KBDI-TV explained

Callsign:KBDI-TV
City:Broomfield, Colorado
Logo Alt:The PBS logo in blue next to a turquoise green numeral 12 in a sans serif
Branding:PBS12
Digital:13 (VHF)
Virtual:12
Translators:(see article)
Owner:Colorado Public Television, Inc.
Location:Broomfield–Denver, Colorado
Country:United States
Founded:1977
Callsign Meaning:"Beady eye"
Former Channel Numbers:Analog: 12 (VHF, 1980–2009)
Erp:33.6 kW
Haat:7380NaN0
Facility Id:22685
Coordinates:39.682°N -105.4976°W
Licensing Authority:FCC

KBDI-TV (channel 12), known as PBS12, is a PBS member television station licensed to Broomfield, Colorado, United States, serving the Denver area. The station is owned by Colorado Public Television, Inc. KBDI-TV's studios are located at Welton and 29th Streets in the Five Points neighborhood northeast of downtown Denver; its main transmitter is located atop Mestaa'ėhehe Mountain (just west of Evergreen, in Clear Creek County), and it is rebroadcast by translators throughout the Front Range and eastern Colorado. KBDI-TV serves as Colorado's secondary public television station to Rocky Mountain PBS with an emphasis on local and independent programming.

Channel 12 was originally assigned to Boulder, where the University of Colorado investigated but never moved to build a station on it. In 1977, the Front Range Educational Media Corporation filed to build the station in the nearby city of Broomfield. While the Federal Communications Commission quietly approved the application, a series of reports in The Denver Post revealed that John Schwartz, the primary backer of the applicant, had engaged in impermissible salary kickbacks when he ran a fledgling public radio station in Pittsburgh. Denver's existing public TV station, KRMA-TV, launched an ultimately unsuccessful legal battle to stop KBDI-TV from being built, calling into question Schwartz's character and competition for programming and fundraising dollars.

An FCC rule change on station construction allowed KBDI-TV to go on air on February 22, 1980. It was rushed to air with little programming, amateurish production values, and myriad technical issues, among them a transmitter site that impaired coverage of Boulder. Over the decade, the station gained its identity as a public television station willing to screen independent, alternative shows—sometimes from controversial points of view—in contrast to the more mainstream KRMA. Notable local programs of the 1980s included Homemovies, which featured independent filmmakers and home videos, and FM-TV (later Teletunes), a music video series that lasted through the late 1990s. In 1988, KBDI-TV moved its studios from a cramped warehouse in Broomfield to Denver, where they have remained at several sites ever since.

In the 1990s, KBDI's willingness to air programming by and for Colorado's gay community earned it a loyal viewer and donor base, as well as criticism. Over the course of the 2000s, the station rebranded as Colorado Public Television, adopting its present PBS12 moniker in 2020. Supported by more than 9,000 members as of 2022, KBDI produces a variety of local programming. Most prominent are the station's long-running weekly public affairs series, Colorado Inside Out, and election coverage including the production of candidate debates.

Allocation to Boulder

Channel 12 was originally allocated to Boulder in 1952 as a non-commercial educational reserved channel.[1] In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the University of Colorado (CU), located in Boulder, investigated building a station to use the channel. Even though it had no plans for it by 1959, the university opted to set aside money in order to file an application and thus keep the channel available for future use.[2] That year, CU instead used hours of airtime a week on KRMA-TV (channel 6). The university planned channel 12 as the second phase of an introduction of educational TV, to be preceded by closed-circuit operation on the campus.[3]

As Colorado considered various plans for a statewide educational television system, channel 12 remained in the university's plans.[4] The CU Board of Regents unveiled a plan in 1962 to construct channel 12 by 1964–65 and tie it together with KRMA-TV and channel 8 in Pueblo.[5] A 1964 proposal for statewide educational TV envisioned channel 12 as a joint venture of CU, Colorado State University in Fort Collins, and Colorado State College (now the University of Northern Colorado) in Greeley.[6] However, it was never activated, in part because of interference concerns with research facilities in Boulder such as those at CU and the National Bureau of Standards.[7]

History

Construction and legal battle with KRMA

The Front Range Educational Media Corporation (FREMCO) applied to the Federal Communications Commission on March 17, 1977, to build Boulder's channel 12 as a station in nearby Broomfield.[8] Broomfield was cited by Pat Burrows, the organization's treasurer, as a central site. The president of Front Range was John Schwartz, who had previously been general manager of WYEP-FM in Pittsburgh. The group proposed a heavy schedule of local programming, along with PBS shows; independently acquired programs; and what Schwartz called "experimental TV".[9] [10] On July 29, the FCC granted FREMCO a construction permit.

While the application was pending, the FREMCO station was largely uncontroversial. That soon changed. On August 28, 1977, Clark Secrest of The Denver Post published a front-page story calling into question Schwartz's tenure as general manager of WYEP-FM. It disclosed his involvement in salary kickbacks—the donation of the salary back to station operations—which were impermissible under Corporation for Public Broadcasting rules and revealed financial issues at the then-fledgling Pittsburgh radio outlet.[11] Schwartz had no formal background in television.[12] In the wake of The Post reporting, Schwartz offered his resignation,[13] which the board rejected.[14]

KRMA-TV and its parent, Denver Public Schools, concerned about a competitor for fundraising dollars and PBS programs and viewership, began to scrutinize the Front Range application only after it had been granted. In December, it formally lodged a complaint with the FCC, claiming that Schwartz had a penchant for misrepresentation and deception" and "no ability to manage".[15] Front Range defended Schwartz's actions as a good-faith attempt, born of youth and inexperience, to save WYEP.[16] The FCC denied the KRMA petition in May 1978,[17] and FREMCO began to lay the groundwork to start KBDI-TV,[18] including voting to start construction on their transmitter site on Squaw Mountain. On advice of its lawyers,[19] and in spite of a reconciliatory overture by FREMCO and arguments that two non-commercial stations could coexist in Denver just as they had in Salt Lake City,[20] KRMA-TV appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.[21] The school board criticized the FCC's handling of the matter as "crummy" and "inexcusably conducted".[22]

The appeals court rendered its decision in January 1980. It vacated the permit grant and remanded the case to the FCC for hearings on FREMCO's financing and evidence as to Schwartz's character, saying the commission should have considered the impact KBDI-TV would have on KRMA-TV.[23] Schwartz criticized the decision as being limiting to the arrival of second non-commercial stations into areas like Denver.[24] Schwartz quit as president of the station, an action that in combination with a new financing plan was intended to relieve the issues at the heart of the matter;[25] he returned in an advisory capacity two weeks later.[26]

Launch and early years

A then-recent FCC rule change provided a legal pathway for KBDI-TV to immediately begin broadcasting, in spite of the court's ruling. The new rule allowed stations that had completed building their transmitter facility to go on the air without requesting further commission approvals.[27] As a result, on February 22, 1980, KBDI-TV went on the air for the first time.[28] Its original programming consisted of clips and previews of forthcoming features on the station.[29] No studios were ready, so all the programs originated from the Squaw Mountain transmitter site. The debut was rushed, pocked with technical errors, and generally left a poor first impression. Clark Secrest highlighted the sign-on message from board chairman Jeremy Lansman, which stated in part, "Channel 6 didn't want to have us running", which he felt in poor form.[30] He called the station identification crude, "scrawled with lipstick on a piece of cardboard".[31] In retrospect, Schwartz admitted the station's first days on air were "unbearably sleazy".

The remaining litigation with KRMA was sorted out in the months after launch. In April, the FCC persuaded the appeals court to drop its request for a hearing on the KBDI matter.[32]

Issues in programming and management slowly straightened themselves out.[33] PBS programming began appearing on channel 12's air on April 15,[34] and a satellite interconnection to PBS was activated in late September.[35] In May, former PBS employee Tony Esposito was named general manager.[36] During the first pledge drive, the station offered a mix of rare films and 1950s-vintage TV shows as its principal attractions.

KBDI's early facilities were inadequate. The transmitter had been donated to channel 12 by WTNH in New Haven, Connecticut,[37] and it had a tendency to take the station off the air. In one instance, channel 12 was out of service for a full week in May 1981;[38] the next month, a swarm of moths invaded the transmitter site and caused a short circuit, abruptly ending the evening's broadcasting.[39] The roof leaked because holes had been cut in it for a cooling system that wasn't installed.[40] Another problem was poor siting; intervening terrain shaded much of the Boulder area from clear reception of KBDI-TV, as had been predicted before launch, while its signal was often better on the outlying edges of the signal in rural Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming, thanks to its transmitter site—the highest of any full-power station by elevation in the nation.[41] To fix the poor signal in Boulder, in 1982, the station installed a translator on channel 11 to rebroadcast its signal from Williams Village.[42] The studios likewise had issues; hurried construction in a converted warehouse on 117th Street in Broomfield led to a city inspection that turned up "numerous" violations of electrical code.[43] For years, the station was known for technical mishaps.[44]

Schwartz returned to KBDI yet again in 1981 to head up local programming production.[45] Shortly after, the station debuted Homemovies, a late-night show which showcased short movies produced by amateur filmmakers in Colorado.[46] Schwartz led coverage of Denver's high-profile cable television franchise hearings later that year, winning plaudits from Secrest for his "steel-trap understanding" of the topic area and ability to ask hard-hitting questions of key players such as Reynelda Muse, a stakeholder in one firm seeking the franchise.[47] Other local shows of the early 1980s included FM-TV, later renamed Teletunes, which showcased music videos; it was on the air until 1999.[48] Off the Wall was an audience-interaction talk show.[49] The station produced specials on nuclear disarmament and issues affecting the disabled community. Increased credibility made KBDI-TV a player in securing grant money to produce more local shows.[50] By 1982, KRMA-TV's program director admitted the market had room for his station and KBDI-TV.

Move to Denver

As early as 1986, KBDI contemplated leaving the Broomfield warehouse, which it had outgrown, for studios in Boulder or Denver.[51] Ruling out Boulder for technical reasons, the station selected Denver and announced its relocation to a site on Stout Street in 1988.[52] To establish a studio-to-transmitter link with Squaw Mountain, the station built a 700NaN0 tower atop the six-story building.[53] The building was foreclosed on in 1990; the new owners opted to serve eviction notices on all tenants, including KBDI, which fretted about the impossibility of relocating its operation within a 30-day window.[54] The station settled with the owners[55] and vacated the premises in early 1991, relocating to a former bakery and construction school on Federal Boulevard.[56] The 1992 documentary Spanish; Castilian: Tierra o Muerte, on early Mexican shepherds, won KBDI-TV a Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award in 1992.[57] It introduced Colorado Inside Out, a talk show originally hosted by Ken Hamblin, that December;[58]

During this time period, KBDI burnished its image as the alternative PBS station to the more mainstream KRMA. Its status as a secondary outlet was cemented by a 1991 PBS decision that required stations that took less than half of PBS programming and therefore paid less to air PBS shows after the primary station in their market.[59] In 1992, the station aired Lambda Report, a program on the gay and lesbian communities in Colorado that previously ran on public-access television; it was the first such program to air on a public TV station.[60] Highlighting a night of programming on gay issues in 1993, Dusty Saunders of the Rocky Mountain News called KBDI an "electronic halfway house" with a penchant for the controversial and asked, "Can you envision Channel 6 producing a local documentary on the gay and lesbian march in Washington in April?"[61] He reckoned that the combination of these two stations provided a better public broadcasting service to Denver than many other markets received.[62] The gay community became a key constituency of members and donors for KBDI-TV by 1994, in spite of the regular complaints the station received when it broadcast shows with gay themes;[63] the next year, it was the first public TV station to air Network Q, a newsmagazine about gay and lesbian America.[64]

KBDI and the other public media tenant of the building on Federal Boulevard, KUVO, began exploring a relocation to a building in Denver's Five Points neighborhood in 1992. The building had been acquired by the Piton Foundation in 1983, but plans to turn it into a housing development never came to fruition.[65] The Five Points Media Center was also supported by Denver's major commercial TV stations.[66] KBDI-TV made the move to the new studios in June 1994.[67] KBDI explored merging with KRMA and KTSC in southern Colorado, but talks broke down over the demand for a single board and CEO and the share of assets that KBDI would have in the combined venture.[68] Though no merger took place, KRMA and KBDI did agree to share technical facilities; in 1998, they received one federal grant to develop a joint master control facility,[69] which operated until 2009.[70]

Colorado Public Television and PBS12

After 20 years with the station and 15 as general manager, Ted Krichels departed KBDI in 1999 to run WPSX-TV at Pennsylvania State University.[71] He was replaced by Wick Rowland, a professor at the University of Colorado and former dean of its School of Journalism and Mass Communications.[72]

Rowland kept the station's proclivity toward independent and alternative programming, which some feared would depart with Krichels. KBDI continued to occasionally provoke controversy with pledge drive programming. In 2009, it aired , a documentary claiming the United States was becoming a police state and tricking Americans into paying taxes, as well as two films claiming the September 11 attacks.[73] Four years later, it screened Burzynski the Movie: Cancer Is Serious Business, on Houston's Burzynski Clinic; the PBS ombudsman took exception in a published column to the decision, noting the film "doesn't have the kind of critical other-side that one is used to in other documentaries".[74]

KBDI began broadcasting a digital signal in 2003. Because it was not on Lookout Mountain, Denver's primary broadcasting tower site, it was not subject to the years of zoning battles that snarled construction of a digital-ready tower there.[75] It also was early to discontinue its analog service; after winds up to 100 miles per hour severed its transmission line and severely damaged its antenna in January 2009, a month before stations were intended to switch to digital on February 17, the station instead prioritized repairing the antenna for its digital signal, which was moving from UHF channel 38 to VHF channel 13 as part of the transition, and exhorted viewers to switch to digital as soon as possible.[76] In the years after the transition, the station increased cable coverage beyond the Front Range.

In 2005, Front Range Educational Media Corporation reincorporated as Colorado Public Television, Inc., and KBDI-TV rebranded fully under that name (CPT12 for short) in 2010.[77] Rowland retired in 2013 and was replaced by Kimberly Johnson. Colorado Public Television rebranded as PBS12 in February 2020 to increase the prominence of the PBS brand in its own. Kristen Blessman of the Colorado Women's Chamber of Commerce succeeded Johnson after her 2021 retirement.

Local programming

KBDI produces several public affairs programs, notably its weekly Colorado Inside Out. Decode Colorado is an annual documentary devoted to a single issue of statewide importance. In 2023, the station aired Said Unsaid, a program on racial issues. Beginning in 2002, the station has produced Colorado Decides debates between candidates for public office.[78] In 2004, KBDI joined with KCNC-TV and the Rocky Mountain News for the series.[79] The series continues, now in co-partnership with KCNC and The Colorado Sun.

The local music show Sounds on 29th debuted in 2011 to spotlight Colorado artists. In 2020, it produced a season of new programs centered around music videos, including revisiting the archives of the station's former FM-TV/Teletunes series.[80]

Funding

For the year ended September 30, 2023, Colorado Public Television, Inc., received $8.23 million in support and revenue, of which $520,000 was contributed by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and had $6.6 million in expenses.[81] The station had 9,085 members, and individual giving represented 60 percent of station revenues.[82]

Technical information

Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Channel! scope = "col"
Res.AspectShort nameProgramming
12.1 KBDI-DT Main KBDI-TV programming / PBS
12.2 KBDI+ PBS 12 Plus (4 a.m.–4 p.m.)
FNX (4 p.m.–4 a.m.)
12.3 KBDI-DW Deutsche Welle
12.4 1080i 16:9 NHK NHK World

Translators

KBDI-TV's signal is rebroadcast over the following translators:[83]

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: 2. Denver's Wait for TV Depends On Number of Applications. The Denver Post. April 14, 1952. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071609/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/denvers-wait-tv-depends-number-applications/zlgsjzfkvaymnmfeonurxzgcwdllqxup_ip-10-166-46-69_1710999176030. live.
  2. News: CU Wants $6,000 To Buy TV Channel. 2A. The Denver Post. October 25, 1959. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071609/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/cu-wants-6000-buy-tv-channel/pnnqykmnttwxdjcqnecokhppjcmxjasm_ip-10-166-46-102_1710897664719. live.
  3. News: CU Takes 1st Steps: Colleges of State To Get TV Hookup. 10. Betty Jean. Lee. The Denver Post. December 23, 1959. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071608/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/cu-takes-1st-teps-colleges-state-get-tv-hookup/vtvrrjpeguvtgwbtatfcfqgvreuhiqst_ip-10-166-46-157_1710897742992. live.
  4. News: Radio-TV Department At CU One Of Busiest Campus Places. 12. Boulder Camera. February 20, 1962. Don. Lyle. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073241/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/radio-tv-department-cu-one-busiest-campus-places/xfymqfztwdqjdvznimjjmmhmgrvwaykn_ip-10-166-46-157_1710897923121. live.
  5. News: Educational TV May Expand At CU, Throughout State. 2. Boulder Camera. October 15, 1962. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071611/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/educational-tv-may-expand-cu-throughout-state/ivjinaoxpgxukjhjlepadwtkozysidfw_ip-10-166-46-136_1710897952313. live.
  6. News: Five-Year Plan Envisioned For Educational TV. October 3, 1964. 2. Boulder Daily Camera. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073229/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/five-year-plan-envisioned-educational-tv/ractoktrpztwqdnafeqrrbjwhikzhzkv_ip-10-166-46-174_1710898046448. live.
  7. News: TV Station Forges Ahead Despite Problems. 3. Todd. Malmsbury. Daily Camera. May 9, 1978. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321074654/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/tv-station-forges-ahead-despite-problems/ythgtyixeyzzsrmteuobbtamxfrukknk_ip-10-166-46-132_1710899210374. live.
  8. Web site: History Cards for KBDI-TV. Federal Communications Commission. March 21, 2024. August 3, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230803175818/https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/api/download/attachment/a95aa31c-3971-e725-47e4-5b6f452ac65e. live.
  9. News: TV Station Picks Broomfield. Zone 1 1. The Denver Post. Susan. Townsend. April 6, 1977. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071624/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/tv-station-picks-broomfield/toaojwvqjnqssanbkntytkmnttgepttz_ip-10-166-46-102_1710898548980. live.
  10. News: Channel 12 From Broomfield: County's First TV Station Planned. Daily Camera. Todd. Malmsbury. 1, 2. August 13, 1977. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071612/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12-broomfield-countys-first-tv-station-planned/ahtcmsudgnnnrqhrhwnxcitpkgyoztqe_ip-10-166-46-136_1710898602544. live.
  11. News: '75 Kickbacks Mar Record of TV Promoter. 1, 10. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. August 28, 1977. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321074654/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/75-kickbacks-mar-record-tv-promoter/fxocidxcmeencrbeegxaozohppnlfotq_ip-10-166-46-115_1710898781084. live.
  12. News: He Has A Dream—And Money: Channel 12's Schwartz Short on Television Experience. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. 28. August 28, 1977. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071614/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/he-has-dream%E2%80%94and-money-channel-12s-schwartz-short-television-experience/gqzuupzmbznjjahwrifbkwbdlgriydrz_ip-10-166-46-72_1710898664939. live.
  13. News: Channel 12 Backer Will Offer to Quit. August 29, 1977. 1. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073249/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12-backer-will-offer-quit/boanvalidajawqjraqomekghopuqqxye_ip-10-166-46-88_1710898893200. live.
  14. News: 15. Board Votes Confidence In Channel 12 Head. Daily Camera. Todd. Malmsbury. September 1, 1977. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071615/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/board-votes-confidence-channel-12-head/dxwyhqotwyiqgpiixdlsfdzlmevdpbqz_ip-10-166-46-174_1710899059839. live.
  15. News: Channel 6 Asks Probe of Channel 12 Bid. 2. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. December 9, 1977. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073139/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-6-asks-probe-channel-12-bid/eqfxteqlodwzukavmsobiglolszjmepe_ip-10-166-46-174_1710899173357. live.
  16. News: Past Misdeeds: Channel 12 Backer Defended to FCC. 59. October 19, 1977. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073145/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/past-misdeeds-channel-12-backer-defended-fcc/iuuxnmrskplzwswpeetsiggsgutclepw_ip-10-166-46-103_1710899108059. live.
  17. News: Sixth Denver TV Station Given Go-Ahead. 1. May 31, 1978. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073146/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/sixth-denver-tv-station-given-go-ahead/siewbxzjwefqpxtknwccvbzhjdmczyhs_ip-10-166-46-132_1710899233457. live.
  18. News: It's Full Speed Ahead for 'Let's-Live-Harmoniously' KBDI-TV. 16. June 2, 1978. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071623/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/its-full-speed-ahead-lets-live-harmoniously-kbdi-tv/ylpffqtuygrpjrtatykyimgyeuhmwnhc_ip-10-166-46-170_1710899280448. live.
  19. News: KRMA Told to Wage Court Fight on '12'. 67. June 1, 1978. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073251/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/krma-told-wage-court-fight-12/sfwspjevbcswzchskdlapwocovledazm_ip-10-166-46-136_1710899302851. live.
  20. News: Channel 12 Officials OK Education Board Dialogue. June 9, 1978. The Denver Post. 37. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073136/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12-officials-ok-education-board-dialogue/qoujryotafoanbgmvprzpbzvisacodcp_ip-10-166-46-103_1710899357569. live.
  21. News: Denver School Board to Appeal to FCC. The Sunday Camera. 4. Todd. Malmsbury. June 18, 1978. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073134/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/denver-school-board-appeal-fcc/xkhqzecclngqlswjhoopbssnozjmwjfc_ip-10-166-46-114_1710899521523. live.
  22. News: Channel 6 Makes Last-Ditch Try to Keep Channel 12 Off Air. July 10, 1978. 31. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071617/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-6-makes-last-ditch-try-keep-channel-12-air/esqfmfgejesbicrqwyhannwyhzjwzaae_ip-10-166-46-110_1710899557178. live.
  23. News: D.C. Court's Decision Clouds Future of Non-Profit TV Channel 12. 9. January 22, 1980. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071622/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/dc-courts-decision-clouds-future-non-profit-tv-channel-12/xjivzmukoatavuxwcxfgqqhyfccvvodf_ip-10-166-46-102_1710900475067. live.
  24. News: Channel 12's Debut Held Up by Ruling. Daily Camera. 3. Gloria. Bucco. January 22, 1980. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071624/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12s-debut-held-ruling/umpzylafmjmoubkekjintbvpfjypwcee_ip-10-166-46-170_1710900521424. live.
  25. News: Channel 12 Founder: Schwartz Quits Post. February 4, 1980. 6. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073208/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12-founder-schwartz-quits-post/mfbncvxctczoqjilpnsjrrtkuunbnaqt_ip-10-166-46-134_1710900581484. live.
  26. News: Schwartz Returns in Advisory Capacity: Sixth TV Outlet, Channel 12, Begins Telecasting Friday. 10. February 19, 1980. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071613/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/schwartz-returns-advisory-capacity-sixth-tv-outlet-channel-12-begins-telecasting-friday/epsbpfdvzxgsdvgybgfzkanatpstwusm_ip-10-166-46-115_1710900629895. live.
  27. News: Channel 12 Due To Debut Friday. 3. Gloria. Bucco. Daily Camera. February 20, 1980. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071616/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12-due-debut-friday/jsghomzsitgvqnlftmtlbvyexhgjpchw_ip-10-166-46-87_1710900666250. live.
  28. News: Channel 12 Telecasts Despite Court Ruling. February 27, 1980. Zone 1 1. Marcia. Willis. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073221/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12-telecasts-despite-court-ruling/adbjjbcydpzmtasuzxqtflqvqhmzjsur_ip-10-166-46-134_1710900817152. live.
  29. News: Channels 12 and 31: 2 New TV Channels on Air. February 24, 1980. The Denver Post. 34. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073138/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channels-12-and-31-2-new-tv-channels-air/ftkskdkjfkrpembmngekxhuysruvysnl_ip-10-166-46-183_1710900782823. live.
  30. News: Channel 12 Debut Left Bad Taste. 40. February 27, 1980. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071625/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12-debut-left-bad-taste/thidfdbbtokycsyktqmqfzuzhjejknaw_ip-10-166-46-114_1710908489978. live.
  31. News: Davis Takes On 'White Mama' Role. 8. March 4, 1980. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071630/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/davis-takes-white-mama-role/rzzfqohpcetznhmwljzzenxtsxnqmhkk_ip-10-166-46-174_1710900847650. live.
  32. News: Broadcasting. . Noncommercial infighting: Colorado public TV stations go back and forth in courts over financial qualifications. 60–61. May 12, 1980.
  33. News: 'Facts' Hardly Merits Watching. 6. October 6, 1980. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073234/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/facts-hardly-merits-watching/dvvbqhsxjzhmmhyzquucblevbxbevpvq_ip-10-166-46-188_1710901500357. live.
  34. News: Channel 12 Undertakes Modest Fund Drive: Vintage TV Series, Seldom-Seen Films Mark 1st Pledge Week. June 1, 1980. Roundup 46. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073305/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-12-undertaks-modest-fund-drive-vintage-tv-series-seldom-seen-films-mark-1st-pledge-week/risghutcauqjdkcmsttdckxktncraxhi_ip-10-166-46-174_1710901156309. live.
  35. News: KBDI Adds Live PBS Programming. 13. September 29, 1980. Daily Camera. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071647/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/kbdi-adds-live-pbs-programming/fkpbkltcfjsoloqqxvyqphyytzkfoevs_ip-10-166-46-166_1710901402392. live.
  36. News: May 1, 1980. 30. Channel 2 Planning Link to Satellite-Fed National News Network. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073130/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-2-planning-link-satellite-fed-national-news-network/reojulhmdfrycsgclmkyrkggydqxkzbv_ip-10-166-46-88_1710901046381. live.
  37. News: Acker Just Didn't Like 'Grass Is Greener'. October 23, 1978. 20. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073137/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/acker-just-didnt-grass-greener/wpcmrtgsybbgexvjujhcnswatdmftras_ip-10-166-46-151_1710899622893. live.
  38. News: Procter & Gamble Spends Most as TV Takes In Nearly $2.5 Billion for Ads. May 13, 1981. 35. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071619/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/procter-gamble-spends-most-tv-takes-nearly-25-billion-ads/guuatefaozylxkuautardswmeeffjevb_ip-10-166-46-151_1710905377478. live.
  39. News: TV Station Knocked Out: Moth Invasion Has Denver in a Tizzy. June 21, 1981. I:6. Associated Press. The Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. Newspapers.com. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321171742/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-tv-station-knocked/143818722/. live.
  40. News: You'd Think Someone Would Cover The Holes, Wouldn't You?. 35. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. April 16, 1980. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073312/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/youd-think-someone-would-cover-holes-wouldnt-you/zdavbqxurothwmihzermcnzhlbjhnezz_ip-10-166-46-170_1710900999390. live.
  41. News: Larry. Bloomfield. Who has the tallest?. 24. Broadcast Engineering. . June 22, 2000.
  42. News: KBDI Translator Begins Operation. Daily Camera. March 19, 1982. 14. Michael. Ross. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321071625/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/kbdi-translator-begins-operation/pktgqumofhhswzfctjsjsrgplhowmptv_ip-10-166-46-136_1710906019257. live.
  43. News: Many Building Code Violations Plague KBDI. 11. September 19, 1980. Daily Camera. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073149/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/many-building-code-violations-plague-kbdi/bufmnpndllaufymvrxazmsidoigzkhut_ip-10-166-46-102_1710901364515. live.
  44. News: On The Air (Barely) With KBDI. G.. Brown. 1C, 2C. The Denver Post. August 19, 1983. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073130/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/air-barely-kbdi/wjiwpvzhfyxzwqxvcyiuhxrrrsxzhkws_ip-10-166-46-132_1710906478525. live.
  45. News: Roundup 43. Controversial Schwartz Rejoins Channel 12. May 24, 1981. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321074655/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/controversial-schwartz-rejoins-channel-12/nkgzuerldnnocnoaznhnphulzwdcfjnv_ip-10-166-46-102_1710905436830. live.
  46. News: 'Homemovies' Bizzare, But Wins Loyal Audience. Nancy. Sworts. Boulder 7. The Denver Post. August 26, 1981. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073140/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/homemovies-bizzare-wins-loyal-audience/zyohlsahifnoonvefhviovtxkigogdum_ip-10-166-46-87_1710905584372. live.
  47. News: Channel 9 Newscasts Dominate All Time Slots. 9D. November 12, 1981. Clark. Secrest. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073149/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-9-newscasts-dominate-all-time-slots/wfdfcdeqgsrrtjoowctgqcjetzphdhjt_ip-10-166-46-72_1710905759863. live.
  48. News: Michael. Roberts. Station to Station. Westword. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321173645/https://www.westword.com/news/station-to-station-5060499. live.
  49. News: Tiny public television station rides out storm of criticism. April 2, 1982. V-8. Jennifer. Parmelee. Associated Press. Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. Newspapers.com. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073954/https://www.newspapers.com/article/rapid-city-journal-tiny-public-televisio/143801814/. live.
  50. News: KBDI's TV programs get national attention. Nancy. Sworts. Neighbors North 8. December 7, 1983. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321073136/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/kbdis-tv-programs-get-national-attention/pofgzitjhdueobjvdxbthfjmmsnbeacs_ip-10-166-46-183_1710906695956. live.
  51. News: Public TV station considers move: Broomfield's KBDI may land in Boulder, Denver. 1C, 2C. Daryl. Gibson. Daily Camera. September 25, 1986. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321074702/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/public-tv-station-considers-move-broomfields-kbdi-may-land-boulder-denver/noudnmmdmlvwncmrmfcuqhahdcawjghr_ip-10-166-46-166_1710906911151. live.
  52. News: KBDI leaving county: Channel 12 plans move to Denver. 1A, 5A. Ronda. Haskins. Daily Camera. March 1, 1988. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321074659/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/kbdi-leaving-county-channel-12-plans-move-denver/ghbwlwandttawepbvrqfmvezgeqgszcc_ip-10-166-46-151_1710906643397. live.
  53. News: KBDI-Channel 12 moving studios, offices to downtown Denver. 2E. March 1, 1988. The Denver Post. March 21, 2024. March 22, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240322053939/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/kbdi-channel-12-moving-studios-offices-downtown-denver/qjzfotcbvzkysdhpvjbkjwjrnrryyilp_ip-10-166-46-132_1710907030405. live.
  54. News: Dusty. Saunders. 40W. Channel 12 fighting 30-day eviction notice. Rocky Mountain News.
  55. News: Beleaguered Channel 12 hangs out 'home wanted' sign. 1F. Joanne. Ostrow. The Denver Post. November 7, 1990.
  56. News: 69. KBDI a station on the move. Rocky Mountain News. January 12, 1991.
  57. News: 117. Historical documentary lands a top award for Denver's KBDI. January 31, 1992.
  58. News: Local radio battle turns nasty as KYBG, KNUS swap charges. Dusty. Saunders. Rocky Mountain News. 63. September 17, 1992.
  59. News: 62, 64. December 10, 1990. PBS makes delay quid pro quo for programing discount. Broadcasting. .
  60. News: 102. Chinook Fund awards groups for socially conscious works. Rocky Mountain News. January 5, 1993.
  61. News: May 20, 1993. 16C. A non-mainstream attitude has given Channel 12 a niche. Dusty. Saunders. Rocky Mountain News.
  62. News: Channels 6, 12 reach a public understanding to lessen rivalry. March 31, 1994. 16D. Dusty. Saunders. Rocky Mountain News.
  63. News: Public Enemy No. 12. January 25, 1995. Westword. Michael. Roberts. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321173645/https://www.westword.com/news/public-enemy-no-12-5054767. live.
  64. News: Gay America Depicted Through a Gay Lens. The New York Times. August 25, 1996. Joseph. Hanania. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321171611/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/25/arts/gay-america-depicted-through-a-gay-lens.html. live.
  65. News: 166. TV, radio stations tuning in to Five Points Media Center. February 13, 1992. Rocky Mountain News. Sherri. Vasquez.
  66. News: 3B. Five Points to get multimedia center - Facility will house several stations. The Denver Post. Joanne. Ostrow. May 16, 1992.
  67. News: E-1. Lightning, not moving day, knocked out Channel 12. Joanne. Ostrow. The Denver Post. June 30, 1994.
  68. News: Channels 6, 12 shelve merger talks. Denver Business Journal. Ian. Olgeirson. December 22, 1995. .
  69. News: Promising entanglements: shared master control. Steve. Behrens. October 12, 1998. Current. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321174648/https://current.org/wp-content/uploads/archive-site/pb/pb818.html. live.
  70. News: CPB to equip 2 pubTV facilities as multistation master controls. October 3, 2011. Steve. Behrens. Current. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321173647/https://current.org/2011/10/cpb-to-equip-2-pubtv-facilities-as-multistation-master-controls/. live.
  71. News: Krichels leaves a thriving Channel 12. 2D. June 24, 1999. Dusty. Saunders. Rocky Mountain News.
  72. News: 25A. Former CU dean takes Channel 12 helm. August 18, 1999. Dusty. Saunders. Rocky Mountain News.
  73. News: D1. KBDI pushes limits on controversial pledge tie-ins. Joanne. Ostrow. The Denver Post. August 21, 2009.
  74. News: Cancer film on Colorado pubTV prompts PBS Ombudsman column. Current. Dru. Sefton. March 25, 2013. March 21, 2024. March 21, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240321173648/https://current.org/2013/03/cancer-film-on-colorado-pubtv-prompts-pbs-ombudsman-column/. live.
  75. News: Daily Camera. Progress, or hazard? - Lookout Mountain TV tower plan caught up in static. Eric. Schmidt. A1. September 11, 2006.
  76. News: Joanne. Ostrow. Channel 12, MIA. January 23, 2009. The Denver Post.
  77. Web site: Station History. PBS12. March 21, 2024. January 18, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240118070504/https://www.pbs12.org/about/station-history/. live.
  78. News: Public affairs TV lacking. Dusty. Saunders. Rocky Mountain News. June 24, 2002. 2D.
  79. News: 2A. John. Temple. In political season, the choice is yours. July 10, 2004. Rocky Mountain News.
  80. News: Sounds on 29th Revisits the Teletunes Archives. November 2, 2020. Westword. Katrina. Leibee. March 22, 2024. December 26, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231226092840/https://www.westword.com/music/sounds-on-29th-season-looks-at-music-videos-and-revisits-teletunes-archive-11826452. live.
  81. Web site: Colorado Public Television, Inc., Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, Year Ended September 30, 2023. CliftonLarsonAllen LLP. February 19, 2024. March 21, 2024. March 22, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240322053732/https://www.pbs12.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Signed-Final-Financial-Statements-Report-PBS12-FY23.pdf. live.
  82. Web site: 2023 Impact Report. PBS12. March 21, 2024. March 22, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240322053732/https://www.pbs12.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/PBS12-FY2023-24-Impact-Report.pdf. live.
  83. Web site: July 23, 2021. List of TV Translator Input Channels. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211209195336/https://www.fcc.gov/sites/default/files/tv-translator-input-channels-07232021.xlsx. December 9, 2021. December 17, 2021. Federal Communications Commission.

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