Julie Mehretu Explained

Julie Mehretu
Birth Place:Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Empire
Occupation:Painter
Education:East Lansing High School
Alma Mater:Kalamazoo College,
Rhode Island School of Design
Awards:MacArthur Fellow

Julie Mehretu (born November 28, 1970) is an Ethiopian American contemporary visual artist, known for her multi-layered paintings of abstracted landscapes on a large scale. Her paintings, drawings, and prints depict the cumulative effects of urban sociopolitical changes.

Mehretu is included in Times 100 Most Influential People of 2020.[1] The following year, The New York Times described her as a "rare example of a contemporary Black female painter who has already entered the canon."[2]

In October 2023, Mehretu broke the auction record for an African artist at Sotheby's Hong Kong, with her piece Untitled (2001), which sold for $9.32 million.[3]

She is one of two women to have made the list of top 10 most expensive contemporary artworks sold at auction in 2023.[4]

Early life and education

Mehretu was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 1970, the first child of an Ethiopian college professor of geography and a Jewish American Montessori teacher. Her father is Ethiopian and her mother is Jewish American. They fled the country in 1977 to escape political turmoil and moved to East Lansing, Michigan, for her father's teaching position in economic geography at Michigan State University.[5]

A graduate of East Lansing High School, Mehretu received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Kalamazoo College in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and did a junior year abroad at Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) in Dakar, Senegal, then attended the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island, where she earned a Master of Fine Arts degree in 1997.[5] [6] She was chosen for the CORE program at the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, a residency that provided a studio, a stipend, and an exhibition at the museum.[7]

Art career

Mehretu's canvases incorporate elements from technical drawings of various urban buildings and linear illustrations of urban efficiency, including city grids and weather charts.[8] The pieces do not contain any formal, consistent sense of depth, instead utilizing multiple points of view and perspective ratios to construct flattened re-imaginings of city life.[9] Her drawings are similar to her paintings, with many layers forming complex, abstracted images of social interaction on a global scale.[10] The relatively smaller-scale drawings are opportunities for exploration made during the time between paintings.

In 2002, Mehretu said of her work:

Emperial Construction, Istanbul (2004) exemplifies Mehretu's use of layers in a city's history. Arabic lettering and forms that reference Arabic script scatter around the canvas. In Stadia I, II, and III (2004) Mehretu conveys the cultural importance of the stadium through marks and layers of flat shape. Each Stadia contains an architectural outline of a stadium, abstracted flags of the world, and references to corporate logos.[11] Mogamma: A Painting in Four Parts (2012), the collective name for four monumental canvases that were included in dOCUMENTA (13), relates to 'Al-Mogamma', the name of the all purpose government building in Tahrir Square, Cairo which was both instrumental in the 2011 revolution and architecturally symptomatic of Egypt's post-colonial past. The word 'Mogamma', however, means 'collective' in Arabic and historically, has been used to refer to a place that shares a mosque, a synagogue and a church and is a place of multi faith.[12] A later work, The Round City, Hatshepsut (2013) contains architectural traces of Baghdad, Iraq itself – its title referring to the historical name given to the city in ancient maps. Another painting, Insile (2013) built up from a photo image of Believers' Palace amid civilian buildings, activates its surface with painterly ink gestures, blurring and effacing the ruins beneath.[13]

In 2007, the investment bank Goldman Sachs gave Mehretu a $5 million commission for a lobby mural. The resulting work Mural was the size of a tennis court and consisted of overlaid financial maps, architectural drawings of financial institutions, and references to works by other artists. Calvin Tomkins of the New Yorker called it "the most ambitious painting I've seen in a dozen years", and another commentator described it as "one of the largest and most successful public art works in recent times".[14]

While best known for large-scale abstract paintings, Mehretu has experimented with prints since graduate school at the Rhode Island School of Design, where she was enrolled in the painting and printmaking program in the mid-1990s. Her exploration of printmaking began with etching. She has completed collaborative projects at professional printmaking studios across America, among them Highpoint Editions in Minneapolis, Crown Point Press in San Francisco, Gemini G.E.L. in Los Angeles, and Derrière L'Etoile Studios and Burnet Editions in New York City.[15]

Mehretu was a resident of the CORE Program, Glassell School of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (1997–98) and the Artist-in-Residence Program at the Studio Museum in Harlem (2001).[16] During a residency at the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, in 2003, she worked with thirty high school girls from East Africa. In the spring of 2007 she was the Guna S. Mundheim Visual Arts Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin.[17] Later that year, she led a monthlong residency program with 40 art students from Detroit public high schools.[18] During her residency in Berlin, Mehretu was commissioned to create seven paintings by the Deutsche Guggenheim; titled Grey Area (2008–2009), the series explores the urban landscape of Berlin as a historical site of generation and destruction.[19] The painting Vanescere (2007), a black-and-white composition that depicts what appears to be a maelstrom of ink and acrylic marks, some of which are sanded away on the surface of the linen support, propelled a layering process of subtraction in the Grey Area series. Parts of Fragment (2008–09) and Middle Grey (2007–09) feature this erasing technique. Another in the series that was painted in Berlin, Berliner Plätze (2008–09), holds a phantom presence of overlapped outlines of nineteenth-century German buildings that float as a translucent mass in the frame.[20] The art historian Sue Scott has this to say of the Grey Area series: "In these somber, simplified tonal paintings, many of which were based on the facades of beautiful nineteenth-century buildings destroyed in World War II, one gets the sense of buildings in the process of disappearing, much like the history of the city she was depicting."[19] As Mehretu explains in Ocula Magazine, "The whole idea of 20th-century progress and ideas of futurity and modernity have been shattered, in a way. All of this is what is informing how I am trying to think about space."[21]

In 2017, Mehretu collaborated with jazz musician and interdisciplinary artist Jason Moran to create MASS (HOWL, eon). Presented at Harlem Parish as part of the Performa 17 biennial, MASS (HOWL, eon) took the audience on an intensive tour of Mehretu's canvas while musicians played the composition by Moran.

Mehretu is a member of the Artists Committee of Americans for the Arts.[22]

Recognition

In 2000, Mehretu was awarded a grant from the Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award. She was the recipient of the 2001 Penny McCall Award[23] and one of the 2005 recipients of the MacArthur Fellowship, often referred to as the "genius grant."[24]

In 2013, Mehretu was awarded the Barnett and Annalee Newman Award, and in 2015, she received the US Department of State Medal of Arts from Secretary of State John Kerry.[25] In 2020, Time magazine included Mehretu in its list of the 100 most influential people.[26] In 2023, German automaker BMW selected Mehretu to paint its annual "art car" for entry at the 24 Hours of Le Mans race.[27]

Notable works in public collections

In 2016, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art commissioned Mehretu to create a diptych, with each massive painting flanking the staircase in the atrium which is accessible and free to the public. HOWL, eon (I, II) (2016-2017) was first exhibited to the public on September 2, 2017. To facilitate the creation of the scale of the diptych, Mehretu used a decommissioned church in Harlem as her studio to create. Throughout the creation of her piece, she collaborated with jazz pianist Jason Moran.[52] [53] HOWL, eon (I, II) is a political commentary on the history of the western United States' landscape, including the San Francisco Bay Area. The foundation of each work contains digitally abstracted photos from recent race riots, street protests, and nineteenth-century images of the American West.[54] [55]

Exhibitions

In 2001, Mehretu participated in the exhibition Painting at the Edge of the World at the Walker Art Center. She later was one of 38 artists whose work was exhibited in the 2004-5 Carnegie International: A Final Look.[56] She has participated in numerous group exhibitions, including one at the Center for Curatorial Studies, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson (2000). Her work has appeared in Freestyle exhibition at the Studio Museum in Harlem (2001); The Americans at the Barbican Gallery in London (2001); White Cube gallery in London (2002),[57] the Busan Biennale in Korea (2002); the 8th Baltic Triennial in Vilnius, Lithuania (2002); and Drawing Now: Eight Propositions (2002) at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Mehretu's work was also included in the "In Praise of Doubt" exhibition at the Palazzo Grassi in Venice in the summer of 2011 as well as dOCUMENTA (13) in Kassel in 2012. In 2014, she participated in The Divine Comedy: Heaven, Purgatory and Hell Revisited by Contemporary African Artists, curated by Simon Njami.[58]

In 2021, the Whitney Museum of American Art devoted an entire floor to a retrospective of Mehretu's career.[59]

Art market

Mehretu's painting Untitled 1 (2001) sold for $1.02 million at Sotheby's in September 2010.[60] Its estimated value had been $600–$800,000.[61] At Art Basel in 2014, White Cube sold Mehretu's Mumbo Jumbo (2008) for $5 million.[62] In 2023, Michael Ovitz sold Mehretu's Walkers With the Dawn and Morning (2008) for $10.7 million, setting a new record both for the artist herself and any artist born in Africa.[63]

In 2005, Mehretu's work was the object of the Lehmann v. The Project Worldwide case before the New York Supreme Court, the first case brought by a collector regarding their right to secure primary access to contemporary art.[64] The case involved legal issues over her work and the right of first refusal contracts between her then-gallery and a collector.[65] In return for a $75,000 loan by the collector Jean-Pierre Lehmann to the Project Gallery, made in February 2001, the gallery was to give Lehmann a right of first refusal on any work by any artist the gallery represented, and at a 30 per cent discount until the loan was repaid. Lehmann saw this loan as direct access to Mehretu's work, however, there were four other individuals who were also given right of first choice from the gallery's represented artists.[66] The gallery sold 40 works by Mehretu during the period of the contract, with some offered for discounts of up to 40 percent. Lehmann saw that several Mehretu pieces available in the catalog of the Walker Art Center had been sold to collector Jeanne Greenberg Rohatyn, and suspected that the agreement was not being kept.[67] He subsequently wrote Haye demanding $17,500, and, after no offer of Mehretu pieces was made, he filed suit. The case, eventually won by Lehmann, revealed to a wider public precisely what prices and discounts galleries offer various collectors on paintings by Mehretu and other contemporary artists - information normally concealed by the art world.

Personal life

Mehretu lives in a two-story house in Harlem.[68] She married artist Jessica Rankin in 2008, with whom she has two sons, Cade Elias (born 2005) and Haile (born 2011);[5] her mother-in-law is author and poet Lily Brett. The couple separated in 2014.[68] [69]

Mehretu maintains a studio in Chelsea near the Whitney Museum of American Art.[68] [70] In 2004, she co-founded – together with Lawrence Chua and Paul Pfeiffer – Denniston Hill, an artist residency on a 200-acre campus in Sullivan County, New York.[68] She also worked from an old arms factory in Berlin in 2007[7] and the former St. Thomas the Apostle Church in Harlem from 2016 to 2017.[71]

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Julie Mehretu: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020. September 23, 2020. Time.
  2. Web site: Julie Mehretu's Reckoning With Success . Pogrebin . Robin . August 8, 2023 . . August 8, 2023 .
  3. Web site: Rabb . Maxwell . October 9, 2023 . Ethiopian painter Julie Mehretu breaks auction record for an African artist. . October 16, 2023 . Artsy . en.
  4. Web site: Network . Artnet Gallery . 2024-03-05 . 5 Quick Takeaways From the Artnet Intelligence Report . 2024-03-09 . Artnet News . en-US.
  5. Calvin Tomkins (March 29, 2010). "Big Art, Big Money: Julie Mehretu's 'Mural' for Goldman Sachs". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
  6. Web site: Julie Mehretu CV . White Cube.
  7. Calvin Tomkins (March 22, 2010), Big Art, Big Money The New Yorker.
  8. Web site: Excavations: The Prints of Julie Mehretu.
  9. http://whitecube.com/artists/julie_mehretu/ Julie Mehretu
  10. http://artmuseum.msu.edu/exhibitions/past/mehretu/index.html Julie Mehretu — New Drawings, February 1 – March 16, 2008
  11. Book: Hart, Rebecca R.. Julie Mehretu: City Sitings. Detroit Institute of Art. 2007. 978-0-89558-161-7. Detroit, MI.
  12. https://whitecube.com/exhibitions/exhibition/julie_mehretu_bermondsey_2013/ Julie Mehretu: Liminal Squared, 1 May – 7 July 2013
  13. http://www.mariangoodman.com/exhibitions/2013-05-11_julie-mehretu/ Julie Mehretu: Liminal Squared, May 11 – June 22, 2013
  14. Web site: Julie Mehretu Started Her Majestic New Paintings Right After the Election . Kazanijan . Dodie . September 4, 2017 . . August 8, 2023 .
  15. http://alums.vassar.edu/news/2011-2012/120617-fllac-mehretu.html The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center presents the exhibition "Excavations: The Prints of Julie Mehretu," April 13 – June 17, 2012
  16. https://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/julie-mehretu Julie Mehretu
  17. http://www.americanacademy.de/home/person/julie-mehretu Fellow: Julie Mehretu
  18. Hilarie M. Sheets (November 11, 2007), Industrial Strength in the Motor City New York Times.
  19. Book: The reckoning : women artists of the new millennium. Scott. Sue. 2013. Prestel. 978-3791347592.
  20. Book: Young, Joan. Julie Mehretu: Grey Area. Guggenheim Museum Publications. 2009. 978-0-89207-396-2. New York, NY.
  21. Web site: December 18, 2020. Julie Mehretu on the Right to Abstraction. December 18, 2020. Ocula. en.
  22. https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-program/promotion-and-recognition/strategic-partners/artists-committee Artists Committee
  23. Web site: creative-link.org. www.pennymccallfoundation.org. April 20, 2018.
  24. Web site: She can't be bought, but you can give her money. October 2, 2005 . April 20, 2018.
  25. Web site: Julie Mehretu – 2015 Award Winner. US Department of State. January 28, 2017.
  26. Tessa Solomon (September 23, 2020), "Artists Patrisse Cullors, Julie Mehretu, and Tourmaline Make 'Time 100' List", ARTnews.
  27. Web site: BMW taps artist Julie Mehretu to paint its latest Art Car . Valdes-Dapena . Peter . June 29, 2023 . . August 8, 2023 .
  28. Web site: Blue Field . MFAH . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220810012741/https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/39211/blue-field . August 10, 2022 . live.
  29. Web site: Babel Unleashed . Walker Art . June 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210803211929/http://walkerart.org/collections/artworks/babel-unleashed . August 3, 2021 . live.
  30. Web site: Reopistics: A renegade Excavation . Crystal Bridges . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220529032245/https://collection.crystalbridges.org/objects/4178/retopistics-a-renegade-excavation . May 29, 2022 . live.
  31. Web site: Congress . . October 22, 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210618075702/https://www.thebroad.org/art/julie-mehretu/congress . June 18, 2021.
  32. Web site: Empirical Construction, Istanbul . MoMA . Museum of Modern Art . June 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220115132823/https://www.moma.org/collection/works/91778 . January 15, 2022 . live.
  33. Web site: Entropia (review) . Brooklyn Museum . June 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210830120343/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/168332 . August 30, 2021 . live.
  34. Web site: Stadia I . SFMOMA . June 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191207025713/https://www.sfmoma.org/artwork/2006.7/ . December 7, 2019 . live.
  35. Web site: Stadia II . Carnegie Museum of Art . June 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201129040921/https://collection.cmoa.org/objects/3229aff9-ee40-4ef0-9789-106221a25892 . November 29, 2020 . live.
  36. Web site: Stadia III . VMFA . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210825131302/https://vmfa.museum/piction/6027262-57439008/ . August 25, 2021 . live.
  37. Web site: Local Calm . SDMArt . June 5, 2022.
  38. Web site: Atlantic Wall . Guggenheim . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211019063940/https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/25118 . October 19, 2021 . live.
  39. Web site: George . Cassidy . March 26, 2021 . The Irreducible Julie Mehretu . September 13, 2023 . The Cut . en-us.
  40. Web site: Auguries . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210918162741/https://www.thebroad.org/art/julie-mehretu/auguries . September 18, 2021 . live.
  41. Web site: Auguries . SI . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220816023000/https://collections.si.edu/search/detail/edanmdm:nmafa_2011-5-1 . August 16, 2022 . live.
  42. Web site: Untitled . Studio Museum . January 7, 2019 . June 5, 2022.
  43. Web site: Mogamma, A Painting in Four Parts: Part 3 . Tate . June 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220324224236/https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/mehretu-mogamma-a-painting-in-four-parts-part-3-t13997 . March 24, 2022 . live.
  44. Web site: Mogamma, A Painting in Four Parts: Part 4 . MFAH . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220816023213/https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/120736/mogamma-a-painting-in-four-parts-part-4 . August 16, 2022 . live.
  45. Web site: Cairo . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220707090552/https://www.thebroad.org/art/julie-mehretu/cairo . July 7, 2022 . live.
  46. Web site: Invisible Sun . MoMA . June 5, 2022.
  47. Web site: Myriads, Only by Dark . NGA . National Gallery of Art . June 5, 2022.
  48. Web site: A Love Supreme . AIC . June 5, 2022.
  49. Web site: Hineni (E. 3:4) (Me voici) . . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220816021953/https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/ressources/oeuvre/cqEj4By . August 16, 2022 . live.
  50. Web site: Haka (and riot) . LACMA . June 5, 2022.
  51. Web site: Conversion . Met Museum . June 5, 2022.
  52. Web site: Politicized Landscapes, Julie Mehretu. Art21. en. March 15, 2019.
  53. Web site: How Julie Mehretu Created Two of Contemporary Art's Largest Paintings for SFMOMA. September 5, 2017. artnet News. en-US. March 15, 2019.
  54. Web site: Julie Mehretu: HOWL, eon (I, II) . SFMOMA . April 15, 2019.
  55. Web site: Julie Mehretu, HOWL, eon (I, II), 2016-2017 . SFMOMA . June 5, 2022.
  56. Web site: 2004–5 Carnegie International: A Final Look . April 24, 2005 . Carnegie Museum of Art . January 14, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20081011200623/http://www.cmoa.org/info/npress71.asp . October 11, 2008 .
  57. Web site: Renegade Delirium . White Cube . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201194222/https://whitecube.com/exhibitions/exhibition/julie_mehretu_duke_street_2002/ . Dec 1, 2022 .
  58. Web site: The Divine Comedy: Heaven, Purgatory and Hell Revisited by Contemporary African Artists . . August 8, 2023 .
  59. Web site: Julie Mehretu's Long Journey Home . subscription . Farago . Jason . March 25, 2021 . . August 8, 2023 .
  60. News: Lehman's art firesale fetches $12m . Just In . ABC News . September 26, 2010 . December 5, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140912205459/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-09-26/lehmans-art-firesale-fetches-12m/2274674?section=justin . Sep 12, 2014 .
  61. Web site: AO Auction Preview: Two years after declaring bankruptcy Lehman Brothers hopes to sell hundred of artworks worth millions at 3 auctions in UK & US . AO Art Observed™ . J. . Mizrachi . August 20, 2010 . December 5, 2013.
  62. Georgina Adam (June 20, 2014), "Brisk business at the Basel fair", Financial Times.
  63. Angelica Villa (November 15, 2023), "Records for Julie Mehretu, Barkley Hendricks Enliven Sotheby's $310 M. Contemporary Sale", ARTnews.
  64. Book: Thompson, Don. The $12 Million Stuffed Shark: The Curious Economics of Contemporary Art. St. Martin's Press. 2008. 9780230610224. United States. 196.
  65. Web site: Julie Mehretu. João Ribas. November 8, 2005. ARTINFO. interview. https://web.archive.org/web/20101103232526/http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/1168/julie-mehretu/. November 3, 2010. dead. August 3, 2017.
  66. Web site: artnet.com Magazine News. www.artnet.com. April 14, 2019.
  67. Web site: She Can't be Bought: Julie Mehretu. Christopher Mason. July 2, 2018 . en-US. April 14, 2019.
  68. Jori Finkel (March 7, 2021), "Inside Julie Mehretu's Richly Layered World", W.
  69. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/12/t-magazine/jessica-rankin-partners-friends.html Partners, Now Friends
  70. Robin Pogrebin (March 21, 2021), "Julie Mehretu's Reckoning With Success", New York Times.
  71. Hilarie M. Sheets (August 3, 2017), "In an Unused Harlem Church, a Towering Work of a 'Genius'", New York Times.