Judy Mikovits Explained

Judy Mikovits
Birth Name:Judy Anne Mikovits
Birth Date:1 April 1958
Nationality:American
Occupation:Former biochemistry research scientist,[1]
author of conspiracy literature[2]
Known For:Anti-vaccine activism,
promotion of conspiracy theories
Education:University of Virginia (BA, 1980)
George Washington University (PhD, 1991)

Judy Anne Mikovits (born April 1, 1958[3]) is an American former research scientist who has made discredited medical claims, such as that murine endogenous retroviruses are found in blood samples of most patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). As an outgrowth of these claims, she has engaged in anti-vaccination activism, promoted conspiracy theories, and been accused of scientific misconduct. She has made false claims about vaccines, COVID-19, and ME/CFS, among others.

As research director of CFS research organization Whittemore Peterson Institute (WPI) from 2006 to 2011, Mikovits led an effort that reported in 2009 that a retrovirus known as xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV) was associated with CFS and might have a causal role. However, following widespread criticism, the paper was retracted on December 22, 2011, by the journal Science. In November 2011, she was arrested and held on charges that she stole laboratory notebooks and a computer from WPI, but she was released after five days and the charges were later dropped.

In 2020, Mikovits promoted conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 pandemic via the internet video Plandemic, which made claims that are either false or not based on scientific evidence.

Education and early career

In 1980, Mikovits received her BA degree in chemistry from the University of Virginia. According to Mikovits, she worked as a laboratory technician at Upjohn Pharmaceuticals in Kalamazoo, Michigan from 1986 to 1987, and departed after a dispute related to the company's bovine growth hormone product. In 1988, she worked as a laboratory technician at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Frederick, Maryland under Francis Ruscetti, who later served as her PhD supervisor, and in 1991 she received a PhD in biochemistry[4] from George Washington University.[5] [6] Her PhD thesis was titled "Negative Regulation of HIV Expression in Monocytes".[7] Mikovits stated that she worked as postdoctoral researcher in the laboratory of David Derse from 1993 to 1994.[4] By 1996, Mikovits was employed as a scientist at Ruscetti's Laboratory of Leukocyte Biology at the NCI.[8]

In May 2001, Mikovits left the NCI to work at EpiGenX Biosciences in Santa Barbara, CA, a drug-discovery company.[9] By late 2005, Mikovits was working as a bartender at the Pierpont Bay Yacht Club in Ventura, California.[9] In 2006, she became the Research Director of the Whittemore Peterson Institute, located in Reno, Nevada. After she published a paper in 2009, she became embroiled in controversy. She was fired from the Whittemore Peterson Institute in 2011.

XMRV and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Harvey Whittemore and his wife, Annette, were frustrated by lack of answers for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients, including their daughter. In an effort to solve the CFS problem, they created the Whittemore Peterson Institute in 2005; Mikovits became the research director in 2006.[10] Attempts to find a viral cause of CFS were unsuccessful.

In 2007, Mikovits met a co-discoverer of xenotropic murine leukemia virus–related virus (XMRV), Robert Silverman, at a conference. Silverman had found XMRV sequences, which are highly similar to mouse genomic sequences, in prostate cancer specimens several years earlier. Using tools obtained from Silverman, Mikovits began to look for XMRV in her CFS samples. In late 2008, a graduate student, who subsequently was hired as her technician, obtained two positive results from a group of twenty samples. He and Mikovits successively altered the experimental conditions until all samples gave a positive signal.

In 2009, Mikovits and co-workers reported in the journal Science that they had detected XMRV DNA in CFS patients and control subjects.[11] Negative results were published soon after, disputing Mikovits's findings.[12] [13] Silverman, who was a co-author of the original XMRV-CFS article, told the Chicago Tribune that he was "concerned about lab contamination, despite our best efforts to avoid it".[14]

Two of the original authors of this paper subsequently reanalyzed the samples used in the research and found that the samples were contaminated with XMRV plasmid DNA, leading them to publish a partial retraction of their original results.[15] [16] [17] In December 2011, after a request by Silverman, the editors of Science retracted the paper in its entirety.[18] [19]

Lo and Alter, in their 2010 paper titled "Detection of MLV-related virus gene sequences in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy blood donors", stated "Although we find evidence of a broader group of MLV-related viruses, rather than just XMRV, in patients with CFS and healthy blood donors, our results clearly support the central argument by Lombardi et al. that MLV-related viruses are associated with CFS and are present in some blood donors." This paper was also later retracted by the authors.[20]

On September 29, 2011,[15] Mikovits was terminated by the WPI due to disputes over the control of lab samples and the integrity of her work; she subsequently came under investigation for alleged manipulation of data in her publications related to XMRV.[21] [22] [23] On November 18, 2011, she was arrested at her home in Ventura County, California, and jailed for five days based on WPI's allegations that she stole laboratory notebooks, a computer, and other material.[24] [25] She was held temporarily pursuant to that case,[26] and her lawyer said the charges had no merit. By November 28, after negotiations with the WPI, some lab notes were returned.[27] Later, the criminal charges brought against Mikovits in Washoe County, Nevada, were dismissed by the District Attorney and Assistant District Attorney in Reno, Nevada.[28] [29] [30] [31] The Washington Post later reported that the Whittemore family's legal troubles prevented the Washoe County from pursuing the case.[32]

Mikovits and collaborators participated, with two other research groups, in a larger 2012 study with 147 CFS patients and 146 controls. The study concluded that there was no evidence of XMRV or MLV infection in either group, a result which Mikovits agreed was "the definitive answer" on the issue.[33] [34]

Anti-vaccination activism and conspiracy theories

Mikovits has become a champion for believers in medical conspiracy theories, basing claims linking the XMRV to autism and cancer on other retracted papers, and claiming she had been jailed by the influence of the deep state and Big Pharma. This final claim refers to her arrest in 2011 for allegedly stealing research materials from WPI.[35] [36]

Mikovits has spoken at anti-vaccination events.[37] [38] [39] She has claimed that retroviruses have contaminated 30 percent of vaccines.[40]

Mikovits has received criticism from scientists for stating that XMRV is a communicable infection which is "clearly circulating through the population, as is our fear and your fear". Virologist Vincent Racaniello said that Mikovits's assertion "is just inciting fear".[14] [41] Mikovits showed slides at a conference linking XMRV to Parkinson's disease, autism, and multiple sclerosis. However, there is no published evidence that XMRV is associated with these conditions.[42] [43] [44] [45]

COVID-19 conspiracy theories

Mikovits gained attention on social media for promoting her ideas about the COVID-19 pandemic. She does not believe that a vaccine is needed to prevent COVID-19, and claims that the coronavirus was "caused by a bad strain of flu vaccine that was circulating between 2013 and 2015". She also claimed masks will “activate” the virus and reinfect a mask-wearer over and over.

One such circulating video gained notoriety in May 2020. Titled , this film is a half-hour long documentary-styled interview of Mikovits's views on a variety of subjects.[46] [47] YouTube removed this video from its website a number of times, citing its Community Guidelines.[48] [49] It was later removed by Vimeo and Facebook for similar reasons.[2]

David Gorski reviewed the video for his blog and remarked that "the amount of nonsense, misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy mongering in Mikovits' response to questions is truly epic".[50] The video was fact-checked by the website Maldita.es, which rated the claims she made as either false, or not based on evidence.[51] PolitiFact described the video as "a deep dive into conspiracy theories about COVID-19, public health and the pharmaceutical industry".[52] When asked to respond to eight questions prepared by the Center for Inquiry, Benjamin Radford and Paul Offit about the accuracy of Mikovits' claims, producer Mikki Willis initially agreed, but did not follow through when the questions were sent.[53] As of December 2020, Mikovits had still not provided answers to these questions with Benjamin Radford noting "For an expert and filmmaker who claim to have been censored and silenced, Mikovits and Willis were strangely silent about answering legitimate questions."[54]

When asked to comment on some of the allegations Mikovits makes against Anthony Fauci, the NIH and NIAID told NPR, "The National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases are focused on critical research aimed at ending the COVID-19 pandemic and preventing further deaths. We are not engaging in tactics by some seeking to derail our efforts."[55]

Published books

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Cohen . Jon . Criminal Charges Dropped Against Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Researcher Judy Mikovits . Science. June 13, 2012 . Last November, the district attorney in Washoe County, Nevada, filed a criminal complaint against Mikovits that charged the virologist with illegally stealing property from her former employer, the Whittemore Peterson Institute for Neuro-Immune Disease (WPI) in Reno, Nevada..
  2. News: Andrews . Travis . May 7, 2020 . May 7, 2020 . Facebook and other companies are removing viral 'Plandemic' conspiracy video. .
  3. National Library of Lithuania Catalog ID LNB:DEHT;=BB, retrieved May 20, 2022
  4. Book: Judy Mikovits . Kent Heckenliverly . Plague of Corruption . 2019 . Skyhorse Publishing . 978-1510752245 . 128–30 . [1] Ms. Mikovits was awarded a PhD in biochemistry. [2] I have a PhD in biochemistry.
  5. Web site: Judy A. Mikovits, PhD. September 4, 2017 . author biography . Plague: The Book. https://web.archive.org/web/20180813065211/http://www.plaguethebook.com/judy-a.-mikovits--phd.html . August 13, 2018.
  6. Web site: Dixon . D. . Judy A. Mikovits biography . October 26, 1998 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100527114106/http://rex.nci.nih.gov/RESEARCH/basic/llb/mikovits.htm . May 27, 2010.
  7. News: Enserink . Martin . Cohen . Jon . Fact-checking Judy Mikovits, the controversial virologist attacking Anthony Fauci in a viral conspiracy video . Science AAAS . May 8, 2020 . en.
  8. Book: Division of Basic Sciences Annual Research Directory . 1996 . National Cancer Institute Division of Basic Sciences . 90 . May 9, 2020.
  9. News: Kisken . Tom . World-known Oxnard researcher claims she was smeared, pushed out . May 9, 2020 . . November 24, 2014.
  10. News: Grady . Denise . A Big Splash From an Upstart Medical Center . . November 11, 2009 . May 7, 2020 .
  11. Lombardi VC, Ruscetti FW, Das Gupta J, et al . Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Science . 326 . 5952 . 585–89 . October 2009 . 19815723 . 3073172 . 10.1126/science.1179052 . 2009Sci...326..585L.
  12. Callaway . Ewen . Virology: Fighting for a cause . Nature . 471 . 7338 . 282–85 . March 14, 2011 . 10.1038/471282a . 21412308 . 2011Natur.471..282C . free .
  13. Sam Kean . An Indefatigable Debate Over Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Science . 327 . 5963 . 254–55 . January 15, 2010 . 20075217 . 10.1126/science.327.5963.254 . 2010Sci...327..254K . free .
  14. News: Tsouderos . Trine . Trine Tsouderos . Research casts doubt on theory of cause of chronic fatigue . . March 17, 2011 . May 7, 2020 .
  15. Cohen . Jon . Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Researcher Fired Amidst New Controversy . . October 4, 2011 . May 8, 2020.
  16. Cohen J . Enserink M . False Positive . . September 23, 2011 . 333 . 6050 . 1694–1701 . 10.1126/science.333.6050.1694 . 21940874 . 2011Sci...333.1694C .
  17. Silverman . R. H. . Das Gupta . J. . Lombardi . V. C. . Ruscetti . F. W. . Pfost . M. A. . Hagen . K. S. . Peterson . D. L. . Ruscetti . S. K. . Bagni . R. K. . Petrow-Sadowski . C. . Gold . B. . Dean . M. . Mikovits . J. A. . 220089974 . Partial Retraction . . 334 . 6053 . 176 . 2011 . 10.1126/science.1212182 . 21940859. 2011Sci...334..176S . 6 .
  18. In a Rare Move, Science Without Authors' Consent Retracts Paper That Tied Mouse Virus to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. December 22, 2011 . Cohen . Jon . . December 22, 2011.
  19. Alberts. Bruce. Bruce Alberts. December 23, 2011. Retraction. Science. 334. 6063. 1636. 10.1126/science.334.6063.1636-a. 0036-8075. 22194552. 2011Sci...334.1636A. free.
  20. Lo . S. -C. . Pripuzova . N. . Li . B. . Komaroff . A. L. . Hung . G. -C. . Wang . R. . Alter . H. J. . Detection of MLV-related virus gene sequences in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy blood donors. . 107 . 36 . 15874–79 . 2010 . 10.1073/pnas.1006901107 . 20798047 . 2936598. 2010PNAS..10715874L . free .
  21. Ledford. Heidi. October 5, 2011. Integrity issue follows fired researcher. Nature. 10.1038/news.2011.574. 0028-0836.
  22. Stolen Notebooks and a Biochemist in Chains. Julie. Rehmeyer. December 2, 2011 . May 7, 2020 . Slate.
  23. News: Tsouderos. Trine. Trine Tsouderos. October 3, 2011. Manipulation alleged in paper linking virus, chronic fatigue syndrome. Chicago Tribune.
  24. Cohen . Jon . Dispute Over Lab Notebooks Lands Researcher in Jail . . December 2, 2011 . 334 . 6060 . 1189–90 . 10.1126/science.334.6060.1189 . 22144589 . 2011Sci...334.1189C . May 8, 2020.
  25. Web site: Discredited chronic fatigue researcher in California jail. Tsouderos. Trine. Trine Tsouderos. November 22, 2011. Chicago Tribune. May 7, 2020.
  26. Web site: Cohen . Jon . Controversial CFS Researcher Arrested and Jailed . November 19, 2011 . . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20111201034505/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2011/11/controversial-CFS-researcher-arr.html?ref=hp. December 1, 2011. May 6, 2020.
  27. News: Mullen . Frank X. Jr. . Missing notebooks returned to Reno chronic disease lab . November 28, 2011 . Reno Gazette Journal. May 19, 2020 . subscription . Newspapers.Com . 1, 3.
  28. Web site: Notice of Dismissal [of charges against Judy Mikovits]]. Gammick. Richard A.. Helzer. John W.. June 11, 2012. Justice Court of Reno Township, Washoe County, Nevada. official court document. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150425023129/http://cfidsreport.com/images/Judy%20Mikovits%20Dismissal.pdf. April 25, 2015.
  29. News: Cohen . Jon . June 13 Criminal Charges Dropped Against Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Researcher Judy Mikovits . June 13, 2012 . . June 13, 2012.
  30. News: Tsouderos . Trine . Trine Tsouderos . Nevada drops charges against researcher Mikovits . June 15, 2012 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20120619012325/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-mikovits-charges-main-20120615,0,7187208.story/ . June 19, 2012 . live . May 20, 2020.
  31. News: Tuller . David . No Theft Charge for Chronic Fatigue Researcher . June 14, 2012 . . June 14, 2011.
  32. News: Shepherd . Katie . Jill Neimark . Who is Judy Mikovits in 'Plandemic,' the coronavirus conspiracy video just banned from social media? . May 8, 2020 . May 9, 2020 . Washington Post .
  33. Enserink. M.. New XMRV Studies Bring Closure – and Fresh Dispute. . September 20, 2012. 337. 6101. 1441–42. 10.1126/science.337.6101.1441. 22997296. 2012Sci...337.1441E.
  34. Alter. H. J.. Mikovits. J. A.. Switzer. W. M.. Ruscetti. F. W.. Lo. S.-C.. Klimas. N.. Komaroff. A. L.. Montoya. J. G.. Bateman. L.. Levine. S.. Peterson. D.. Levin. B.. Hanson. M. R.. Genfi. A.. Bhat. M.. Zheng. H.. Wang. R.. Li. B.. Hung. G.-C.. Lee. L. L.. Sameroff. S.. Heneine. W.. Coffin. J.. Hornig. M.. Lipkin. W. I.. A Multicenter Blinded Analysis Indicates No Association between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and either Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus or Polytropic Murine Leukemia Virus. . September 18, 2012. 3. 5. e00266. 10.1128/mBio.00266-12. 22991430. 3448165. 6.
  35. Web site: Kasprak . Alex . Was a Scientist Jailed After Discovering a Deadly Virus Delivered Through Vaccines? . May 6, 2020 . May 7, 2020 . Snopes.
  36. Web site: Mikkelson . David . 'Plandemic': Was Judy Mikovits Arrested Without a Warrant and Jailed Without Charges? . . May 8, 2020 . August 7, 2023.
  37. Web site: Merlan. Anna. April 22, 2020. The Coronavirus Truthers Don't Believe in Public Health. April 22, 2020. Vice.
  38. News: Kisken . Tom . New group of Ventura County vaccine skeptics take shots at exemption bill . July 5, 2019 . . April 23, 2020 . en.
  39. Web site: Swenson . Ali . Phoenix 'Vaccine Education Summit' Promises Anti-Vax Propaganda . . September 24, 2019 . May 7, 2020.
  40. Web site: Neimark. Jill. Jill Neimark. January 19, 2016. Why bad science won't ever die. May 6, 2020. Quartz.
  41. News: Powers . Lenita . Reno researchers dispute British challenge to virus discovery . . January 13, 2010 . May 6, 2020 .
  42. Satterfield BC, Garcia RA, Gurrieri F, Schwartz CE . PCR and serology find no association between xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) and autism . . 1 . 1 . 14 . 2010 . 20946639 . 2964727 . 10.1186/2040-2392-1-14 . free .
  43. Luczkowiak . J . Sierra . O . González-Martín . JJ . Herrero-Beaumont . G . Delgado . R . No xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus detected in fibromyalgia patients . . 17 . 2 . 314–15 . 2011 . 21291619 . 10.3201/eid1702.100978 . 3204766.
  44. Digard . P.. Strohschein . O.. Brandt . K.. Seeher . A. U.. Klein . S.. Kurth . S.. Paul . R.. Meisel . F.. Scheibenbogen . C. . Carmen Scheibenbogen. Bannert. 10.1371/journal.pone.0015632 . N.. Digard. Paul. No Evidence for XMRV in German CFS and MS Patients with Fatigue Despite the Ability of the Virus to Infect Human Blood Cells in Vitro. PLOS One. 5. 12. e15632. 2010. 21203514. 3008728. 2010PLoSO...515632H . free.
  45. Jeziorski . E. . Foulongne . V. . Ludwig . C. . Louhaem . D. . Chiocchia . G. . Segondy . M. . Rodière . M. . Sitbon . M. . Courgnaud . V. R. . No evidence for XMRV association in pediatric idiopathic diseases in France . . 7 . 63 . 2010 . 20678193 . 2920251 . 10.1186/1742-4690-7-63. free .
  46. News: Ohlheiser. Abby. May 7, 2020. How covid-19 conspiracy theorists are exploiting YouTube culture. MIT Technology Review. May 8, 2020.
  47. News: Hatmaker. Taylor. May 7, 2020. Platforms scramble as 'Plandemic' conspiracy video spreads misinformation like wildfire. TechCrunch. May 8, 2020.
  48. Web site: Plandemic Movie Video Removed by YouTube: Watch. McBride. Jessica. May 6, 2020. Heavy.com. May 7, 2020.
  49. News: Herbert. Geoff. May 7, 2020. YouTube removes 'Plandemic' video with coronavirus claims by Dr. Judy Mikovits. Syracuse.com. May 8, 2020.
  50. Web site: Judy Mikovits in Plandemic: An antivax conspiracy theorist becomes a COVID-19 grifter. Gorski. David. David Gorski. May 6, 2020. Respectful Insolence. May 7, 2020.
  51. Web site: ¿Qué sabemos acerca del vídeo de la supuesta viróloga Judy Mikovits sobre el coronavirus? . What do we know about the video of the alleged virologist Judy Mikovits on the coronavirus? . es . May 2, 2020 . .
  52. Web site: Fact-checking 'Plandemic': A documentary full of false conspiracy theories about the coronavirus . Funke. Daniel. May 7, 2020. . May 8, 2020.
  53. Web site: 'Plandemic' Asks Questions – But Won't Answer Them. Radford. Benjamin. Benjamin Radford. May 21, 2020. Center for Inquiry. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200521213748/https://centerforinquiry.org/blog/plandemic-asks-questions-but-wont-answer-them/. May 21, 2020. May 21, 2020.
  54. Web site: Radford. Benjamin. Benjamin Radford. Plandemic at Six Months: Publicity Stunt's Conspiracy Claims Prove False . December 2020. Center For Inquiry . December 3, 2020.
  55. Web site: Seen 'Plandemic'? We Take A Close Look At The Viral Conspiracy Video's Claims. NPR.org. May 8, 2020. en. May 8, 2020. Neuman. Scott.
  56. News: May 7, 2020 . YouTube removes 'Plandemic' video with coronavirus claims by Dr. Judy Mikovits . en . Syracuse Post-Standard . May 11, 2020.

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