Justice in eyre explained

In English law, the justices in eyre were the highest magistrates, and presided over the court of justice-seat, a triennial court held to punish offenders against the forest law and enquire into the state of the forest and its officers (eyre, meaning "circuit", refers to the movement of the court between the different royal forests).

Technically, the two justices were referred to as citra and ultra Trent (on the same side or across the River Trent), depending on where the royal court was held at the time, but are usually referred to in absolute geographical terms north and south. A holder was earlier usually referred to as a "justice of the forest" until the reign of Henry VIII, when the title of "justice in eyre" prevailed, except from 1311 to 1397, when they were usually styled "warden of the forest". However, they were "justices in eyre" in the Treason Act 1351 (under which it was high treason to kill them in the execution of their office).

Henry de Bracton says that it was the practice of the justices to retire and confer with the busones of the county. In these busones we can see the persons whose names appear in the commissions of gaol delivery, oyer, and terminer, and who were in later days, as justices of the peace, to rule the county.

With the decay of forest law and the lapse of the court of justice-seat, the post became a sinecure. A statute of 1817, 57 Geo. 3. c. 61, abolished it after the decease of the current holders.

List

Early justices

The arrangement of justices north and south of Trent did not become fixed until 1236.

North of the Trent

South of the Trent

References

. A History of English Law . 1 . William Searle Holdsworth . 1922 . . 3 . 48555551 .

Notes and References

  1. 19933. Neville, Geoffrey de. 23 September 2004. Pollard. A. F.. Stacey. Robert C..
  2. 28255. Vescy, William de, Lord Vescy. Waugh. Scott L.. 22 September 2005.
  3. 5658. Clifford, Robert, first Lord Clifford. Summerson. Henry. 3 October 2013.
  4. 25038. Seagrave [Segrave], John, second Lord Seagrave. Musson. A. J.. 23 September 2004.
  5. 10463. Gaveston, Piers, earl of Cornwall. Hamilton. J. S.. 3 January 2008.
  6. 21928. Percy, Henry, first Lord Percy. Bean. J. M. W.. 23 September 2004.
  7. 24957. Scrope, Sir Henry. Tait. James. Ramsay. Nigel. 23 September 2004.
  8. 19966. Neville, Sir William. Thomson. John A. F.. 23 September 2004.
  9. Book: en. Cokayne. George Edward. George Edward Cokayne. White. Geoffrey H.. 1949. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Rickerton to Sisonby). 11. 2nd. The St Catherine Press. London. registration. 396.
  10. Book: en. Cokayne. George Edward. George Edward Cokayne. Doubleday. Herbert Arthur. Howard de Walden. Thomas. Thomas Scott-Ellis, 8th Baron Howard de Walden. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Moels to Nuneham). 9. 1936. 2nd. The St. Catherine Press. London. registration. 716–717.
  11. Book: en. Cokayne. George Edward. George Edward Cokayne. White. Geoffrey H.. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Tracton to Zouche). 12.2. 1959. 2nd. The St. Catherine Press. London. registration. 390.
  12. 21935. Percy, Henry, fourth earl of Northumberland. Ellis. Steven G.. 14 September 2023.
  13. Book: en. Cokayne. George Edward. George Edward Cokayne. Doubleday. Herbert Arthur. Howard de Walden. Thomas. Thomas Scott-Ellis, 8th Baron Howard de Walden. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Moels to Nuneham). 9. 1936. 2nd. The St. Catherine Press. London. registration. 613.
  14. Arthur Hogue, Origins of the Common Law pp. 154–58 (1985).

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Justice in eyre".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2025, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.