Tornado outbreak sequence of June 1966 explained

Tornado outbreak sequence of June 1966
Type:	Tornado outbreak
Active:	June 3–12
Tornadoes:	57
Fujitascale:	F5
Tornado Duration:	~11 days
Casualties:	18 fatalities, 543 injuries
Damages:	$250 million (1966 USD) $ million (USD)
Partof:	the tornado outbreaks of 1966

The Tornado outbreak sequence of June 1966 was a series of tornado outbreaks which occurred between June 2 and June 12. The nearly two week event of severe weather was mainly concentrated in the Midwestern (Great Plains) region of the United States, but was widely spread out to areas as far south as Texas and Florida, and as far east as New York.

The most destructive tornado of this event occurred on the early evening of Wednesday, June 8, 1966, when Topeka, Kansas was struck by an F5 rated tornado. It started on the southwest side of town, moving northeast, passing through several subdivisions and over a local landmark named Burnett's Mound. 57 tornadoes were confirmed during the 11-day span, which left 18 people dead and 543 injured (16 of the 18 deaths and 450 of the injuries were attributed to the Topeka tornado).

Confirmed tornadoes

June 3 event

List of reported tornadoes - Friday, June 3, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
South Dakota
bgcolor=#	F?	Aurora	43.9°N -98.9°W	2300	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported. Tornado was confirmed but was not given a rating.
bgcolor=#	F0	Yankton	42.9°N -97.4°W	0200	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
Sources: http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com/tornado.php,^[1]

June 4 event

List of reported tornadoes - Saturday, June 4, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Colorado
bgcolor=#	F0	Logan	40.93°N -103.18°W	2300	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
Wisconsin
bgcolor=#	F2	Oconto	45.02°N -88.38°W	0100	5.4miles	First of the F2 triplet tornadoes in Oconto County. Barns were destroyed.
bgcolor=#	F2	Oconto	44.95°N -88.33°W	0100	4.9miles	Second of the F2 triplet tornadoes in Oconto County.
bgcolor=#	F2	Oconto	44.88°N -88.3°W	0100	4.7miles	Last of the F2 triplet tornadoes in Oconto County.
Nebraska
bgcolor=#	F?	Morrill	41.73°N -102.87°W	0148	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
South Dakota
bgcolor=#	F2	Gregory	43.23°N -99.43°W	330	1miles	1.5 mile wide tornado caused severe damage.

June 5 event

List of reported tornadoes - Sunday, June 5, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Nebraska
bgcolor=#	F2	Boone	41.7°N -98.17°W	0608	0.7miles	1 Injury – Brief touchdown injured one person.
bgcolor=#	F?	Madison	41°N -97.6°W	0612	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported. Tornado was confirmed but was not given an F-Scale intensity.
Minnesota
bgcolor=#	F0	Pipestone	43.97°N -96.08°W	1200	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Oklahoma
bgcolor=#	F0	Baine	35.85°N -98.47°W	2300	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
bgcolor=#	F2	Kay	36.83°N -97.4°W	2350	2.5miles	1 Injury – A house was pushed 12 feet off of its foundation and another was badly damaged. Barns were destroyed as well.
bgcolor=#	F0	Garfield	36.48°N -97.88°W	0030	4.3miles	No damage reported. First of four tornadoes to hit Garfield County in only 30 minutes.
bgcolor=#	F1	Grant	36.67°N -97.62°W	0030	1.4miles	Quarter-mile-wide tornado caused damage to structures.
bgcolor=#	F2	Garfield	36.47°N -97.88°W	0035	0.1miles	6 Injuries – Tornado struck Enid and caused $250,000 in damages. 3 trailers were destroyed and 3 others were damaged. 11 homes had their roofs torn off and 112 others were damaged. Boxcars were overturned and a truck garage was destroyed. Second of four tornadoes to hit Garfield County in only 30 minutes.
bgcolor=#	F0	Garfield	36.3°N -98.1°W	0055	3.8miles	Third of four tornadoes to hit Garfield County in only 30 minutes.
bgcolor=#	F1	Garfield	36.37°N -97.9°W	0100	5.7miles	Last of four tornadoes to hit Garfield County in only 30 minutes.
Missouri
bgcolor=#	F1	Gentry	40.23°N -94.28°W	0000	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Iowa
bgcolor=#	F2	Linn	42.28°N -91.5°W	0430	0.1miles

June 6 event

List of reported tornadoes - Monday, June 6, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Kentucky
bgcolor=#	F2	McCracken, Madison	36.97°N -88.62°W	1800	18.5miles	Strong tornado injured two. Grazulis did not list this event, impling that the damage was actually caused by straight-line winds.^[2]
Florida
bgcolor=#	F1	Pinellas	27.92°N -82.75°W	2030	0.3miles	Brief touchdown injured one.

June 7 event

List of reported tornadoes - Tuesday, June 7, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Kansas
bgcolor=#	F?	Wallace	38.85°N -101.7°W	2310	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported. Tornado was confirmed but was not given an F-Scale intensity.
bgcolor=#	F0	McPherson	38.2°N -97.52°W	2330	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
bgcolor=#	F?	Ellis	38.78°N -99.48°W	0100	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage. Tornado was confirmed but was not given an F-Scale intensity.
Missouri
bgcolor=#	F0	Stoddard	37.1°N -89.92°W	2330	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Oklahoma
bgcolor=#	F0	Ellis	37.1°N -89.92°W	0000	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.

June 8 event

List of reported tornadoes - Wednesday, June 8, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Florida
bgcolor=#	F0	Miami-Dade	25.75°N -80.25°W	1200	4.9miles	No damage reported.
bgcolor=#	F1	Miami-Dade	25.6°N -80.3°W	1700	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Kansas
bgcolor=#	F0	Rice	38.25°N -98.4°W	2118	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
bgcolor=#	F2	Clay	39.13°N -97.15°W	2337	8.9miles	Caused damage to farms.
bgcolor=#	F3	Riley	39.07°N -96.77°W	0000	13.8miles	At least 65 Injuries – Enormous 1.2 mile wide tornado, caused $5 million in damage in Manhattan. KSU campus sustained $1,850,000 in damage alone. 11 homes were destroyed and others were unroofed. An apartment building and 66 trailers were destroyed as well.^[3]
bgcolor=#	F5	Shawnee	38.92°N -95.92°W	0100	21.1miles	16 Deaths 450 Injuries – See section on this tornado
bgcolor=#	F2	Leavenworth	39.23°N -95.03°W	0115	8.2miles	Trailers were destroyed and a home was unroofed. First of two tornadoes to hit Leavenworth County.
bgcolor=#	F4	Leavenworth	39.17°N -95.18°W	0200	19.9miles	1 Death 2 Injuries – One home was leveled and a car was thrown and destroyed. Second of two tornadoes to hit Leavenworth County.
Oklahoma
bgcolor=#	F1	Caddo	35.48°N -98.4°W	2330	0.5miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
bgcolor=#	F0	Washita	35.3°N -98.8°W	0000	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
bgcolor=#	F0	Caddo	35.17°N -98.2°W	0120	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.

June 9 event

List of reported tornadoes - Thursday, June 9, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Illinois
bgcolor=#	F0	Cook	42.1°N -88.02°W	1110	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
bgcolor=#	F2	Cook	42.1°N -88.02°W	1115	0.1miles	Brief touchdown.
bgcolor=#	F2	Cook	42.1°N -87.93°W	1120	2.5miles	1 Death 30 Injuries – Tornado unroofed homes and apartment buildings in the area. A trailer was destroyed as well.
Florida
bgcolor=#	F1	Jackson	30.8°N -85.23°W	1200	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
bgcolor=#	F?	Jackson	30.8°N -85.23°W	1605	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported. Tornado was confirmed but was not given an F-Scale intensity.
Michigan
bgcolor=#	F2	Barry	42.25°N -85.38°W	1400	2miles	Tornado caused moderate damage in the area.
New York
bgcolor=#	F0	Erie	42.63°N -78.55°W	2200	1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.

June 10 event

List of reported tornadoes - Friday, June 10, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Texas
bgcolor=#	F2	Swisher	34.35°N -101.73°W	0130	36.9miles	Long track tornado.
bgcolor=#	F1	Swisher	34.35°N -101.73°W	0130	2miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
bgcolor=#	F0	Swisher	34.65°N -101.5°W	0130	2miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.

June 11 event

List of reported tornadoes - Saturday, June 11, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Minnesota
bgcolor=#	F1	Minnesota	47.18°N -95.92°W	2115	1.9miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
bgcolor=#	F4	Crow Wing, Cass	46.63°N -94.37°W	2300	72.8miles	Very long track half-mile-wide tornado completely leveled several farms, and damaged at least 20 others. Two homes sustained near F5-damage with only clean slabs remaining. Thousands of trees were snapped and 3 people were injured.
Iowa
bgcolor=#	F2	Polk	41.57°N -93.55°W	2345	12.2miles
bgcolor=#	F2	Mitchell	43.38°N -92.9°W	0100	1miles
bgcolor=#	F1	Marshall	41.83°N -92.97°W	0145	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
bgcolor=#	F2	Boone	42.08°N -93.87°W	0230	2miles
bgcolor=#	F1	Story	42.2°N -93.4°W	0300	2miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.

June 12 event

List of reported tornadoes - Sunday, June 12, 1966
F#	County	Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Damage
Kansas
bgcolor=#	F1	Douglas	39.05°N -95.45°W	2201	0.1miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Missouri
bgcolor=#	F0	Clay	39.3°N -94.52°W	2245	0.1miles	Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
bgcolor=#	F1	Monroe	39.52°N -92.17°W	2330	0.2miles	Brief touchdown caused minor damage.
Texas
bgcolor=#	F3	Denton	33.3°N -97°W	0045	3.6miles

Topeka, Kansas

Topeka, Kansas
Fujitascale:	F5
Tornado Duration:	36 minutes
Casualties:	16 fatalities, 450 injuries
Damages:	$250 million (1966 USD)^[4]
Enhanced:	no

A violent tornado began developing at 6:55 p.m. Central Time on June 8, touching down 8miles west of the city. The National Weather Service could not detect the developing tornado on radar as the Topeka forecast office used a modified military radar that was donated by the U.S. government after World War II. While it was state-of-the-art for the time, it had limited ability to detect tornadic activity compared to Doppler weather radar. Around 7:30 p.m., a 1/4 to 1/2-mile (400–800 m) wide tornado tracked into the southwest side of town, moving northeast, and passed over Burnett's Mound. Bill Kurtis, then a fill-in reporter at WIBW-TV (channel 13; then a hybrid CBS/ABC/NBC affiliate, now CBS) delivered the message to take shelter from the devastating storm by telling viewers calmly but sternly, "for God's sake, take cover!"^{[5] [6]}

After broadcasting a take-cover report on the air while driving down the winding road on Burnett's Mound with the tornado approaching his direction, Rick Douglass, a reporter for radio station WREN (1250 AM, now KYYS), attempted to take shelter under an overpass, while trying to do a second live report on the storm. Douglass was carried by the tornado, becoming airborne for a few seconds, and was dropped over one block away. Douglass, whose clothes were ripped from his body, was pushed by the strong winds along the ground until the tornado passed on to make a six-block swath across Topeka. Douglass was found with dirt and debris covering his body. When he arrived at an area hospital, a nurse placed a cover over Douglass's face – believing he had perished. In an interview with The History Channel's Wrath of God, Douglass stated that he then pulled off the cover, resulting in the attending nurse wincing in reaction, Douglass found shards of debris in his skin for several years after the tornado and was left with a smell he described in the interview as "a mix of blood, guts, wood and metal" for several weeks.^[7]

The tornado first struck residential areas, cleanly sweeping away entire rows of homes and hurling vehicles hundreds of yards through the air. Grass was scoured from the ground according to eyewitnesses.^[8] Washburn University took a direct hit, and many large stone buildings on campus were badly damaged or destroyed.^[8] A 300-pound section of stone wall was torn from one building and thrown two miles away.^[9] One vehicle on campus was reportedly lofted over the top of the university's ROTC building, before coming to rest on the 50-yard line of the football field.^[10] The tornado ripped through the central part of the city, hitting the downtown area. Buses were crushed when the transportation barn was collapsed by the tornado, and trains on the Santa Fe Railway were overturned. Most of the downtown buildings were badly damaged or had windows blown out. Cars were flipped and tossed, and streets were blocked with debris. Many workers at the AT&T building downtown took shelter after a co-worker warned them of the approaching tornado, which could not be heard through the soundproof operator's room. The building incurred only light damage. The Kansas State Capitol building was also damaged when debris struck the dome removing one of the copper panels.

As the storm raged through the downtown area, meteorologists at the National Weather Service Topeka forecast office, located at Philip Billard Municipal Airport, took shelter as the tornado tracked through the airport, flipping over several airplanes. At 7:29 p.m., 34 minutes after it touched down, the tornado dissipated after ripping through the airport. By this time, the tornado had traversed 22miles of the city, with a damage path width of NaNmiles. The most intense damage occurred in residential areas on the east side of town, due to the closely spaced housing units. Homes and other buildings along the tornado's path were obliterated, and the National Weather Service Topeka forecast office years later rated the tornado at F5 on the Fujita scale.

Then-mayor Chuck Wright later issued a decree that those caught looting would be shot on sight. The Kansas National Guard was called in. Streets in devastated areas of the city were filled with sightseers checking out the ruins of homes and businesses, which hampered efforts from first responders to find those missing under rubble. Families of victims also came to the scene to try to find them.

A total of 820 homes were destroyed and 3,000 others were damaged. 250 businesses were destroyed and 2,390 were damaged including a major shopping center. 330 of the damaged homes and businesses suffered major damage and the other 5,000 received lesser degrees of damage. Hundreds of apartments were destroyed. Many government buildings, public buildings, other structures and much other property were damaged or destroyed.

Overall, 16 people were killed, and many others were injured. However, it is believed that had the tornado hit during school and work hours or during the night, that as many as 5,000 people would have been killed. Bill Kurtis was credited for saving many lives with his urgent message to take cover.^{[11] [6]}

According to a local Native American legend, Burnett's Mound (a local landmark that was named after Potawatomi Indian chief Abram Burnett, and also believed to be an ancient Native American burial ground) was thought to protect the city from tornadoes, suggesting that the 250feet hill would cause a tornado that was approaching Topeka to disintegrate. A few years earlier, a water tower had been built directly on the mound, which sparked controversy among Topeka residents who felt it could impede the mound's reputed protective effect. Ten other tornadoes had struck the city since state records began in 1889, but the 1966 tornado was worse than any of the others.^[12]

Casualties

Outbreak death toll

State	Total	County	County total
Kansas	17	Leavenworth	1
		Shawnee	16
Illinois	1	Cook	1
Totals	18
All deaths were tornado-related

See also

• List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
• List of tornadoes striking downtown areas

External links

• Tornado Damage Patterns in Topeka, Kansas, June 8, 1966 (Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 95, No. 6)
  • Comments on “Tornado Damage Patterns in Topeka, Kansas, June 8, 1966” (Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 96, No. 3)
  • Reply (Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 96, No. 3)
• NWS Topeka page
• Topeka Capital-Journal online
• Access Menninger photographs and documents on Kansas Memory, the Kansas State Historical Society's digital portal
• The Topeka Tornado of 1966: Never Before Published Damage Photos

Notes and References

1. Web site: NCDC Storm Events-Select State . 2011-08-05 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080503053157/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms . 2008-05-03.
2. Web site: US Department of Commerce . NOAA . Tornado Listing . www.weather.gov . 24 July 2020 . EN-US.
3. News: City Officials set Damage at $5 Million . Topeka Capital-Journal . 1966-06-10 . 2008-08-13.
4. Web site: Storm Events Database . NOAA . February 13, 2022.
5. "For God's Sake:" Bill Kurtis recalls delivering 1966 warning . 2021-06-08 . en . 2024-08-07 . www.wibw.com.
6. Web site: Twist of Fate Topeka tornado 50 years later Bill Kurtis. YouTube.
7. Web site: Episode 7: The 1966 Topeka Tornado. YouTube.
8. Web site: Stories of the 1966 Topeka Tornado . Washburn.edu . Washburn University . December 23, 2013.
9. Web site: extremeplanet . Analysis of Violent Tornadoes that have Struck Downtown Areas | . Extremeplanet.me . 2013-03-11 . 2013-09-09.
10. Web site: Washburn university Devastation and Recovery . Washburn.edu . Washburn University. December 23, 2013.
11. Web site: Episode 7: The 1966 Topeka Tornado. YouTube.
12. http://www.tornadoproject.com/myths/myths.htm