Julida Explained

Julida is an order of millipedes. Members are mostly small and cylindrical, typically ranging from 10- in length.^[1] Eyes may be present or absent, and in mature males of many species, the first pair of legs is modified into hook-like structures.^[2] Additionally, both pairs of legs on the 7th body segment of males are modified into gonopods.^[3]

Distribution

Julida contains predominantly temperate species ranging from North America to Panama, Europe, Asia north of the Himalayas, Asir region, Saudi Arabia, and Southeast Asia.^[4]

Classification

The order Julida contains approximately 750 species, divided into the following superfamilies and families:^[5]

Blaniuloidea C. L. Koch, 1847

Blaniulidae C. L. Koch, 1847
Galliobatidae Brolemann, 1921
Okeanobatidae Verhoeff, 1942
Zosteractinidae Loomis, 1943

Juloidea Leach, 1814

Julidae Leach, 1814
Rhopaloiulidae Attems, 1926
Trichoblaniulidae Verhoeff, 1911
Trichonemasomatidae Enghoff, 1991

Nemasomatoidea Bollman, 1893

Chelojulidae Enghoff, 1991
Nemasomatidae Bollman, 1893
Pseudonemasomatidae Enghoff, 1991
Telsonemasomatidae Enghoff, 1991

Paeromopodoidea Cook, 1895

Aprosphylosomatidae Hoffman, 1961
Paeromopodidae Cook, 1895

Parajuloidea Bollman, 1893

Mongoliulidae Pocock, 1903
Parajulidae Bollman, 1893

References

Ilic, B. (2019). Multifaceted activity of millipede secretions:. [online] Web of Science. Available at: http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=1&SID=6AJXsNVdjIGRrwQybhF&page=1&doc=4 [Accessed 18 Oct. 2019].

Notes and References

Web site: Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders. Milli-PEET Identification Tables. The Field Museum, Chicago. 25 October 2013. 30 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201130080602/https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_1.pdf. dead.
Book: J. Gordon Blower. Millipedes: Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species. Synopses of the British Fauna . Linnean Society of London. 1985. 978-90-04-07698-3.
Shelley. Rowland M.. Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna. The Kansas School Naturalist. 1999. 45. 3. 1–16. 2014-03-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20161112025334/http://www.emporia.edu/ksn/v45n3-march1999/. 2016-11-12. dead.
Web site: Geographic distribution of Millipede Families. Milli-PEET Identification Tables. The Field Museum, Chicago. 25 October 2013. 30 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201130085051/https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/Identification_Table_3.pdf. dead.
Book: William Shear . Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844 . Z.-Q. Zhang . Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness . . 159–164 . 3148 . http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p164.pdf .