K. P. Sharma Oli Explained

Honorific-Prefix:The Right Honourable
KP Sharma Oli
Office:38th Prime Minister of Nepal
President:Ram Chandra Poudel
Deputy:Bishnu Prasad Paudel
Prakash Man Singh
Term Start:15 July 2024
Predecessor:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
President2:Bidya Devi Bhandari
Term Start2:15 February 2018
Term End2:13 July 2021
Predecessor2:Sher Bahadur Deuba
Successor2:Sher Bahadur Deuba
President3:Ram Baran Yadav
Bidya Devi Bhandari
Term Start3:12 October 2015
Term End3:24 August 2016
Predecessor3:Sushil Koirala
Successor3:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Office4:Leader of the Opposition
Primeminister4:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Term Start4:27 February 2023
Term End4:4 March 2024
Predecessor4:Sher Bahadur Deuba
Successor4:Sher Bahadur Deuba
Primeminister5:Sher Bahadur Deuba
Term Start5:13 July 2021
Term End5:26 December 2022
Predecessor5:Sher Bahadur Deuba
Successor5:Sher Bahadur Deuba
Primeminister6:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Sher Bahadur Deuba
Term Start6:4 August 2016
Term End6:15 February 2018
Predecessor6:Sushil Koirala
Successor6:Sher Bahadur Deuba
Office7:Deputy Prime Minister of Nepal
Primeminister7:Girija Prasad Koirala
Alongside7:Amik Sherchan
Term Start7:2006
Term End7:2007
Predecessor7:Bharat Mohan Adhikari
Successor7:Bamdev Gautam
Office8:Minister of Foreign Affairs
Primeminister8:Girija Prasad Koirala
Term Start8:2006
Term End8:2007
Predecessor8:Ramesh Nath Pandey
Successor8:Sahana Pradhan
Office9:Minister of Home Affairs
Primeminister9:Man Mohan Adhikari
Term Start9:1994
Term End9:1995
Predecessor9:Sher Bahadur Deuba
Successor9:Khum Bahadur Khadka
Office10:Chairman of CPN (UML)
Term Start10:8 March 2021
Predecessor10:Position established (Party revived as per a Supreme Court verdict)[1]
Term Start11:2014
Term End11:2018
Predecessor11:Jhala Nath Khanal
Successor11:Position abolished (himself as chairman of the Nepal Communist Party)[2]
Office12:Chairman of the
Alongside12:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Term Start12:17 May 2018
Term End12:8 March 2021
Predecessor12:Position established (New party)
Successor12:Position abolished (Party dissolved as per a Supreme Court verdict)
Office13:Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha
Term Start13:4 March 2018
Predecessor13:Keshav Kumar Budhathoki
(as member of the Legislature Parliament)
Constituency13:Jhapa 5
Term Start14:1999
Term End14:2008
Predecessor14:Chandra Prakash Mainali
Successor14:Gauri Shankar Khadka
(as member of the 1st Constituent Assembly)
Constituency14:Jhapa 2
Term Start15:1991
Term End15:1999
Predecessor15:Constituency created
Successor15:Gopal Prasad Koirala
Constituency15:Jhapa 6
Office16:Member of the Constituent Assembly / Legislature Parliament
Term Start16:21 January 2014
Term End16:14 October 2017
Predecessor16:Bishwodip Lingden Limbu
Successor16:Constituency abolished
Constituency16:Jhapa 7
Birth Name:Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli
Birth Date:1952 2, df=y
Birth Place:Iwa, Nepal
Parents:
  • Mohan Prasad Oli
  • Madhumaya Oli
Party:CPN (UML) (1991–2018; 2021–present)
Otherparty:
Signature:KP Oli Signature.svg

Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli (Nepali: खड्ग प्रसाद शर्मा ओली, in Nepali pronounced as /ˈkʰʌɽɡʌprʌsad̪ ˈoli/; born 22 February 1952),[3] commonly known as K. P. Sharma Oli (English pronunciation:), is a Nepalese politician serving as the Prime Minister of Nepal since 15 July 2024. He is chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) since 2014.[4] [5] He previously served as prime minister from 11 October 2015 to 3 August 2016,[6] [7] [8] from 15 February 2018 to 14 May 2021 and from 14 May 2021 to 13 July 2021,[9] He has been the Member of Parliament for Jhapa 5 since 2017, he previously served as an MP for Jhapa 6, Jhapa 2 and Jhapa 7.

Oli opposed India's 2015 blockade of Nepal.[10] He strengthened relations with China as an alternative to Nepal's traditionally close trade ties with India and updated the map of Nepal by constitutional amendment to include territories disputed with India, for which he has received some domestic praise and a reputation as a nationalist.[11] [12] Oli's tenure in office have been controversial for frequent use of tongue-in-cheek remarks, hostility towards critics and the media,[13] [14] and accusations of fostering cronyism and corruption.[15]

Early life and education

K.P. Sharma Oli was born on 22 February 1952 in Iwa in Tehrathum. His father, Mohan Prasad Oli, was a farmer with limited education. His mother, Madhumaya Oli, died from smallpox when he was four. He had a younger brother and three younger sisters from his father's second marriage. Oli completed his primary education at the nearby Pranami Middle School. His family moved to Surungwa, Jhapa in 1958 but following floods in the Kankai river, they were left landless and Oli moved in with his grandparents. His family then migrated to Garamani, Jhapa in 1962. He completed his SLC exama from Adarsha Secondary School in 1970. While in Jhapa, Oli was influenced by the anti-Panchayat and Naxalbari movements. He credits his distant uncle Ramnath Dahal for his communist inclination.[16] [17] [18]

Early political career

Panchayat era (1970–1991)

After he turned eighteen in 1970, Oli became a member of his local chapter of a splinter group of the Communist Party of Nepal. He was arrested in the same year for his involvement in subversive politics. His group later joined the district committee of CPN (Manmohan). After the party split in 1972, he became the organizing secretary of a Coordination Committee for the Jhapa rebellion after former secretary Radha Krishna Mainali contracted tuberculosis. Oli, Mohan Chandra Adhikari and Ram Nath Dahal advocated for organizational expansion and public mobilization arguing that authorities would crack down on them for any violent activities.[19] A majority of the committee favored an armed struggle however and in February 1973 he was removed as secretary and had his membership stripped off by hardliners within the committee led by Chandra Prakash Mainali. The next month, Ramnath Dahal was killed by the Panchayat administration.

Following his removal as secretary, Oli went into hiding in Biratnagar. He then got into contact with Mohan Chandra who was in Kanpur, India at the time. In October 1973 upon his return to Nepal, he was arrested in Rautahat and was imprisoned until 1987.[20] He was first kept in Gaur prison but was moved around before being sent to the Central Jail in Golghar. There he was kept in solitary confinement for four years. Oli was made a central committee member of the Madan Bhandari-led CPN (Marxist–Leninist) while in jail and after his release in 1987 became involved in party activities. He was appointed the Lumbini Zonal chief for the United Left Front in 1989.[21]

Parliamentary politics (1991–2015)

After CPN (Marxist–Leninist) merged with CPN (Marxist) to form the CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) in 1991, Oli became a founding central committee member of the new party. Later that year he became the founding chairman of the Democratic National Youth Federation. In 1992, he was elected as a standing committee member of the party and was appointed as the chief of the party's publicity department. In the 1991 election, Oli was elected from Jhapa 6. Oli supported party general secretary Madan Bhandari's proposal of People's Multiparty Democracy as the party line in the fifth party congress in 1993. After Bhandari's death on 16 May 1993, a commission to conduct an investigation was made by prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala under the leadership of former supreme court justice Prachanda Raj Anil. The UML labeled the party as pro-Congress and formed their own commission headed by Oli. The report by Oli claimed that the crash was an assassination, while the government commission claimed that the incident was an accident.[22] [23]

He was reelected in the 1994 election from Jhapa 6 and became Home Minister in the minority government of Man Mohan Adhikari. Oli was a coordinator of the party's Mahakali treaty study team and played a key role in the treaty's endorsement in the parliament. He supported general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal at the party's sixth national congress which was boycotted by members led by deputy general secretary Bam Dev Gautam. The boycotting members were suspended by the party and they broke off and reconstituted the CPN (Marxist–Leninist) citing their opposition to the treaty and their unfair treatment within the party. He was reelected again in the 1999 election from Jhapa 2 and Jhapa 6, the latter of which he vacated. In the party's seventh congress in February 2003, Oli put forth a proposal to democratize the party structure and proposed a structure with a chairman and a general secretary. After he was outnumbered in the congress, he withdrew his proposal.[24] Following the royal coup by King Gyanendra in 2005, he was put under house arrest.[25] Following the 2006 revolution, Oli was appointed as deputy prime minister and foreign minister in Girija Prasad Koirala's interim cabinet.[26] He was also made chair of a cabinet committee to implement the High Level Probe Commission report which investigated abuses of state power and funds since the royal coup.[27] Oli lost in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election in Jhapa 7. At the party's eight general convention in 2009, his previous proposal for organizational changes was accepted. He was also reelected to the central committee by the congress but lost his bid for party chair to Jhala Nath Khanal.[28]

Premiership (2015–present)

In the 2013 Constituent Assembly election, Oli was elected from Jhapa 7. He also became the parliamentary party leader, defeating Khanal in the contest.[29] Oli again challenged for the party leadership at the ninth general convention in July 2015. He defeated former general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal and was elected as party chair.[30] [31]

First term (October 2015–July 2016)

See main article: First Oli cabinet. Following the promulgation of the new constitution, Oli was elected Prime Minister in a parliamentary vote on 11 October 2015,[32] receiving 338 votes out of 597 members in the Legislature Parliament. His candidacy was supported by the UCPN (Maoist), Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik) and 13 other small parties. He was sworn in on 12 October.[33]

His appointment came at the time of protests in the southern plains demanding revisions to the constitution and a blockade imposed by India. Amid deteriorating relations with India, his cabinet recalled Nepal's ambassador to India, Dip Kumar Upadhaya following differences with the cabinet.[34] On March 20, he went on a state visit to China where the two countries signed trade and transit treaties.[35] [36]

He resigned on 24 July 2016, after losing the support of his coalition partners. The main coalition partner CPN (Maoist Centre) and the opposition Nepali Congress had registered a no-confidence motion against his government on 14 July 2016.[37] [38]

Second and third terms (February 2018–August 2021)

See main article: Second Oli cabinet and Third Oli cabinet.

In the 2017 election, the alliance between the CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) gained a majority in the House of Representatives.[39] [40] Oli was elected from Jhapa 5 with a majority of over 28,000 votes.[41] He was unanimously elected as the leader of the parliamentary party on 15 February 2018.[42]

He was appointed prime minister for a second time on 15 February 2018 with the support of CPN (Maoist Centre). He passed the floor test on 11 March with 208 of 268 votes in the 275-member House of Representatives.[43] [44] Following the merger of the two coalition partners to form the Nepal Communist Party, he became co-chair of the new party along with Pushpa Kamal Dahal.[45] [46] After pressure within the party from Madhav Kumar Nepal and other leaders to either give up the party leadership or the premiership, Dahal was made the executive head of the party.[47] [48] He reshuffled his cabinet on 22 November to manage factions within the party.[49] [50] His government also received criticism from leader within the party including Bhim Rawal for their agreement with the Unites States government for grants under the Millennium Challenge Corporation.[51]

His handling of the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized within the party. Party members were critical of an agreement with a private company in China to purchase medical equipment, and unbeknownst to cabinet members assigning the responsibility to purchase medical equipment to the Nepali Army. The government's late response in evacuating Nepalese citizens was also criticized.[52] [53] He also received criticism for suggesting that the rising number of coronavirus cases were from individuals breaking the lockdown, especially those sneaking into Nepal from India. He also claimed that the corona is similar to the flu and that one should sneeze and drink hot water to drive the virus away.[54] [55]

In May 2020, the Oli government unveiled new maps of the country including the disputed territories of Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura in response to the inauguration of a road across the Lipulekh pass by India,[56] which led to a "cartographic war" between the two countries.[57] A constitutional amendment bill to amend the official map and emblem of the country passed unanimously.[58] [59] [60] [61]

Following calls within the party to resign, Oli reshuffled his cabinet again in October 2020 but was admonished for not consulting the party.[62] [63] Dahal presented a political document at a party secretariat meeting that accused K.P. Sharma Oli of not following the party's directions, unilaterally leading the government and turning a blind eye towards corruption.[64] In response, Oli attacked Dahal for not letting him run the government, promoting factionalism and nepotism as well as not letting victims of the Nepalese Civil War get justice.[65]

In 20 December 2020, K.P. Sharma Oli called on President Bidhya Devi Bhandari to dissolve the House of Representatives and call for fresh elections.[66] In an address to the nation, Oli said he dissolved the house after the party had not let him work as prime minister and that a no-confidence motion was being prepared against him from within the party.[67] The decision was met with criticism from within the party and seven ministers close to the Dahal–Nepal faction in his cabinet resigned in protest.[68] On 23 February 2021, a constitutional bench led by Chief Justice Cholendra Shumsher Rana declared the dissolution unconstitutional, and reinstated the House to meet within 13 days.[69] [70] Oli respected the verdict and convened parliament on 7 March.[71] [72]

On 7 March 2021, the Supreme Court ruled to award the Nepal Communist Party to Rishiram Kattel after he challenged the Election Commission's ruling of providing the name of his party to the NCP formed after the 2018 merger.[73] The verdict dissolved the ruling party jointly led by Oli and Dahal, reviving the former CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) parties.[74] This reduced Oli's government back to a coalition, exacerbating political tensions. The CPN (Maoist Centre) recalled its ministers on 13 March 2021 and withdrew its support from the Oli government on 5 May 2021, turning it into a minority government.[75] [76]

On 10 May 2021, Oli failed a vote of confidence with 93 of 232 in the House of Representatives, 43 below the 136 majority.[77] [78] He then became a minority Prime Minister on 13 May 2021, when no opposition party formed a majority or claimed it in time.[79] [80] A cabinet meeting chaired by prime minister and party chairman KP Sharma Oli recommended the president to dissolve the House of Representatives on 22 May 2021 after members of his party led by former prime ministers Madhav Kumar Nepal and Jhala Nath Khanal supported Nepali Congress leader Sher Bahadur Deuba as the next prime minister.[81] [82] On 12 July 2021, the constitutional bench of the Supreme Court formed to hear the opposition's writs against the dissolution. It declared the dissolution unconstitutional and ordered the appointment of Deuba as prime minister within 28 hours.[83] [84] [85] [86] After Nepal and Khanal were suspended by the party for disobeying party orders the party split in August the former party leaders forming the CPN (Unified Socialist).[87] [88] [89] Oli was re-elected party chair in the 10th general convention of the CPN (UML) in November 2021 defeating Bhim Rawal in the leadership election.[90] [91]

Fourth term (July 2024–present)

See main article: article and Fourth Oli cabinet. In the 2022 general election, his party became the second-largest party in the House of Representatives.[92] Oli was reelected from Jhapa 5 with a majority of over 29,000 votes.[93] After power-sharing talks broke down inside the ruling alliance, Oli and Dahal brokered a deal, backing Dahal's bid as prime minister.[94] The UML withdrew from the coalition government ahead of the presidential election in March 2023, but joined hands with Dahal again in March 2024.[95] [96]

Following disagreements with the prime minister and other coalition partners about the annual budget and citing the need for a stable government of national consensus, Oli and Nepali Congress' Deuba agreed on 1 July 2024 to form a rotational government with the two party chairs serving equal time as prime minister.[97] [98] CPN (UML) withdrew its support from the Dahal government, and following a failed a motion of confidence for Dahal in the House on 12 July, Oli was appointed prime minister for a fourth stint on 14 July as part of a coalition with the Nepali Congress, and sworn in the following day.[99] [100] [101]

Political positions

Oli credits his distant uncle Ramnath Dahal for his communist beliefs. As a student in Jhapa at the time, he was influenced by the Naxalite insurgency in West Bengal, India. He had not studied Marxism but had followed the line of Cultural Revolution in his earlier days. He later claimed that it was a "mistaken path".

Oli was regularly in conflict with "hardliners" that advocated for armed struggle against the Panchayat administration. He has been critical of the Maoists for the loss of life during the Civil War.

Relations with India

While organizing the Jhapa rebellion, organizers hired two Naxalite guerrillas to train their members. Oli supported Mohan Chandra Adhikari's opinion that their presence was part of India's imperialist ambitions in the region.

Oli played an important role in getting parliamentary support for the Mahakali treaty that was to be signed with India. The treaty was a reason cited for causing a split in the party and it led to Oli being seen as a pro-India leader.

During his first tenure in 2015, he pushed for closer ties with China following the blockade by India. In his second tenure his government brought in amendments to the constitution which added the disputed territories of Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura to the official map of the country in response to the inauguration of a road across Lipulekh by India.

Federalism and Republicanism

After the dissolution of the parliament in 2003, there were claims from some that Oli had dealings with the palace .[102] He had commented that turning Nepal into a republic would be like "making for America in a bullock cart".[103] Oli also defied party whip and was not present when the interim legislature declared Nepal as a republic.[104]

Oli has also been seen as favoring centralization. During his second term as prime minister he centralized more executive power into his post.[105] He has also been seen as unwilling to let provincial and local governments function autonomously.[106] [107]

Electoral history

ElectionHouseConstituencyPartyVotesResult
1991House of RepresentativesJhapa 621,049 Elected
1994House of RepresentativesJhapa 618,861 Elected
1999House of RepresentativesJhapa 218,909 Elected
Jhapa 623,749 Vacated
2008Constituent AssemblyJhapa 714,959 Lost
2013Constituent AssemblyJhapa 719,287 Elected
2017House of RepresentativesJhapa 557,139 Elected
2022House of RepresentativesJhapa 552,319 Elected

Personal life

Oli is married to Radhika Shakya. He met Shakya in 1987 an event organized by CPN (Marxist–Leninist) at Pulchowk Campus for recently released political prisoners. She was working as a temporary worker for Nepal Rastra Bank at the time, while studying at Patan Campus. The two married later that year in a wedding ceremony attended by 20 people.[108] [109]

He currently resides in Balkot, Bhaktapur but also has a residence in Damak, Jhapa.

Health issues

During his imprisonment, Oli contracted tuberculosis and he was also suffering from gastric ulcer. At the time of release, he was described to be extremely scrawny. After the 1990 revolution he developed problems in his kidneys. He underwent a kidney transplant in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi in 2007 and had a second transplant in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu in 2020.[110] [111] He was admitted to intensive care where he under dialysis for renal disease in November 2019.[112] [113]

Controversial claims

Oli is known for his tongue-in-cheek remarks and use of slang and various proverbs, often with double meanings and criticism, some directed to his own party.[114] Oli claims he learnt this technique during the Panchayat era when he was underground to entertain his colleagues. Sometimes he is alleged to be a "Comedian in Politics". Some of his controversial claims are:

Bibliography

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Court verdict on Nepal Communist Party (NCP) and possible after-effects. 31 March 2021. The Kathmandu Post. 10 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210310170225/https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2021/03/10/supreme-court-decision-on-nepal-communist-party-ncp-and-possible-aftereffects. live.
  2. News: Nepal's Maoists, liberal communists unite as biggest left party. 31 March 2021. Reuters. 17 May 2018. 13 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210713083547/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nepal-politics-idUSKCN1II2BW. live.
  3. Web site: PM Oli to celebrate birthday at birthplace in Tehrathum. English.khabarhub.com. 2 May 2022. 27 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220327055309/https://english.khabarhub.com/2020/18/76368/. live.
  4. Web site: KP Sharma Oli sworn in as prime minister . 15 July 2024 . kathmandupost.com . English.
  5. Web site: 15 July 2024 . Nepal's New Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli Sworn In . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717031127/https://www.barrons.com/news/nepal-s-new-prime-minister-kp-sharma-oli-sworn-in-3a6f9dcd . 17 July 2024 . 17 July 2024 . Barron's . en.
  6. Web site: Oli elected 38th Prime Minister of Nepal (Update). The Kathmandu Post. 11 October 2015. 17 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025017/http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2015-10-11/oli-elected-38th-pm-of-nepal.html. dead.
  7. Web site: Oli appointed as 41st PM of Nepal. My Republica Online. 15 February 2018. 15 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180215144010/http://www.myrepublica.com/news/36371/. live.
  8. Web site: KP Sharma Oli appointed Nepal's new prime minister. Aljazeera.com. 15 February 2018. 15 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180215132403/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/02/kp-sharma-oli-appointed-nepal-prime-minister-180215113017547.html. live.
  9. Web site: 2021-05-15 . Oli sworn in as prime minister . 2024-07-19 . The Himalayan Times.
  10. News: . Nepali leader says India 'breaking international law' . en . Bangkok Post . 13 January 2023 . 5 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230105163541/https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/713212/nepali-leader-says-india-breaking-international-law . live .
  11. Web site: 1 August 2020. Want to push for continued advancement of China-Nepal ties: Xi Jinping. 2 September 2020. The Indian Express. en. 7 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200807164922/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/want-to-push-for-continued-advancement-of-china-nepal-ties-xi-jinping-6534401/. live.
  12. Web site: 13 June 2020. Nepal gets a new political map, Coat of Arms. 17 October 2020. The Himalayan Times. en-US. 20 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201020191514/https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepals-new-political-map/. live.
  13. Web site: ओली आफैले उखान टुक्काको रहस्य यसरी खोले. 7 May 2021. pahilopost.com. 7 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507005616/https://pahilopost.com/content/-8547.html. live.
  14. Web site: Oli now has problems with the way the media addresses individuals. 7 May 2021. Kathmandupost.com. English. 7 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507005617/https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2019/10/15/oli-now-has-problems-with-the-way-the-media-addresses-individuals. live.
  15. Web site: 9 December 2020. भ्रष्टाचार रोक्ने प्रधानमन्त्री ओलीको दृढता पुरा हुन 'गर्नै पर्ने चार मुख्य काम'. 7 May 2021. BBC News नेपाली. ne. 7 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507005615/https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-55244757. live.
  16. Web site: KP Oli’s early life and influences . 2024-07-18 . Record Nepal . English.
  17. Web site: Forged by hardship, communist rebellion . 2024-07-18 . kathmandupost.com . English.
  18. Web site: केपी ओलीको लक्की नम्बर: ०२७ देखि ०७२ सम्म ! . 2024-07-18 . Online Khabar . en-US.
  19. Web site: Rai . Dewan . 2018-03-30 . Oli and the Jhapa Rebellion . https://web.archive.org/web/20230715132255/https://www.recordnepal.com/oli-and-the-jhapa-rebellion . 2023-07-15 . 2021-02-25 . The Record . en-US.
  20. Web site: केपी ओलीका पाँच रहस्य : उखु गोडाइदेखि महाकाली सन्धीसम्म ! . 2024-07-18 . Online Khabar . en-US.
  21. Web site: केपी ओलीको लक्की नम्बर: ०२७ देखि ०७२ सम्म ! . 2024-07-18 . Online Khabar . en-US.
  22. Bhattachan . Krishna B. . 1994 . Nepal in 1993: Business as Usual . Asian Survey . 34 . 2 . 175–180 . 10.2307/2645119 . 0004-4687.
  23. Web site: A . Justin . 24 May 2009 . UML leader accuses Maoists of having assassinated Madan Bhandari . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190331053856/https://www.groundreport.com/uml-leader-accuses-maoists-of-having-assassinated-madan-bhandari/ . 31 March 2019 . 13 January 2023 . Ground Report . en-US.
  24. Web site: Pokharel . Mukesh . ओली–नेपालको ‘इगो’ले फुट्यो एमाले . 2024-07-18 . Himalkhabar.
  25. News: 2006-01-22 . Police and protesters clash in Nepali capital . 2024-07-18 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  26. Web site: Nepal prime minister names cabinet . 2024-07-18 . Al Jazeera . en.
  27. The Road Ahead . Group . International Crisis . 2006 . International Crisis Group . Page 23–Page 29.
  28. Web site: Chalise . Vijaya . 2009-03-01 . New UML leadership : Time to move together . 2024-07-18 . The Himalayan Times.
  29. News: 4 February 2014 . Oli elected as UML PP leader . dead . https://archive.today/20140204150108/http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/02/04/top-story/oli-elected-as-uml-pp-leader/384914.html . 4 February 2014 . 4 February 2014 . eKantipur.
  30. Web site: UML 9th GC: Oli wins leadership race against Nepal . 2024-07-18 . kathmandupost.com . English.
  31. News: 15 July 2014 . Oli elected UML chairman mixed results in other posts . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140717234905/http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=KP+Oli+elected+as+CPN-UML+chairman&NewsID=421225 . 17 July 2014 . 15 July 2014 . The Himalayan Times.
  32. News: Oli as 41st PM of Nepall. 15 February 2018. Bolchhanepal.com. 15 February 2018. 16 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025221/https://www.bolchhanepal.com/oli-41st-pm-nepal/. live.
  33. Web site: 2015-10-12 . Nepal's new premier names protest group leaders as deputies . 2024-07-18 . AP News . en.
  34. Web site: Pandey . Lekhanath . 2016-05-06 . Govt recalls Ambassador Deep Kumar Upadhyay from India . 2024-07-18 . The Himalayan Times.
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