| Holiday Name: | Passion Sunday |
| Type: | Christian |
| Observedby: | Anglicans Lutherans Roman Catholics (Extraordinary Form) Methodists |
| Date: | Fifth Sunday in Lent; Second Sunday before Easter, or the Sunday following this (Roman Rite) |
Passion Sunday is the fifth Sunday in Lent, marking the beginning of Passiontide. In 1969, the Roman Catholic Church removed Passiontide from the liturgical year of the Novus Ordo, but it is still observed in the Extraordinary Form, the Personal Ordinariates, and by some Anglicans and Lutherans.
In Scotland, the day is known as Care Sunday.
Until 1959, the fifth Sunday in Lent was officially known in the Roman Catholic Church as Passion Sunday.[1] It marked the beginning of a two-week-long period known as Passiontide, which is still observed by Catholics who attend the Extraordinary Form or Catholics of the Anglican Ordinariate, Western Rite Orthodoxy, various denominations in Protestantism.
In 1960, Pope John XXIII's Code of Rubrics changed the name for that Sunday to "First Sunday of the Passion"[2] bringing the name into harmony with the name that Pope Pius XII gave, five years earlier, to the sixth Sunday in Lent, "Second Sunday of the Passion or Palm Sunday".
Pope Paul VI's revision in 1969 removed a distinction that existed (although with overlap) between Lent and Passiontide, which began with the fifth Sunday in Lent. The distinction, explicit in the 1960 Code of Rubrics,[3] predates it.[4] He removed from the fifth Sunday in Lent the reference to the Passion.
Although Passiontide as a distinct liturgical season was thus abolished, the Roman Rite liturgy continues to bring the Passion of Christ to mind, from Monday of the fifth week in Lent onward, through the choice of hymns, the use on the weekdays of the fifth week of Lent of Preface I of the Passion of the Lord, with Preface II of the Passion of the Lord being used on the first three weekdays of Holy Week, and the authorization of the practice of covering crosses and images from the fifth Sunday in Lent onward, if the Conference of Bishops so decides. Where this practice is followed, crucifixes remain covered until the end of the Good Friday celebration of the Lord's Passion; statues remain covered until the beginning of the Easter Vigil.
The entrance antiphon of the Mass on the fifth Sunday in Lent begins with the word "Iudica" (older spelling, "Judica"). This provides another name for that Sunday: "Iudica Sunday" or "Judica Sunday",[5] similar to the name "Laetare Sunday" for the fourth Sunday. Because of the custom of veiling crucifixes and statues in the church before Mass on the fifth Sunday in Lent, this Sunday was called Black Sunday in Germany, where the veils, which elsewhere were generally violet, were of black colour.[6]
Those who continue to observe earlier forms of the Roman Rite or of liturgies modelled on it refer to the fifth Sunday in Lent by one or other of its previous names.
The historical readings for the fifth Sunday in Lent in the Lutheran tradition are Genesis 12:1–3, Hebrews 9:11–15, John 8:46–59, and Psalm 43. I Corinthians 1:21–31 and Matthew 26:17–29 are alternate readings.[7]
The three-year lectionary appoints the following readings for the fifth Sunday in Lent:[8]
In the Roman Rite, the Gospel reading at the Mass of the sixth Sunday in Lent is an account in one of the Synoptic Gospels of the Passion of Christ. Until 1969, the account read was always that of the Gospel of Matthew: the whole of chapters 26 and 27 (Matthew 26:1–27:66)[9] until 1954, but reduced in 1955 to Matthew 26:36–27:60 and for priests celebrating a second or a third Mass on that day to Matthew 27:45–52 alone.[10] Since 1970, the revision of the Roman Missal has introduced a three-year cycle in which the accounts of Matthew (26:14–27:66 or 27:11–54), Mark (14:1–15:47 or 15:1–39) and Luke (22:14–23:56 or 23:1–49) are read in successive years.[11]
Until 1954, the name of the sixth Sunday in Lent was "Palm Sunday".[12] In 1955, the name became, for 15 years, the "Second Sunday of the Passion or Palm Sunday".[13] In 1970, it became "Palm Sunday of the Passion of the Lord".[14]
In the north of England and parts of Scotland, it is a tradition to eat carlin peas on this day.[15] [16]