Jugemu Explained

is a famous story,[1] a form of Japanese spoken entertainment. It has a simple story, with the most humorous part being the repetition of a ridiculously long name. It is often used in training for entertainers.

Plot

A couple could not think of a suitable name for their newborn son. The father went to the local temple and asked the chief priest to think of an auspicious name. The priest suggested "Jugemu", and several other names. The father could not decide which name he preferred, and therefore, gave the baby all of the names.

Jugemu's full name is:

(the NHK version,[2] partially replaced with kanji)

In one version of the tale, Jugemu got into a fight with a friend one day, and the friend suffered a large bump on his head. In protest, he went crying to Jugemu's parents. However, due to the amount of time it took to recite his name, by the time he finished, the bump on his head had already healed.[3]

Another version states that Jugemu fell into a well and drowned; everyone who had to pass along the news spent a lot of time reciting his entire name.[4] In yet another variant, Jugemu fell into a lake, and his parents barely arrived in time to save him.

Interpretation of Jugemu's name

Each part of Jugemu's name that the priest had suggested has an auspicious meaning:

Jugemu
  • "limitless life".
    Gokō-no Surikire
  • "five of rubbing off (the rock)". In Japanese Buddhist lore, a heavenly maiden would visit the human world once in every three thousand years, leaving friction marks on a huge rock with her dress. Eventually, the rock would wear down to nothing in the span of one, or 4 billion years. The priest thus blesses the child to live at least 20 billion years, essentially for eternity.
    Kaijarisuigyo
  • "gravel in the sea and fish in water". The amount of gravel and number of fish in the world is meant to represent the degree of the child's luck and fortune.
    Suigyōmatsu
  • "where water eventually goes". Because water is free to go anywhere, the child is blessed with boundless well-being wherever he goes.
    Unraimatsu
  • "where clouds originally come". Because clouds come from anywhere, this is similar to the above.
    Fūraimatsu
  • "where wind originally comes". Similar to the above.
    Kuunerutokoro
  • "places to eat and sleep". It is fortunate to have both food and shelter at any time.
    Sumutokoro
  • "places to live". Same as above.
    Yaburakōji-no burakōji
  • "Ardisia japonica (marlberry) bushes in Yabura Trail". The plant's modern Japanese name is, and it is considered to be imbued with energy year-round. has no inherent meaning, but is inferred to be with the pluralizing suffix.
    Paipo, Shūringan, Gūrindai, Ponpokopī, Ponpokonā
  • These are invented names of a kingdom and royal family in Ancient China. Paipo was a rich and peaceful kingdom, where King Shūringan and Queen Gūrindai reigned. They gave birth to Princess Ponpokopī and Princess Ponpokonā, and all of them enjoyed longevity.
    Chōkyūmei
  • "long and lasting life".
    Chōsuke
  • "blessed for a long time".

    History

    Japanese folklore studies classify "Jugemu" as a variant of tale type The Child with a Long Name.[5] In the English speaking world, children's literature of this type is known by the titles "Tikki Tikki Tembo" and "Nicki Nicki Tembo".

    An early version of this type is "" ('Sunk down the waters for greed'), in a book of jokes published in 1703, created by comedian Yonezawa Hikohachi. In it, a stepmother renames her sons. The stepson whom she hates is given a short name, and her precious own son given a long . One day, falls into a river, but people swiftly rescue him. Another day, the mother's own son is swept by the river. She cries "Somebody, please! is drowning!", but the boy is lost to the river as no-one comes to save him due to the time it takes her to say his name.[6] [7] Both names are garbled forms of phrases taken from Sino-Japanese readings of Chinese Buddhist sutras.[8] [9] The punchline is a Japanese pun involving the word .

    A book of horror stories published in 1805 contains "" ('A tale of a man who named his son with a strange name, and regretted it'). In it, a man wishes to name his first son with a unique and long name. He consults a Confucian scholar, who recommends the name . A tutor of Japanese poetry sneers at this, opposing such use of foreign language to name a Japanese's son. The tutor proposes, a traditional poem of good fortune. The scholar and the tutor starts quarrelling, so the father decides to make the name by himself. He solemnly declares it will be.

    One day, the boy falls into a well. People panic to rescue the boy, but for every message they recite the long name. The boy dies, "blue and swollen".[10] [11]

    The name by the Confucian is taken from a translated Chinese Confucian textbook about Great Learning.[12] The poem that the tutor referred to, in its original form, is a palindrome[13] of Japanese morae (similar to syllables). The story gives no explanation of the origin or meanings of "Tekitekini". The book was written by a storywriter and storyteller with pen name Tozuisha.

    The name "Jugemu" appears in a 1884 magazine article,[14] and the full story in a 1912 book. Another 1912 document suggests that the story of "Jugemu" may have existed by the mid-19th century.[15]

    According to a memoire published in 1927, there was another performed around the 1880s.[16] In it, the first child is named by a Shinto priest, but dies in infancy; the parents ask a Buddhist priest to name their second child. The name is [17] The name is taken from a dharani (Buddhist chants in Sanskrit) in Lotus Sutra chapter 26. One day the child falls into a well and drowns; the punchline is a black humor relating Buddhist chants to Japanese funerals.[18] [19] This version is titled "". By the mid-20th century, it was no longer performed.[20]

    "Jugemu" is performed not only in (theaters), but also to other audiences and on mass media, especially for children.

    "Jugemu" was on a 1926 newspaper's radio broadcast program, with the full name printed.[21] There was another broadcast in 1932, this time for children, and the name printed on newspaper again.[22] The story is told in children's magazines from as early as 1926.[23] Even a prominent Japanese dictionary describes the full name, since its 1991 edition.[24] Television stations broadcast it also in children's programs.[25] In 2003, NHK children's TV program ("Let's play with Japanese language") featured a game of reciting the name from memory. The program proved popular.[26] There were schools that make all pupils memorize and recite it.[27]

    Since 2005, several elementary school textbooks include "Jugemu".[28]

    Cultural references

    Lakitu, the cloud-riding turtle-dropping enemy character of the Super Mario Bros. video game series is called 'Jugemu' in Japanese versions of the game. In a similar reference, the eggs Lakitu drop, which turn into Spinies, are referred to as 'Paipo' in Japan, despite only being referred to as "Spiny's Eggs" or "Spiny Eggs" in English.[29] The spiked balls thrown by Spikes and blown in the air by Ptooies are called in another reference. Additionally, two Lakitus by the name of Lakilester and Lakilulu are named 'Pokopī' and 'Pokona' in the Japanese version of Paper Mario.

    Jugemu's full name is quoted in the song by Japanese rock band KANA-BOON.

    Jugemu (#40) is a colossal underground monster appearing to be only a tiny twig with a single leaf on the surface in the video game .

    "Jugemu-jugemu gokōnosurikire sammy-davis broilerchicken" is the chant Sasami uses to turn into Pretty Sammy in the Japanese anime Magical Girl Pretty Sammy.

    In a short included as a DVD extra for the anime series, the character known only by the mononym "Scar" reveals he shares his name with Jugemu; the character King Bradley (who is known to have adopted the name Bradley, originally bearing only the moniker "Wrath") then reveals that it happens to be his real name as well (though Bradley's voice actor repeatedly misses the third "Paipo"). They continue saying it while preparing for battle, until Scar, in reciting the name, accidentally bites his tongue.

    Gintama has a monkey whose full name also starts with "Jugemu Jugemu", known for his vulgar habits. Trying to find a middle ground, the main characters have adopted a very long name which included insults regarding feces, certain species of fish and squid, as well as references to Final Fantasy IV and the Japanese rock duo B'z.

    Jugemu's full name is recited in the lyrics of, the ending theme to, a manga and anime about a troupe of female performers.

    Lucy from Servant x Service also shares the similar fate as Jugemu (having a long name with a similar origin) and when she first reveals her name her co-workers remark that she is a "modern day Jugemu Jugemu".

    In Capcom's (2016), case 4, "Turnabout Storyteller", contains multiple references to different, including Jugemu. At the beginning of the trial, the prosecutor Nahyuta Sahdmadhi is questioned about his knowledge on, and in response offers to read Jugemu, and begins the story, before being cut off by Athena Cykes in order to return focus to the trial at hand. A character appearing in the case, Geiru Toneido, also has a dog called Jugemu, named after the story. Later in the game, it is revealed that one of the game's antagonists, Inga Karkhuul Khura'in, in reality has a Jugemu-esque name: Inga Karkhuul Haw'kohd Dis'nahm Bi'ahni Lawga Ormo Pohmpus Da'nit Ar'edi Iz Khura'in III; his middle names are pronounced as "How could this name be any longer or more pompous than it already is?"

    Jugemu's name is featured prominently in an episode of . Two of the main characters perform it for a kindergarten their son attends.

    In , Miku Flick/02, and , a Vocaloid producer named "Vocaliod-P" made a song named "Jugemu Sequencer" [30] which was inspired by Jugemu. This song has reached the Hall of Fame.

    In episode 21 of Kamen Rider Fourze, the club can be heard practicing Jugemu when JK and Ryusei come to speak to one of the members.

    In episode 33 of Tropical-Rouge! Pretty Cure, the five main characters come up with new attack names. Instead of choosing one, they combine them all into a really long attack name with several words from Jugemu's full name being a part of it.

    In Overlord, many members of the Goblin Troop are named after Jugemu Jugemu, such as "Gokou", "Unlai", and "Yaburo".

    In the manga series Akane-banashi, the protagonist Akane, a trainee Rakugo performer, is challenged to win a Rakugo competition by performing the Jugemu story.

    See also

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: The Japanese Language Boom . 2021-09-22 . Takarabako . https://web.archive.org/web/20210922041758/https://www.tjf.or.jp/takarabako/japaneseculture/29nihongo.htm . 2021-09-22 . live . The Japan Forum . 2005.
    2. Web site: Chochoi no choi anki "Jugemu" . 2021-09-21 . Nihongo de Asobō (Let's play with Japanese) . ja:にほんごであそぼ . https://web.archive.org/web/20201101020859/https://www2.nhk.or.jp/school/movie/outline.cgi?das_id=D0005150386_00000 . 2020-11-01 . live . . ja . ja:ちょちょいのちょい暗記「寿限無(じゅげむ)」. (Video in the archive does not work.)
    3. Book: San'yūtei Fukuenyū (三遊亭福円遊) . 1912-06-07 . . Jugemu . ja:寿限無 . Kokkei Hyakumensō . ja:滑稽百面相 . ja . Tokyo, Japan . Miyoshiya (三芳屋) . 57–65 . 10.11501/891285.
    4. Book: San'yūtei, Kinba III . September 1993 . 1959 . ja . Ukiyo Dango . ja:浮世だんご . Japan . Tsuribitosha . paperback . 64 . 978-4885362217.
    5. Book: Nihon mukashibanashi tsūkan Kenkyū hen 2 Nihon mukashibanashi to koten. General survey and analysis of Japanese folktales Research volumes 2 Japanese folktales and classic literature. ja:日本昔話通観 研究編2 日本昔話と古典. 857 Child with a long name. ja:857 長い名の子. 同朋舎. 1998-03-31. 604–605. Inada. Koji. 4810424901. 39688437.
    6. Transcribed text: Book: ja:江戸笑話集 . Iwanami Shoten Publishers . 1703 . 1966-07-05 . 313 . Yonezawa Hikohachi (米沢彦八) . Odaka . Toshio . 日本古典文学大系 . ja . Karukuchi gozen otoko (軽口御前男) volume 2 欲からしづむ淵 . 100 . Tokyo, Japan . 915506077.
    7. Text data: Web site: http://base1.nijl.ac.jp/hanashitext/TextAction.do?bouki=0&saku_no=041&kango=006&sys_han=001&groupId=G0000011&page=239 . ja:6巻 軽口御前男 . 欲からしづむ淵 . 2021-12-12 . . 'Hanashibon taikei' anthology full text database (噺本大系本文データベース) . ja . https://web.archive.org/web/20211212160727/http://base1.nijl.ac.jp/hanashitext/TextAction.do?bouki=0&saku_no=041&kango=006&sys_han=001&groupId=G0000011&page=239 . 2021-12-12 . live.
    8. Encyclopedia: にょぜがもん 如是我聞 . 2006 . . . 2022-01-11 . 'Nyozegamon', Thus have I heard.
    9. Encyclopedia: あのくたらさんみゃくさんぼだい 阿耨多羅三藐三菩提 . 2006 . . . 2022-01-11 . 'Anokutarasanmyakusambodai', Anuttara-samyak sambodhi.
    10. Book: Kikigakiamayonotomo . ja:聞書雨夜友 . 瑶池堂 . Edo, Japan . 1805 . frame 72–78 of total 96 frames . 松壽館老人 . 青雲軒主人 . 2021-12-30 . ja . Isshini imyōo tsukete kōkai seshi hanashi . ja:一子に異名を付けて後悔せし話 . 4 . 10.20730/100052278 . https://kotenseki.nijl.ac.jp/biblio/100052278/viewer/76. (Bunka 2 = approximately 1805 CE)
    11. Transcription and commentary:Book: Shoki Edo yomihon kaidanshū . ja:初期江戸読本怪談集 . Anthology of horror stories in early-stage 'yomihon' of Edo period . Kokusho Kankokai (国書刊行会) . 2000-10-30 . 1805 . 654–657 . 二流間主東随舎 . Kondo . Mizuki . ja . ja:聞書雨夜友(ききがきあまよのとも) - 一子に異名を付けて後悔せし話 . 江戸怪異綺想文芸大系 . 978-4-336-04271-2.
    12. Example: Book: Zhu Xi . Zhu Xi . 1766 . 1189 . . zh:大學 . Great Learning . Shisho Shicchu (Sìshū Jízhù) . zh:四書集註 . zh . 1 . Kyoto, Japan . 勝村治右衞門 . frame 6 . 10.11501/2583035. A Meiwa 3 (=1766 CE) reprint of a classic Chinese textbook.
    13. Encyclopedia: 宝船 . 2006 . . . 2022-01-11.
    14. Facsimile: Tōkyō keizai zasshi . ja:東京経済雑誌 17 明治17年7-9月 221-233号 . Nihon Keizai Hyoronsha (日本経済評論社) . 1884 . ja . 17 . 224 . 109 . Tokyo, Japan . . ja:経済学釈義 . https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2785659?urlappend=%3Bseq=137 . 2027/uc1.c2785659.
    15. Biography of a rakugo performer Hayashiya Shōzō the Fifth . Published as a serial (literature) on a Japanese newspaper.
      • News: Shōdō, virtuoso of horror rakugo (1) . ja:怪談の正童(1). . Japan . 1912-04-08 . Fuku (ふく生) . 3 . ja.
        • excerpts: Hayashiya Shōdō is now 89 years old. He recently changed his stage-name from Shōzō to Shōdō.
        • excerpts: When he was 18 years old (in East Asian age reckoning#Japan), he entered apprenticeship to rakugo master Hayashiya Shōzō the Second .
      • News: Shōdō, virtuoso of horror rakugo (2) . ja:怪談の正童(2). . Japan . 1912-04-09 . Fuku (ふく生) . 3 . ja.
        • excerpts: He received a stage-name Shōkyō. His "Jigemu Jigemu" performance was good. Master Hayashiya Shōzō (the Second) was impressed, so adopted Shōkyō as a son.
        • excerpts: But Shōkyō became arrogant. When he was 22 years old (in East Asian age reckoning), during around the Ansei era, he ran away from Master.
      • News: Shōdō, virtuoso of horror rakugo (4) . ja:怪談の正童(4). . Japan . 1912-04-11 . Fuku (ふく生) . 3 . ja.
        • excerpts: Years later, when Shōkyō came back, he found that Master Hayashiya Shōzō had already died in Ansei 5.
      • Notes (not in the text):
        • The article describes that Shōkyō runaway was in Ansei era, approximately 1855–1860 CE. However, this does not match with his age "22", which is calculated to be roughly around 1845 (1912 CE - 89 years old + 22 years old =1845 CE). But in either case, the article is suggesting that "Jigemu Jigemu" existed before 1860.
        • No information about the storyline of the said "Jigemu Jigemu".
    16. 日印協会会報 (Bulletin of Japan-India Association) . . Noguchi . Fukudo . My journey to India 40 years ago . ja:四十年前の印度旅行 . 1927-11-18 . 42 . 95–96 . ja . Tokyo, Japan . NDLBibID 000008858223.
    17. A 1930 reprint of Noguchi1927 with corrections: Book: Fukudō Noguchi Zenshirō (復堂 野口善四郎) . 1930-01-04 . . ja:四十二年前の印度旅行 . My journey to India 42 years ago . ja:大鼎呂 . ja . 東京 . 二酉社 二酉名著刊行会 . 68–70 . 10.11501/1151509.
    18. In modern Japan, Buddhism rites are mostly associated with funerals: Web site: In Japan, Buddhism May Be Dying Out . 2008-07-14 . 2022-07-03 . New York Times . Onishi . Norimitsu . https://web.archive.org/web/20220124012355/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/14/world/asia/14japan.html/ . 2022-01-24 . live . subscription.
    19. "dabudabu" can mean the watery noise of drowning, or the sound of a Buddhist chant: Encyclopedia: dabudabu . ja:だぶだぶ . 2006 . . . 2022-07-03 . (1-1) Depiction of sloshing; (1-5) Chanting a Buddhist chant. From "dabutsu" (from Amitābha).
    20. Book: Kamigata rakugo, my research book 2 . ja:上方落語ノート第二集 . ja:長名について . Iwanami Shoten . 2020-04-16 . 186–187 . Katsura Beicho III (桂米朝) . ja . 9784006023201 . 1985.
    21. News: Yomiuri radio section . ja:よみうりラヂオ版 . . Japan . 1926-01-08 . 9–10 . ja.
    22. News: "Jugemu"'s Chosuke – a baby's long long name (Rakugo. 7:50 PM) by Yanagiya Gontaro . ja:『壽限無』の長助 - 長い長い赤ちゃんの名前(後7時50分落語)柳家権太楼 . . Japan . 1932-07-26 . 9 . ja.
    23. . Nonkiya Kiraku (呑気屋気楽) . rakugo Jugemu . ja:落語 寿限無 . 13 . 1926-06-01 . Dainihon Yūbenkai (Kodansha) . ja . Tokyo, Japan . 6083714 . .
    24. Encyclopedia: ja:じゅげむ【寿限無】. 1230 . . Edition 4, print 2 . . Tokyo, Japan . Edition 1:1955; Edition 4 print 1:1991-11-15 . 1992-11-17 . Shinmura Izuru . ja . 4-00-080103-1.
    25. Example: Web site: https://www.nhk.or.jp/archives/chronicle/detail/?crnid=A198905081030001300200 . ja:番組名 にんぎょうげき「じゅげむ じゅげむ」. 2022-07-05 . NHK Chronicle . ja:放送日時 アナログ教育 1989年05月08日(月)午前10:30 - 午前10:45 . ja . https://archive.today/20220705171853/https://www.nhk.or.jp/archives/chronicle/detail/?crnid=A198905081030001300200 . 2022-07-05.
    26. チャイルド・サイエンス . Some thoughts on media for children, discourse, and culture – observations from attending the 37th Japan Prize competition convention . ja:子どもメディア・言葉と文化をめぐる考察 - 第37 回「日本賞」教育コンテンツ国際コンクールから . 7 (2010年度) . 29 . Sakaue . Hiroko . 2011-03-01 . https://kodomogakkai.jp/m/pdf/vol_7_sakagami.pdf . Japanese Society of Child Science (日本こども学会) . Tokyo, Japan . ja . 2021-12-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211210115701/https://kodomogakkai.jp/m/pdf/vol_7_sakagami.pdf . 2021-12-10 . live. (TOC: 学会誌『チャイルド・サイエンスVOL.7』2011年03月発刊) (日本賞=Japan Prize (NHK))
    27. Web site: http://www.mainichi.co.jp/edu/edunews/0311/27-1.html . "Jugemu" now on CD and entering classrooms. Everybody recites in Oyabe elementary school, Yokosuka. . ja:「寿限無」CD化、授業にも 横須賀の大矢部小では全員で暗唱 . 2022-02-03 . . 2003-11-27 . Mainich Interactive (毎日インタラクティブ) . from Mainichi Shimbun 27 November 2003 Kanagawa local edition . ja . https://web.archive.org/web/20031203235208/http://www.mainichi.co.jp/edu/edunews/0311/27-1.html . 2003-12-03.
    28. MANABIYA Journal of Teaching Course, Aichi Shukutoku University . Adoption of Japanese Classics in the 2005 edition of Japanese Language Textbooks for Elementary Schools . 71 . Nakashima . Mayumi . 2008-03-31 . 3 . . Japan . 10638/987 . ja . 1881-0306.
    29. http://legendsoflocalization.com/super-mario-bros/names/ Legends Of Localization: Super Mario Bros.
    30. Web site: 【VocaliodP】Jugemu Sequencer【ProjectDIVA_AC応募曲】. October 2010.