcctayygsbke_wma-gateway001_1665706970648. live.
  40. News: Bill O'Reilly isn't shy about speaking his mind. C1. Pete. Schulberg. April 23, 1998. The Oregonian.
  41. News: Wanderlust comes naturally to KATU rover. The Oregonian. TV Click 39. Jean. Henniger. January 27, 1985. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173951/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-13283EBC90662516%402446093-132647CC457B7395%40187-132647CC457B7395?clipid=gymjsbmyznuvizgvjugfmcltwblufhev_wma-gateway009_1665703916894. live.
  42. News: D7. February 28, 1997. KATU holds on to top spot in news race. Pete. Schulberg. The Oregonian.
  43. News: 'Power of 2'-much marketing and 2-little news. D1. Pete. Schulberg. The Oregonian. October 28, 1998.
  44. News: B8. Chopper campaign expensive, secretive. October 28, 1997. Pete. Schulberg. The Oregonian.
  45. News: B3. Spencer. Heinz. Jennifer. Bjorhus. KATU helicopter crashes, burns. November 8, 1997.
  46. News: Crash of KATU chopper gets powerful play. C7. Pete. Schulberg. The Oregonian. November 12, 1997.
  47. News: Local News: Stumptown Gets Over the Hump. Broadcasting & Cable. January 13, 2022. Michael. Malone.
  48. News: Portland TV Station KATU Suspends News Coverage as Staff Attends Trauma Training. The Wrap. September 27, 2021. Lindsey. Ellefson. October 14, 2022. October 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211020234209/https://www.thewrap.com/portland-tv-station-katu-suspends-news-coverage-staff-trauma-training/. live.
  49. Web site: Harrison . James . Richard "Dick" Bogle (1930–2010) . . June 10, 2020 . June 10, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200610091308/https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/bogle_dick_1930_2010/ . live .
  50. News: Schulberg. Pete. April 28, 1993. Jack Faust of 'Town Hall': big shoes to fill. The Oregonian. B7.
  51. News: Magers' League. July 2, 2000. F1, F5. Noel. Holston. Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Newspapers.com. January 1, 2024.
  52. News: Schulberg. Pete. February 19, 1997. Now you see your favorite weatherperson, now you don't. The Oregonian. B1.
  53. News: Nicholas. Jonathan. February 26, 2003. 25 bucking the trend. The Oregonian. C1.
  54. News: D1. Peter. Ames Carlin. February 21, 2004. KATU finds itself in middle of contract controversy. The Oregonian.
  55. News: Busy retirement ahead for KXTV anchor. September 27, 1997. Scene 7. Dan. Vierria. The Sacramento Bee. Sacramento, California. Newspapers.com. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173928/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/111267991/busy-retirement-ahead-for-kxtv-anchor/. live.
  56. News: Roger Twibell happy with role for ESPN. The Oregonian. C4. Kerry. Eggers. May 28, 1983. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173848/https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/newspapers/image/v2%3A11A73E5827618330%40GB3NEWS-1324A523998D180B%402445483-1323E1EF51BFDC7F%4022-1323E1EF51BFDC7F?clipid=erkjbmubjooggsrjdoxgurqjnlybgwwb_wma-gateway004_1665706417855. live.
  57. Web site: Layoffs at Portland's KATU-TV include Brian Wood, others. OregonLive.com. March 3, 2021. April 29, 2021. April 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210429181023/https://www.oregonlive.com/entertainment/2021/03/layoffs-at-portlands-katu-tv-include-brian-wood-others.html. live.
  58. News: B7. Behind the mike: Dr. Joe operates better in surgery. The Oregonian. Francis. Murphy. February 17, 1975.
  59. News: Good news from a princess. January 18, 1978. AA-1. Ken. Wong. The San Francisco Examiner. San Francisco, California. Newspapers.com. October 14, 2022. October 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221014173946/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/111267373/good-news-from-a-princess/. live.
  60. Web site: RabbitEars TV Query for KRCW-TV. RabbitEars.

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