The Astronomical Calculation Institute (German: '''Astronomisches Rechen-Institut'''; ARI) is a research institute in Heidelberg, Germany, dating from the 1700s. Beginning in 2005, the ARI became part of the Center for Astronomy at Heidelberg University (German: Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, German: ZAH). Previously, the institute directly belonged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.
The ARI has a rich history.[1] It was founded in 1700 in Berlin-Dahlem by Gottfried Kirch. It had its origin in a patent application by Frederick I of Prussia, who introduced a monopoly on publishing star catalogs in Prussia. In 1945 the Institute was moved by the Americans nearer to the United States Army Garrison Heidelberg. On January 1, 2005 the combined Center for Astronomy institute formed by combining ARI, with the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics (German: Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, ITA) and the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl ("Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory", LSW).
The ARI has been responsible among other things for the Gliese catalog of nearby stars, the fundamental catalogs FK5 and FK6, and the annually-published "Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars" (APFS),[2] stellar ephemerides that provide high-precision mean and apparent positions of over three thousand stars for each day.
During 1938–1945, whilst based in Berlin, ARI published the academic journal Astronomical Notes (German: Astronomische Nachrichten)., ARI was not limited to only publishing star catalogs, but has a wider research scope, including gravitational lensing, galaxy evolution, stellar dynamics, and cosmology. ARI is also involved in space astronomy missions including the Gaia mission.
In 2007 professors Eva K. Grebel and Joachim Wambsganß (de) became co-directors of the institute.
Other researchers involved with the institute include Hartmut Jahreiß author of the updated Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars; Eugene Rabe; Lutz D. Schmadel, author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names; Hans Scholl; and Rainer Spurzem working with N-body simulations.
Between 1700 and 2007 there was a single director of the institute at a time. From 2007 onwards there were joint co-directors of the institute:
| From/to | Director | |
|---|---|---|
| 1700–1710 | Gottfried Kirch | |
| 1710–1716 | Johann Heinrich Hoffmann | |
| 1716–1740 | Christfried Kirch | |
| 1740–1745 | Johann Wilhelm Wagner | |
| 1745–1749 | August Nathanael Grischow | |
| 1752–1752 | Joseph Jerome Le Francais de Lalande | |
| 1754–1755 | Johann Kies | |
| 1755–1755 | Franz Ulrich Theodosius Aepinus | |
| 1756–1756 | Johann Jakob Huber | |
| 1758–1758 | Johann Albert Euler | |
| 1764–1787 | Johann III Bernoulli | |
| 1787–1825 | Johann Elert Bode | |
| 1825–1863 | Johann Franz Encke | |
| 1865–1874 | Wilhelm Foerster | |
| 1874–1895 | Friedrich Tietjen | |
| 1896–1909 | Julius Bauschinger | |
| 1909–1922 | Fritz Cohn (de) | |
| 1924–1954 | August Kopff | |
| 1955–1985 | Walter Fricke | |
| 1985–2004 | Roland Wielen | |
| 2004–2007 | Joachim Wambsganß (de) | |
| 2007–pres. | Eva Grebel / Joachim Wambsganß |