| Julang-1 (JL-1), NATO : CSS-N-3 | |
| Type: | SLBM |
| Is Missile: | yes |
| Used By: | China |
| Designer: | Huang Weilu |
| Design Date: | 1970s |
| Manufacturer: | Factory 307 (Nanjing Dawn Group) |
| Production Date: | 1980s |
| Weight: | 14700kg (32,400lb) |
| Length: | 10.7m (35.1feet) |
| Width: | 1.4m (04.6feet) |
| Filling: | nuclear |
| Yield: | 250-500Kt |
| Propellant: | Solid fuel |
| Vehicle Range: | 1,770 km (JL-1), 2,500 km (JL-1A) |
| Guidance: | Inertial |
| Launch Platform: | Xia class submarine |
The Julang-1 (also known as the JL-1; NATO reporting name CSS-N-3) was China's first generation nuclear submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM). According to a US Department of Defense report in 2011, the operational status of the JL-1 was "questionable".[1]
Research and development began in 1967 and detailed design in the early 1970s, with a first land launch 30 April 1982 and a sea launch from a Project 629A (Golf) class submarine on 12 October 1982. The general designer of the missile was Huang Weilu,[2] and Chen Deren (1922 – 21 December 2007) served as his deputy. The missile was assembled at Factory 307 (now Nanjing Dawn Group [南京晨光集团]).
The JL-1 was deployed on Xia class submarine in 1986. The Type 092 Xia class nuclear submarine has 12 launch tubes.
The JL-1 was initially tested and deployed on the PLAN's modified Golf class SSB. The Golf has since been modified again for further testing of other missiles, such as the JL-2, which has test-launched multiple times with varying levels of success.
The DF-21 appears to be a land-based version of the JL-1. As of 2018, the JL-1 and its warheads are believed to have been retired and dismantled.[3]