Juhl (; in Danish ˈjuˀl/) is a surname originating in Denmark. It is most common in Denmark and the United States. Other spellings and connected names are thought to include Juul, Jul, Juhls, Juel, Juell, Iuel, and Yule.[1]
After coming to America, most Danes bearing the Juhl name changed the pronunciation to avoid confusion. ('J' represents a different sound in Continental Germanic languages than it is in English). Some Danish Americans with the Juhl surname, and especially with the Juul surname, changed the spelling (Danish Juhl or Juul > English Yule) in order to keep the pronunciation. This caused a lower relative number of Juuls in the United States but a high number of Yules.
There are two possible origins for Juhl lines of Danish origin.
The word "Jul" (Christmas) is thought to be the likely the ultimate origin of most of Juhl/Juul lines,[2] especially as many of the Danish Juhls of today originally spelled their name as Juul or Jul, prior to standardizations of spelling in the 19th century.
There is a noble family attested to in Danish history from the 1200s AD, whose name is usually spelled "Juel" (occasionally "Iuel", a holdover of the times before the widespread adoption of the letter 'J'). However, different people adopted the name "Juhl" (or its variants) at different times and for different reasons, and it is unclear if any of the Danish Juhl lines (or Iuel, etc.) of today have continuity this far back.
Approximately 15,000 people in the world bear the name "Juhl" or one of its variants. Almost all of them live in Scandinavia, Northern Germany, or the United States.
| Juhl | Juul | Juel | Juell | Juhls | Jul | Iuel | Yule | Total, all spellings | Sources | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | 3,528 | 3,369 | 548 | 0 | 16 | 163 | 71 | 0 | 7,689 | Danish Statistical Agency[3] | ||
| United States | 2,123 | 426 | 467 | 226 | ? | ? | ? | 1,130 | 4,372 | Census, 2000.[4] [5] [6] [7] No data when name is borne by under 100 persons. | ||
| Germany | 856 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 168 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 1,079 | Extrapolation from phone listings[8] [9] [10] and Geogen Surname Mapping[11] | ||
| Norway | 14 | 457 | 147 | 224 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 0 | 863 | Norwegian Statistical Agency[12] | ||
| Sweden | 140 | 98 | 45 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 331 | Statistics Sweden[13] | ||
| Total | 6,655 | 4,390 | 1,207 | 453 | 190 | 169 | 127 | 1,143 | 14,334 |
The bulk of the Danish Juhls live in Southern Jutland. "Juhl" is the 93rd most common surname in the country—and the 30th most-common non-patronym-based surname. "Juul" is the 107th most-common name overall and 40th when excluding patronyms. "Juel" is the 793rd most-common surname.[14]
Heavy Danish immigration to the United States, from the 1850s through the 1920s, is responsible for so many Juhls living in the United States today. Juhls going to the United States primarily settled in the U.S. state of Iowa. As a result, "Juhl" is one of 10,000 most-common names in the United States,[15] and one of the 70 most-common names in Iowa.[16]
Some Juhls who settled in the United States kept the pronunciation intact by changing the name to "Yule". This was evidently much more common for the more-foreign-seeming "Juul" surname, which is significantly less-common in the United States relative to "Juhl" (1:5) than the ratio in Denmark (nearly 1:1). A small number may have changed their names to "Jewell", as was common among foreigners with names unusual to the American ear.
The name is somewhat common in Northern Germany (German state of Schleswig-Holstein) because of the Prussian-Danish War of 1864. Prussia seized the southern third of Danish Jutland (where most Juhls lived), and so it became incorporated into the German Empire in 1871. Most of Southern Jutland was returned to Denmark by plebiscite in 1920. There were a number of lines of Juhl families along the old Pommern Coast of then Prussia which is now on both sides of the German-Polish border.
Although Norway was once ruled by Denmark (Danish naval hero Niels Juhl was born in Oslo to Danish parents), it is likely that most Norwegian "Juuls" are independent lineages, as "Jul" is a pan-Scandinavian word for Midwinter.
Juul is the 1,182nd most common name in Norway.[12]