Juana Lopez Member Explained

Juana Lopez Member
Type:Member
Period:Turonian
Prilithology:Sandstone with abundant carbonate fossil grains
Otherlithology:Gravel, Codel fragments
Namedfor:Mesita Juana Lopez Grant, six miles northwest of Los Cerrillos, New Mexico
Namedby:Rankin
Year Ts:1944
Coordinates:35.4866°N -106.201°W
Unitof:Mancos Shale (San Juan basin)
Carlile Formation (Denver and Raton Basins)
Benton Shale (North Park Basin)
Underlies:Niobrara Formation
Overlies:Codel Sandstone member of the Carlile
Thickness:140feet

Juana Lopez refers to both the uppermost member of the Carlile Shale formation and to the environment that caused it to form. The Juana Lopez Member is calcareous sandstone dated to the Turonian age of the Upper Cretaceous and is exposed in the southern and western Colorado, northern and central New Mexico, and northeastern Utah.[1] The unit has been described as "the most enigmatic" member of the Carlile Shale.

Description

The Juana Lopez Member consists of beds of calcarenite separated by intervals of mudstone. Calcarenite is a form of limestone composed mostly of sand-sized carbonate grains. In the Juana Lopez Member, these are mostly fragmented coral, shells (especially inoceramid prisms), shark teeth, bone, and other fragmented fossils.[2] The Juana Lopez Member smells of sulfur when freshly broken. It formed on wide, shallow marine shelf, with strong wave action, but with little sediment coming in from land. It was exposed on the land surface between the retreat of the Greenhorn cycle and the advance of the Niobrara cycle of the Western Interior Seaway.

As originally defined, the unit included only the uppermost calcarenite bed, with a thickness of less than 10feet. As currently defined, the unit includes the entire sequence of calcarenite beds separated by mudstone intervals, and is up to about 140NaN thick.

The unit is one of the most extensive units of the Western Interior Seaway, being present in the Mancos Shale of the San Juan Basin, the Carlile Shale of the Denver Basin and Raton Basin, and the Benton Shale of the North Park Basin.[3] Outcrops have been found as far east as Kansas and as far south as west Texas.

Fossils

The unit is highly fossiliferous. Fossils identified in the unit are primarily marine molluscs, including Prinocyclus, Inoceramus,[4] Ostrea,[5] Lopha lugubris, Coilopoceras, Hourcquia, and Scaphites. The fossils indicate that the member is upper Turonian in age. Teeth of the shark Ptychodus are also found.[5]

History of investigation

The distinctive beds and fossils of the member were first noted by John Strong Newberry in 1861. The member was first designated in 1944 by C.H. Rankin, Jr., who recognized the member throughout northern New Mexico and western Colorado. Rankin established the correlation between the Mancos Shale and the Colorado Group and was able to identify most of the units of the Colorado Group within the Mancos Shale, and identified the top of the Juana Lopez Member as the top of the Carlile Shale.[4] In 1955, Dan Bozanic revised the definition of the member to include a much larger set of beds,[6] and this revision has been widely accepted.

Notes and References

  1. Molenaar . C.M. . Cobban . W.A. . Middle Cretaceous stratigraphy on the south and east sides of the Uinta Basin, northeastern Utah and northwestern Colorado . United States Geological Survey Bulletin . 1991 . 1787-P . 10.3133/b1787P. free .
  2. Hook . Stephen C. . Cobban . William A. . The Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Juana Lopez Beds of the D-Cross Tongue of the Mancos Shale in central New Mexico and their relationship to the Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale in the San Juan Basin . New Mexico Geology . August 2013 . 35 . 3 . 59–81 . 14 September 2021.
  3. Hook . Stephen C. . Cobban . William A. . Reinterpretation of type section of Juana Lopez Member of Mancos Shale . New Mexico Geology . 1980 . 2 . 2 . 17 . 14 September 2021.
  4. Rankin . C.H. Jr. . 1944 . Stratigraphy of the Colorado group, Upper Cretaceous, in northern New Mexico . New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin . 20 . 14 September 2021.
  5. Ekren . E.B. . Houser . F.N. . Geology and petrology of the Ute Mountains area, Colorado . United States Geological Survey Professional Paper . Professional Paper . 1965 . 481 . 10.3133/pp481. free .
  6. Bozanic . Dan . 1955 . A brief discussion on the subsurface Cretaceous rocks of the San Juan Basin . Four Corners Geological Society Guidebook . 1 . 89–107.