K. Anders Ericsson Explained

K. Anders Ericsson (23 October 1947^[1] – 17 June 2020)^[2] was a Swedish psychologist and Conradi Eminent Scholar and Professor of Psychology at Florida State University who was internationally recognized as a researcher in the psychological nature of expertise and human performance.

Ericsson studied expert performance in domains such as medicine, music, chess, and sports, focusing exclusively on extended deliberate practice (e.g., high concentration practice beyond one's comfort zone) as a means of how expert performers acquire their superior performance. Critically, Ericsson's program of research served as a direct complement to other research^{[3] [4]} that addresses cognitive ability, personality, interests, and other factors that help researchers understand and predict deliberate practice and expert performance.

In a highly cited 1993 paper, Ericsson and colleagues conducted studies in which they concluded that expert violinists derived their talent not from innate abilities but rather from large amounts of deliberate practice, amounting to 10,000 hours over a decade or more.^[5] Malcolm Gladwell later popularized Ericsson's so-called 10,000 hour rule in the book Outliers.^[1]

Career

Ericsson received a PhD in 1976 from Stockholm University.^[6]

With Bill Chase, he developed the Theory of Skilled Memory based on detailed analyses of acquired exceptional memory performance (Chase, W. G., & Ericsson, K. A. (1982). Ericsson's research with Herbert A. Simon on verbal reports of thinking is summarized in a book Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data, which was revised in 1993. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation, (Vol. 16). New York: Academic Press). One of his most striking experimental results was training a student to have a digit span of more than 100 digits. With Walter Kintsch, he extended this theory into long-term memory to account for the superior working memory of expert performers and memory experts.

In the domain of deliberate practice, Ericsson published an edited book with Jacqui Smith Toward a General Theory of Expertise in 1991 and edited a book The Road to Excellence: The Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports and Games that appeared in 1996, as well as a collection edited with Janet Starkes Expert Performance in Sports: Recent Advances in Research on Sport Expertise in 2003. In 2016 he and Robert Pool published the book .

Ericsson was the co-editor of The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance, a volume released in 2006.^[7] He was also Fellow of the American Psychological Association.

Publications

• 10.1037/0033-295x.100.3.363 . Anders Ericsson . K . Krampe . Ralf Th . Tesch-Romer . Clemens . The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance . Psychological Review . 1993 . 100 . 3 . 363–406.
• Ericsson . Anders K. . Prietula . Michael J. . Cokely . Edward T. . 2007 . The Making of an Expert . . 85 . July–August 2007 . 114–21, 193 . 17642130 .
• Ericsson . Anders K. . Roring . Roy W. . Nandagopal . Kiruthiga . 2007 . Giftedness and evidence for reproducibly superior performance . High Ability Studies .
• 10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.211 . Ericsson . Anders K. . 7740089 . Kintsch . W. . 1995 . Long-term working memory . Psychological Review . 102 . 2 . 211–245.
• Book: Ericsson, K. Anders . K. Anders Ericsson . The Search for General Abilities and Basic Capacities: Theoretical Implications from the Modifiability and Complexity of Mechanisms Mediating Expert Performance . The Psychology of Abilities, Competencies, and Expertise . Sternberg . Robert J. . Grigorenko . Elena L. . Cambridge . . 2003 . 93–125 . 978-0-521-00776-4 .
• Book: Charness . Neil . Feltovich . Paul J. . Hoffman . Robert R. . Ericsson . K. Anders . K. Anders Ericsson . The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance . Cambridge . . 9780521840972 . 2006.
• Book: Ericsson. Anders. K. Anders Ericsson. Pool. Robert. Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2016. 978-0544456235. Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise.

External links

• Florida State University faculty profile

See also

Outliers: The Story of Success

Notes and References

1. Web site: 2020-07-01 . Anders Ericsson, Psychologist and 'Expert on Experts,' Dies at 72 . 2021-06-19 . The New York Times . en-US.
2. Web site: 2020-06-24 . Psychology Professor Anders Ericsson — the world's top expert on expertise — dies . 2020-07-11 . Florida State University News . en-US.
3. Ackerman . P. L. . Kanfer . R. . 1989 . Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition . Journal of Applied Psychology . 74 . 4. 657–690 . 10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.657.
4. 10.1016/S0160-2896(96)90016-1 . 22 . 2 . A theory of adult intellectual development: Process, personality, interests, and knowledge . 1996 . Intelligence . 227–257 . Ackerman . Phillip L..
5. Ericsson . K. Anders . Krampe . Ralf Th. . Tesch-Romer . Clemens . 1993 . The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of performance . Psychological Review . 100 . 3 . 363-406.
6. Web site: Charness . Neil . K. Anders Ericsson (1947–2020) . APA PsycNet . 26 December 2022.
7. Book: Charness . Neil . Feltovich . Paul J. . Hoffman . Robert R. . Ericsson . K. Anders . K. Anders Ericsson . The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance . Cambridge . . 9780521840972 . 2006.