Junkers A 35 Explained
Junkers A 35 was a two-seater cantilever monoplane, used for postal, training and military purposes. The aircraft was designed in the 1920s by
Junkers in
Germany and manufactured at
Dessau and by
AB Flygindustri in
Limhamn,
Sweden and conversions from A 20s were made in
Fili, Russia.
[1] Design and development
The A 35 was a development of a series of Junkers aircraft from 1918, starting with the J10/J11, the A 20, A 25, A 32, and finally the A 35. It was originally intended as a two-seat multi-purpose fighter aircraft and made its first flight in 1926. Due to the post-war restrictions, Hugo Junkers and the Soviet Government signed a contract about the setup of an aircraft facility at Fili in Russia in December 1922.[1]
In 1926, the first Junkers L5 engines were mounted on the Junkers A 20s. With some further tail modifications the new aircraft was designated as A 35. A total of 24 aircraft were originally built as A 35s. A number of A 20s and A 25s were also modified with the Junkers L5 engine. The A 35 was also available with a BMW IV engine.[1]
Versions
- Junkers A 20
The version manufactured in Limhamn was called R02 and the version manufactured in Fili was called Ju 20
- Junkers A 20L
Landplane version.
- Junkers A 20W
Floatplane version.
- Junkers A 25
The version manufactured in Limhamn was called R41 and the version manufactured in Fili was called Type A
- Junkers A 35
The militarized version manufactured in Limhamn was called K53/R53 and the version manufactured in Fili was called Type 20.[2] The Junkers R53 was first built as in 1926 as a military version of the Junkers A35. It was equipped with a Junkers L5 engine and a machine gun over the rear seat by AB Flygindustri in Limhamn and this version was designated as the Junkers/AFI R53. It was sold to different countries from Sweden to avoid the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles. Most of these R53 were converted Junkers A35 or A20 civil aircraft, which had been built at Dessau. Some were delivered to Turkey as modified A20s, a further 20 aircraft went to Russia and 21 militarized R53 were sold to China.Operators
Afghanistan
Bulgaria
- 21 K53 aircraft[2] were sold to Chinese warlords, 10 to Zhang Zongchang of Shandong, 9 to Zhang Xueliang of Manchuria, 1 to Yan Xishan of Shanxi, 1 sold to Liu Xiang of Sichuan.[3]
Germany
- Imperial Iranian Air Force
Spanish Republic
- Turkish Air Force – 64 A20 aircraft,[4] Together with the Turkish Government Junkers set up a factory at Kayseri under the name TOMTAŞ. At this factory the delivered A20 aircraft, modified to A35's, were militarized with machine guns and bomb slots.[2]
Bibliography
- Andersson, Lennart. "Chinese 'Junks': Junkers Aircraft Exports to China 1925-1940". Air Enthusiast, No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 2–7.
- Andersson. Lennart. Junker's Two-seaters, Part One. Air Enthusiast. 1991. 44 . 70–77 . 0143-5450.
- Andersson. Lennart. Histoire de l'aéronautique persane, 1921–1941: La première aviation du Chah d'Iran . Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire . July 1998 . 76 . 2–12 . History of the Persian Air Force, 1921–1941: The First Aircraft of the Shah of Iran . French . 1243-8650.
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Zoeller . Horst . Junkers International Activities . geocities.com/hjunkers . 16 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091027063735/http://www.geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_intl.htm . 27 October 2009 . 6 March 1998.
- Web site: Zoeller . Horst . Junkers A20/A25/A35 . geocities.com/hjunkers . 16 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090831183841/http://geocities.com/hjunkers/ju_a20_a1.htm . dead . 31 August 2009.
- Web site: Thornburg . Chris . World Air Forces - Historical Listings : China Warlords . World Air Forces - Historical Listings . 16 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100221075706/http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/china/chinawarlords.html . 21 February 2010 . 3 December 2006.
- Book: Albrecht . Ulrich . Nikutta . Randolph Nikutta . Soviet armaments industry. . 1994 . Harwood Academic . 978-3-7186-5313-3.
