Jürgen Schadeberg Explained

Jürgen Schadeberg
Birth Date:	18 March 1931
Birth Place:	Berlin, Germany
Death Place:	La Drova, Valencia, Spain
Field:	Photography

Jürgen Schadeberg (18 March 1931^[1] 29 August 2020^[2]) was a German-born South African photographer and artist. He photographed key moments in South African history, including iconic photographs such as Nelson Mandela at Robben Island prison. He also lived, worked and taught in London and Spain, and photographed in many African countries.

His work is held in the collections of the UK Arts Council, National Portrait Gallery, Tate and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

Life

Jürgen Schadeberg was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1931 where he grew up during the Nazi regime and World War II. In the aftermath of the war, his mother began a relationship with a British officer in the army of occupation and emigrated with him to South Africa in 1947. Schadeberg learned to be a photographer at the Deutsche Presseagentur (German Press Agency).^[3] He moved to South Africa to rejoin his family in 1950 and, the following year, found employment on Drum magazine as official photographer and layout artist.^{[4] [5] [6]}

Schadeberg became the senior figure of the group and a teacher and mentor to some of the most creative South African photographers of his time, including Bob Gosani, Ernest Cole, and later Peter Magubane.^[7] As one of the few white photographers who photographed daily life among the black community, he became knowledgeable about black life and culture. As a result, he captured on film the beginnings of the freedom movement, the effects of apartheid, and the vibrancy of township life. Schadeberg photographed many historic and pivotal events in the 1950s among them the Defiance Campaign of 1952, the 1956 Treason Trial, the Sophiatown removals of 1955, the Sophiatown jazz and social scene,^[8] the Sharpeville funeral of 1960, and pictures of Robben Island inmates.^[9] Some of the famous people he photographed include Nelson Mandela,^[10] Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo, Trevor Huddleston, and Govan Mbeki. He also documented 1950s jazz legends such as Thandi Klaasen, Hugh Masekela, Kippie Moeketsi and Miriam Makeba.^{[11] [12]} He made documentations of everyday life. When Drum wanted the singer Dolly Rathebe to be the cover girl for one of their issues, Schadeberg took her to a Johannesburg mine dump and photographed her in a bikini. The two were arrested for contravening the Immorality Act which forbade interracial relationships.^[13]

In 1959, Schadeberg left Drum to become a freelancer. He was part of an expedition led by Professor Phillip V. Tobias from the University of the Witwatersrand to study the Bushmen, publishing images in The Kalahari Bushmen Dance in 1982.

Schadeberg felt forced by increasing civil unrest to leave South Africa, and in 1964 went to London, where he was picture editor of Camera Owner magazine (forerunner of Creative Camera),^[14] into which he incorporated a stronger sense of design and increased its pictorial content, and from April to July 1965 he was its editor.^{[15] [16]} He also taught and curated photographic exhibitions in England, notably for the Whitechapel Art Gallery.^[7] He then moved to Spain where he focused on a career as an artist. In 1972, he returned to Africa where he accepted a position as photographer for Christian Aid in Botswana and Tanzania. In 1973 he travelled in Senegal, Mali, Kenya and Zaire, taking photographs.

In 1985, Schadeberg returned to South Africa, where he lived with his wife Claudia. He continued to work as a photojournalist, and also made documentaries about the black community until 2007, when he returned to Europe.

Death

Schadeberg died from a stroke at his home in, Valencia, Spain, on 29 August 2020, aged 89.^{[17] [18]}

Publications

• The Fifties People of South Africa : the lives of some ninety-five people who were influential in South Africa during the fifties, a period which saw the first stirrings of the coming revolution / with photos by Bob Gosani ... [et al.], Bailey's African Photo Archives, 1987,
• The Finest photos from the old Drum, Bailey's African Photo Archives, 1987; Penguin Books [distributor],
• The Kalahari Bushmen Dance, Jürgen Schadeberg, 1982,
• Nelson Mandela and the Rise of the ANC / compiled and edited by Jürgen Schadeberg ; photographs by Ian Berry ... [et al.] ; text by Benson Dyantyi ...[et al.], Jonathan Ball, 1990,
• Sof'town Blues: images from the black '50s, J. Schadeberg, 1994,
• Voices from Robben Island, Ravan Press, 1994,
• The Black and White Fifties : Jürgen Schadeberg's South Africa, Protea, 2001, ^[19]
• Soweto today, Protea Book House, 2002,
• Who Killed Mr. Drum? / Sylvester Stein / photography by Jürgen Schadeberg, Corvo Books, 2003,
• The Book of Life, UN Development Programme, 2004,
• Witness: 52 Years of Pointing Lenses at Life, Protea Book House, 2004,
• Voices from the Land, Protea Book House, 2005,
• Tales from Jozi, Protea Book House, 2007,
• Jürgen Schadeberg, Hatje Cantz Verlag, edited by Ralf-P. Seippel, 2008, German/English/French,

Film and video

• Ernest Cole — Video, 52 minutes. The life and work of a courageous and pioneering black photographer^[20]
• Voices from Robben Island — 16 mm, 90 minutes. The history of the infamous island prison, a BBC co-production^[21]

• Have You Seen Drum Recently? — 35 mm, 77 minutes. The vibrant and turbulent 1950s in South Africa, with original music and photographs from Drum magazine.^[22]
• The seven ages of music — Video, 56 minutes. A musical trip through history, from San singing to Hugh Masekela
• Dolly & the Inkspots — Video, 26 minutes. The life and memories of this legendary jazz singing combination

Collections

Schadeberg's work is held in the following permanent collections:

• Arts Council Collection, UK: 2 prints (as of September 2020)^[23]
• National Portrait Gallery, London

8 prints (as of September 2020)^[24]

• Tate, London: 3 prints (as of September 2020)^[25]
• Victoria and Albert Museum, London: 2 prints (as of September 2020)^[26]

External links

• • • Jürgen Schadeberg artnet.de
• Jürgen Schadeberg's gallery gallery-seippel.com
• Karin Andreasson: Jürgen Schadeberg's best shot: Hans Prignitz's handstand over Hamburg (interview) The Guardian 8 May 2014

Notes and References

1. https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/jurgen-schadeberg Jürgen Schadeberg
2. Ted Botha: Famous Mandela Photographer at Drum Magazine Jürgen Schadeberg Dies sapeople.com 30 August 2020
3. Web site: Döring . Laura . Mandelas Fotograf: Jürgen Schadeberg . 7 October 2013 . . de . 31 August 2020 .
4. Newbury, Darren. "Johannesburg Lunch-Hour 1951–1963: The emergence and development of the humanist photographic essay in Drum magazine." In Journalism Studies 8 April 2007, pp 584-594.
5. The Finest photos from the old Drum, Bailey's African Photo Archives, 1987; Penguin Books [distributor],
6. Enwezor, O. (1 January 2013). 'A critical presence: Drum magazine in context'. In Modern Art in Africa, Asia, and Latin America: an Introduction to Global Modernisms, 58-62.
7. News: Jürgen Schadeberg . Link Portfolio . 19 April 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080820045323/http://www.linkpicturelibrary.com/jurgen_gallery.htm . 20 August 2008 .
8. Sof'town Blues: images from the black '50s, J. Schadeberg, 1994,
9. Jürgen Schadeberg, Voices from Robben Island, Ravan Press, 1994,
10. Nelson Mandela and the Rise of the ANC / compiled and edited by Jürgen Schadeberg ; photographs by Ian Berry ... [et al.] ; text by Benson Dyantyi ...[et al.], Jonathan Ball, 1990,
11. Matthew Oxley: The Father of South African Photography - Jürgen Schadeberg (interview) worldphoto.org 2017
12. https://us.leica-camera.com/Leica-Galleries/Leica-Gallery-Prague/News-Program/A-TRIBUTE-TO-THE-MASTERS-OF-PHOTOGRAPHY-J%C3%BCrgen-Schadeberg A Tribute to the Masters of Photography / Jürgen Schadeberg
13. News: Dolly Rathebe . S A History . 3 December 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071010143011/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/rathebe-d.htm . 10 October 2007 . dead .
14. Brittain, David (1999). Creative camera : thirty years of writing. Manchester University Press. .
15. David Allan Mellor, "A Contextual Chronology", p.150. In David Allan Mellor, ed., No Such Thing as Society: Photography in Britain 1967–87: From the British Council and the Arts Council Collection (London: Hayward, 2007;).
16. Val Williams, 'Crowned with Thorns: Creative Camera 1965-1978'. In Creative Camera No.321, April–May 1993
17. News: Cowell . Alan . 30 August 2020 . Jürgen Schadeberg, Whose Photos Chronicled Apartheid, Dies at 89 . . New York City . 31 August 2020.
18. https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/general/2351681/celebrated-photographer-jurgen-schadeberg-dies-aged-89/ Celebrated photographer Jürgen Schadeberg dies, aged 89
19. https://books.google.com/books?id=a1opAQAAIAAJ&q=J%C3%BCrgen+Schadeberg+18th+March+1931 The Black and White Fifties: Jurgen Schadeberg's South Africa
20. David Smith: Life through a lens: Ernest Cole photographs shed light on apartheid The Guardian 25 November 2010
21. https://archive.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/za-com-mm-163 Voices from Robben Island
22. https://web.archive.org/web/20211112125131/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79d97975 Have You Seen Drum Recently? (1989)
23. Web site: 2020-09-02. Schadeberg, Jurgen. Arts Council Collection.
24. Web site: 2020-09-02. Jurgen Schadeberg - National Portrait Gallery. National Portrait Gallery.
25. Web site: Tate. 2020-09-02. Jurgen Schadeberg born 1931. Tate.
26. Web site: 2020-09-02. Your Search Results. Victoria and Albert Museum.