Josignacio Explained

Josignacio
Birth Name:Josė Ignacio Sánchez-Rius
Birth Date:24 October 1963
Birth Place:Havana, Cuba
Nationality:Cuban-American
Known For:Plastic Paint Medium, Neo Figurative Art, Abstract Expressionism, Abstract art
Movement:Contemporary art "Cuban Generation of the 80s"
Notable Works:The Music is Timeless
The Three Wisest Monkeys
Sweet Adagio in Solo Guitar
The 3 O'Clock
Red Fish
The Virtual Key
Rhapsody Blue
Awards:Hortt 38 Best In Show '96, 1st Place in EVMCC '79 and '80

Josignacio (b. José Ignacio Sánchez-Rius, in Havana, Cuba, on October 24, 1963) is a Cuban Contemporary artist and author.[1] [2] He is among the most significant living contemporary Cuban and Latin American artists due to his career auction records, paint medium innovations, and association with notable cultural events, venues, and celebrity figures in the United States and Cuba.

He emerged in Cuba's controversial, "La Generacion de los 80s,"[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] the 80s generation of contemporary Cuban art,[8] also referred to as New Cuban Art. This cultural decade in Cuba contrasted a country in transition, influenced artistic debates both at home and abroad, and began the generation's collaboration with “Volume 1" [9]  - a commitment to non-government mandated artistic expression. They included Rubén Torres Llorca, José Bedia Valdés, Ricardo Rodriguez Brey, Juan Francisco Elso, Rogelio López Marín (Gory), Gustavo Pérez Monzón,[10] José Manuel Fors, Leandro Soto Ortiz, Israel León, Tomás Sánchez and Carlos Alfonzo.[11]

In the second half of the decade, other artistic groups were formed, including 4 x 4, Grupo Hexágono, Arte Calle, Grupo Provisional, the duet René Francisco Rodríguez and Eduardo Ponjuán González [12]  and ABTV. Grupo Puré, another new wave of young artists, graduates of the Instituto Superior de Arte (ISA),[13] included Ana Albertina Delgado Álvarez, Adriano Buergo, Ciro Quintana.[14] Josignacio first gained artistic recognition in Cuba as a key figure of this period and was widely exhibited in Havana galleries during the 1980s.[15]

In 1984, Josignacio created the "Plastic Paint Medium" of art by mixing epoxy resins with oil colors and other pigments, resulting in a hard, glossed, 3D finish, a method which would become his identifiable style.[16] Josignacio is the first living contemporary Latin American artist to have an artwork surpass US$3 million at auction.[17] [18]

His work has been exhibited in Cuba, Europe, the Northeast United States, and South Florida.[19] [20]

Early life

Upbringing

Josė Ignacio Sánchez Rius was born on 24 October 1963 in Havana, Cuba. He was raised in Havana during the post-Revolution period. During his upbringing, Josignacio was acquainted with several prominent Cuban national figures in the creative arts. These included the artists René Portocarrero, Amelia Peláez, Felipe López, Mariano Rodriguez, Roberto Fabelo, and Gilberto Marino, many of whom had established international profiles and several of which, most notably Portocarrero, would also mentor him with painting lessons. He also knew famed Cuban ballerina and choreographer Alicia Alonso due to his cousins being professional dancers. This exposure was highly formative to his creative development and influenced his own art career.

Early art career

He began to exhibit his work in 1979 at the age of sixteen. In 1983, Josignacio passed the admissions test for the Instituto Superior de Arte (ISA) at the age of twenty. Before attending, however, he has shaved his head as a change in his personal style and appearance to reflect entering a new stage in his life.[21] This act was misinterpreted by the ISA administration as a protest against the Castro government, and he was subsequently banned from attending the institute. Following this incident, the artist was largely self-taught and supplementally educated through continued mentorships, as in his childhood.

Despite the reprimand, Josignacio chose to continue to pursue an art career. The following year, in 1984, he worked as a studio assistant for Martinez Anay and Andres Ugalde during their creation of a large scale public mural for the Sociedad de Educación Patriótico-Militar (SEPMI; the Military Patriotic Educational Society), the Cuban equivalent of the Boy Scouts.[22] The agency was then directed by former Cuban Cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez. His involvement in this public art project proved to be a significant turning-point for his career as it was during that period that the artist first discovered a method of mixing epoxy resin with oil paint. This new medium took him two years to develop and refine through experimentation and would come to be known as the “Plastic Paint Medium.” Josignacio held first career solo exhibition, secured by his uncle Gerardo, at the Artistic and Literary Lyceum of the city of Regla on March 2, 1987. The exhibition was also notable for being the first global exhibition entirely composed of publicly displayed works in the Plastic Paint Medium. During this period of developing the Plastic Paint Medium, Josignacio was a frequent patron of the renowned Havana restaurant La Bodeguita del Medio and part of the community of artists that would gather there.[23]

By 1988, Josignacio was a member of the Asociación Hermanos Saíz (AHS), a Cuban youth arts institution,[24] and his career began to become increasingly impacted by international Cuban politics. As an AHS member, he was commissioned that year to create the design for one of the participating floats in the Havana Carnival.[25] [26] Upon completion of his design and presenting it to the event commission, he was informed that his commission was canceled and the float design was recommissioned to fellow Cuban painter Manuel Mendive. This was precipitated by a controversial incident in which one of Mendive's paintings, El Pavo Real, was burned by an anti-Castro activist following his purchase of the piece at an April 22 auction held in the former Cuban Museum of Art and Culture in Miami.[27] In reaction to this incident, the Castro government reassigned Josignacio's commission to Mendive in a show of solidarity.

Nevertheless, by 1989 Josignacio had become professionally established with his work exhibited in eighteen Havana galleries between 1987 and 1989. A final career turning point occurred later that year as he was invited exhibit his art internationally in two venues in Mexico City: The Gallery of the National Auditorium and Centro Cultural Los Talleres in Coyoacán.[28] The planned shows were ultimately cancelled on May 10, 1989, by the Castro government by way of the Cuban embassy in Mexico City. This latest incident prompted the artist relocate permanently to the United States on September 14, 1989, where he would become a naturalized American citizen.

Career in the United States

Upon relocating to the United States in 1989,[29] Josignacio joined the South Florida Cuban diaspora in exile. There he quickly emerged as a major figure in Miami and Cuban exile culture and society. After becoming connected to Cuban fine art dealer Alfredo Martinez, Josignacio was introduced to his network and Martinez became a patron and supporter of his work. Martinez owned two prominent art galleries in Coral Gables: Marpad Gallery and Alfredo Martinez Gallery. Josignacio became a featured artist of both and would quickly establish himself in the American art market through the 1990s.

In 1991 Josignacio had a solo exhibition in Marpad Gallery and was then a featured artist in the annual Art Miami contemporary art fair, in which he would maintain a regular presence through 2007.[30] The following year was a featured artist in Marpad Gallery's major collective exhibition marking the 500th anniversary of the Discovery of America, held in April 1992. The exhibition featured 37 Latin American artists from Cuba, Costa Rica, Haiti, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Colombia, Argentina, Panama, as well as from Spain.[31]

Josignacio experienced a pronounced career breakthrough in the United States by the mid-1990s. In 1996 he had a solo exhibition in Alfredo Martinez Gallery and participated in two prominent South Florida annual collective art exhibitions: Art Palm Beach and the Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale's 38th Annual Hortt Competition Exhibition, Florida's oldest juried art exhibition. In the latter Josignacio won the Best in Show award for which he was one of 80 featured artists exhibiting a total of 105 works chosen from a pool of over 1,300 submissions.[32] His winning piece was the work The 3 O'Clock.[33] In 1997 he exhibited in the Liquid night club, a high-profile Miami nightclub of the 1990s, in an exhibition organized by close Madonna associates Ingrid Casares[34] and Chris Paciello.[35] Casares and Paciello would also organize and host three additional exhibitions for Josignacio that year at Risk, another of their night clubs.

In 2001 and 2002 he participated in the Cuba Nostalgia art fair and collective exhibition through Alfredo Martinez Gallery. The exhibitions featured other leading Cuban artists such as the Cuban Vangaurdia artists, Jose Maria Mijares, and Carlos Alfonzo.

From 2006 to 2010, Josignacio was the subject of three film documentaries. In 2013 he published his first novel, Las Lagrimas del Cocodrilo.

The mid-2010s was another pivotal period in Josignacio's career. In 2015 he returned to Cuba for the first time in 25 years since emigrating to the United States. That same year he set the global auction record for the highest price achieved by a living Cuban artist with the sale of The Three Wisest Monkeys for US$720,000 in Las Vegas, Nevada.[36] In March 2016 Josignacio set the global auction record for the highest price achieved by a living Latin American artist with the sale of The Music is Timeless (1989) for US$3,481,205.00 in London. This was also the first work by a living Latin American artist to surpass US$3 million at auction. Josignacio's Rostro (1989), sold for US$2,329,200.00 in London. This marked his second instance of reaching the multimillion-dollar threshold at auction and cemented the market value of his artwork in the 21st century. That year Josignacio returned once again to Cuba to display works from his Dancers series, at the request of his childhood friend, Cuban ballerina and choreographer Alicia Alonso. This was first time the series had been exhibited in Cuba. Among the works was a figurative painting of Alonso, which was exhibited at the International Ballet Festival in The National Ballet of Cuba in Havana.

In 2017 the artist developed three major new series of work: one of the Chinese Zodiac, one of Cuban national hero José Martí, and one of LGBT+ themed works in opposition to homophobia and transphobia.[37] [38] [39] Each was unveiled and displayed in exhibitions centered on their respective themes.

In 2021 he was a featured artist participating in Art Basel Miami; this was the international art fair's first showing since the outbreak of the global coronavirus pandemic.

In 2024, Josignacio marked the 40th anniversary of his development of the Plastic Paint Medium by breaking a three year exhibiting hiatus and participating in the high profile Flora & Fauna exhibition, held in the former Gulf Coast Museum of Art in Largo.[40] The exhibition was his first show in Tampa Bay and his first exhibition since 2021. Funded in part by the National Endowment for the Arts, Flora & Fauna also featured other notable artists including Adriano Nicot and Edel Alvarez Galban, and received coverage from Diario Las Americas, The Artisan Magazine, as well as television coverage.[41] [42] Three of Josignacio’s well established nature themes series were on view: his Butterfly, Flowers, and Fish.

Style and analysis

Josignacio's artwork is described as varyingly abstract, semi-abstract, and neofigurative. His works emphasize color over form and he typically works in large scale formats.

He best known for working in and pioneering the "Plastic Paint Medium," which he first developed in 1984. The medium uses clear epoxy resin mixed with color pigment which is then drip-poured unto surfaces to create forms. The resulting effect achieves a brilliance in color and shine Cuban art critic Yoel Almaguer de Armas compares to painted glass.

The term Plastic Paint Medium was first coined by Dr. Jose Antonio Portuondo who wrote in the catalog for Josignacio's first solo exhibition in 1987. In it, he described the use of epoxy resin as an “agglutinating medium” and called Josignacio the artistic representative of the “Plastic Era.”[43] Its impact and avant-garde nature has been called “A revolution inside The Revolution” by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez while art critic Leonel López-Nussa described it as “New-Ism.”[44] Dr. Kenworth W. Moffett, former Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale Director, described the Plastic Paint Medium as "the result of the marriage of art and technology." Among the medium's practical advantages are that it is more durable against the elements as well as better resistant to the effect of UV light than standard oil and acrylic works.

Despite the "Plastic Era" associations of Josignacio's Plastic Paint Medium, there have also been psychological, philosophical, and anti-commercial statements found within his work.[45] Like the Abstract Expressionists, his method engages in what he describes as a “dialog” with his works while creating them, allowing himself to be guided to a conclusion rather than tightly controlling the outcome. This approach prioritizes the unconscious over the conscious in the creating process. As such, he has stated that he is more interested in the organic abstract elements that emerge in his creative process than in the result, which allows for a continual discovery of new aspects to the works after completion. He has also incorporated abstracted ambiguous images in his art to contrast the superficial elements and encourage deeper psychological reflection from the viewer.

Among his most well-known and reported series of works are his auction record-breaking Guitar series, his various animal series, as well as more figurative representations of the human form.

His most recent works since the end of the 2010s further experiment with contemporary mediums, such as multimedia, sculptural, and three dimensional works that incorporate LED light.[46]

Influences

Early Cuban abstract art, European art, and mid-century American art are significant influences in Josignacio's art. After 1960 and during Josignacio's upbringing, Cuban abstract art[47] was scarce or considerably silenced on the island as a result of the Cuban Revolution.[48] This contributed to the radical, avant-garde nature of the art emerging in Cuba during the 1980s. The 80s Generation group would coalesce around Galería Color-Luz, which was started just after Ms. Soldevilla returned from several years in Paris as Cuba's cultural attaché, bringing European influence. Her partner in the effort, Pedro de Oraá, an artist, poet and art critic, born in 1931, also wrote a short history of the group.[49]

Josignacio was influenced by the Abstract Expressionists of the New York School (art), especially Jackson Pollock, from whom he originally saw the use of dripping and pouring paint onto canvases. However, instead of alkyd enamels that Pollack used, Josignacio used his "Plastic Paint Medium" technique of mixing epoxy resins with oil colors and other pigments. Dutch painter Karel Appel's faces[50] and Russian artist Wassily Kandinsky's mix of colors [51] were also special focuses. From Dutch-American Willem de Kooning.[52] Josignacio learned the centered figure compositions[53] Another influence of Abstract Expressionism is his use and strong incorporation of fluid, largescale color field backgrounds in his works. Josignacio was also influenced by his early exposure and mentorships from Cuban Vanguardia artists, such as René Portocarrero, and their use of color.

In addition to the formal elements of fine art movements and artists, the Josignacio has also cited other influences to his work outside visual art. These have included music (particularly in his Guitar series), human emotion, and the details within the natural world.[54] In regards to nature, Josignacio has acknowledged using close-up images of fossil rocks, deep-sea flora and fauna, and outer space as references and inspiration for his work.

Recognition and legacy

Josignacio is best known for developing the Plastic Paint Medium, as well as for breaking auction records for living Cuban and Latin American artists. As his profile has expanded since beginning his career in the 1970s, Josignacio's artwork has been exhibited in major art markets in Europe, Cuba, and the United States including Havana, London, New York City, New Jersey, Miami, Coral Gables, Miami Beach, and Fort Lauderdale. This has included participation in international art fairs, exhibitions, and prominent venues including Art Palm Beach, Art Miami, Art Basel Miami, the Miami Design District, and the Museum of Art Fort Lauderdale's Annual Hortt Competition Exhibition. His art is in the permanent collection of the Cuba's National Library, the Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí. His artwork is also included within the private collections of the several most prominent figures of the 20th and 21st centuries across a range of fields. His collectors have included Madonna, Jay-Z and Beyoncé, Emilio and Gloria Estefan, Andy Garcia, former U.S. President Bill Clinton, former Speaker of the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich, four past presidents of Mexico, and leading Latin American art collections including Jorge Mas Canosa, the Bacardi and Fanjul families, and Alfredo Martinez.[55] [56]

Josignacio's career has been covered by international media including Architectural Digest,[57] ARTnews,[58] The Miami Herald,[59] El Nuevo Herald,[60] Diario Las Américas, Arts Coast Magazine, New Miami Times, Arteinformado,[61] Granma,[62] Radio Rebelde, Coral Gables News, the Biscayne Bay Tribune, and The Artisan Magazine.

In addition to published exhibition catalogs, he has been mentioned in books such as Asbury Park: A Century of Change and included in The Review of Inter-American Bibliography (1998) by Organization of American States.[63] In 2023 his US career became the subject of the book Josignacio: Genio del Oleo y la Resina. Tomo I (Josignacio: Genius of Oil and Resin. Volume 1).[64]

Josignacio's career has been the subject of several film documentaries in English and Spanish including Josignacio: Las Formas del Color (2008; by Art Work Productions and directed by Roberto J. Cayuso), as well as Josignacio: The Master of Colors (2010) by Calico Productions and directed by Daniel Urdanivia.[65] He has also been featured in the documentaries La Pintura Cubana (2006) Art Work Productions and Los pintores cubanos: Dos siglos de pintura cubana by Latin American Art Consultants.[66] Josignacio has also written published letters in support of other artists, including Alfredo Martinez and Edel Alvarez Galban.[67] [68]

The Vasari Project maintains archives relating to Josignacio's career due to their cultural significance to South Florida and the Cuban community.[69] The Vasari Project is overseen by the Miami-Dade Public Library System to document artistically significant records pertaining to the Miami-Dade County region from the Post-World War II era through to the present.[70]

Social causes and charity work

Josignacio contributed to social charities by donating his artworks to raise funds for various causes.

Within months of his arrival to Miami art scene, art historian and former Miami Herald art critic Helen Kohen[71] [72] wrote about Josignacio's dedication to help raise money for AIDS patients of Genesis Project in 1990, six months after his arrival to the United States. These auctions, held at InterContinental Hotel Miami, were presided by Julio Hernandez Rojo[73] and Dolores C. Smithies.

Since 1996, Josignacio has been a fundraiser for the Miami Children's Hospital. He has also worked on behalf of earthquake victims and hurricane victims. In 2017, a portion of the proceeds from the sale of his painting Smooth Guitar was donated to aid those affected by Hurricane Irma.[74]

Public art

In 2011, Josignacio produced a 8-foot x 12 foot mural titled Tree of Life in Asbury Park, New Jersey. This triptych represents a convergence of the past, present and future, to create an image of humanity, and is dedicated to the children of Asbury Park. Tree of Life is permanently located at the Asbury Park Transportation Center on Main Street in Asbury Park, New Jersey.[75] Tree of Life was the first artwork to be exhibited in the Asbury Park Transportation Center and is valued at US$180,000.[76]

In 2017, Josignacio donated a diptych of José Martí to the permanent collection of the Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí (the José Martí National Library of Cuba). The diptych was inspired by a quote from Martí: “Mi verso es de un verde claro y de un carmín encendido” ("My verse is light green and burning carmine”), which defined the joint color field background of the works. They were unveiled in the exhibition “Martí visto por Josignacio” (Martí seen by Josignacio) at the El Reino de Este mundo Gallery, of the National Library of Cuba.

Awards

Auction records

Josignacio has achieved the highest auction hammer price among living contemporary Latin American artists. As a blue chip artist, his large scale works have recurrently surpassed $100,000 at auction.

On December 23, 2014, Josignacio's The Three Wisest Monkeys (1991) was sold for a hammer price of US$720,000 at Pangaea Auction House in Las Vegas, Nevada. This sale set Josignacio as the highest achieved auction price by a living Cuban artist globally, surpassing Tomás Sánchez who previously held the record at $540,000.

In 2015, nine of Josignacio's works collectively attained a total of $2,152,500 at auction. Of them, The Key of Success (2011), sold on December 15, 2015, for a hammer price of US$574,750 at Miami Auction Gallery, Miami, Florida.[77] Another work, Sweet Adagio in Solo Guitar (1994), from his Guitar series, sold for $630,000.[78]

On March 10, 2016, Josignacio's The Music is Timeless (1989), another of his Guitar series, sold for a hammer price of US$3,481,205.00 at McCarthy-Williams Auctions in London. This is currently the highest price attained for a painting by a living Latin American artist and the first to surpass US$3 million. It had been estimated to sell between $480,000 and $620,000.

On July 7, 2016, Josignacio's Rostro (1989), sold for a hammer price of US$2,329,200.00 at McCarthy-Williams Auctions, London and surpassed its estimate range of $600,000 to US$850,000.

Other art ventures

For commercial art commissions, Josignacio launched and trademarked his brand under the corporate name "Josignacio Art Studio."  Through this name, the artist has produced commissioned commercial, decorative art and ornamental art in addition to his fine art works.

These commercial works include original furniture, frames, and mirrors made in the mediums of wood, cork, reed, cane, wicker, horn, bone, shell, amber, mother-of-pearl, and meerschaum as well as plastics.[79] He has also been commissioned to design the cover illustration for books.[80]

His art corporation is filed and registered in the state of Florida. It was initially launched as Josignacio Art Studio, Inc. in 1994 and based in Coral Gables.[81]

In 2021, the firm was reorganized and relaunched as Josignacio Art Studio LLC. and is now based in Miami Beach.

Select exhibitions

Post-1990 exhibitions

Following his arrival in the United States and early inclusion in a 1990 AIDS charity auction at the InterContinental Hotel Miami, Josignacio participated in group exhibitions at the controversial[82] Cuban Museum of Arts and Culture as well as several Miami art galleries.

Writings and essays

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Josignacio . www.mutualart.com . 2023 MutualArt Services, Inc. . 20 March 2023.
  2. Book: Sanchez-Rius . Josignacio . Las Lágrimas del Cocodrilo . 2013 . Create Space Publishing . 9781481882958 . 20 April 2023 . Spanish.
  3. Web site: "The Prodigious Decade", una mirada a la generación de los 80 . Geysell Cisneros . Tribuna de la Habana . June 6, 2017 . June 6, 2017.
  4. Web site: "Paradojas del arte cubano de la generación disidente de los 80" In the writing of the history of Cuban art of the second half of the 20th century, the mention of an exhibition, mythical for its foundational role in the emergence of artistic contemporaneity, is unavoidable: Volume I . Adriana Herrera Téllez. Revista Sin Frontera . April 22, 2010 . October 28, 2018.
  5. Web site: "Historof Art in Cuba" The emancipation of the 80s . Conexión Cubana. Cuban Fine Art . May 22, 2016 . October 28, 2018.
  6. Web site: "La generación de los 80's en el Arte Cubano – El contexto" To understand how what is later called the Generation of the 80s is conceived in the history of Cuban art, one must take into account an institutional condition that is almost always forgotten in relation to Cuban culture . Janet Batet . Arte Mundo Latino . February 27, 2018 . October 28, 2018.
  7. Web site: "La generación descarriada de los 80" For these misguided artists of the generation of the 80 the situation is still promising. The very fact of its marginality and aesthetic diversity are precisely elements in favor of the search for new forms and contents . Alfredo Triff . Diario de Cuba . August 26, 2018 . October 28, 2018.
  8. Web site: "The Next Wave from Havana" They are known as the "Generation of the '80s", the artists who grew up in Cuba after the 1959 revolution. . Peter Plagens . Newsweek . November 29, 1992 . February 10, 2018.
  9. Web site: "Groups in the Cuban art of the eighties" If there is one characteristic that distinguishes art in the eighties, it was the tendency towards the formation of groups or artistic collectives . Niurma Pérez Serpa . Art Oncuba . March 1, 2016 . October 28, 2018.
  10. Web site: "Screaming Heads and Still Lifes: The Late-Career Art of Carlos Alfonzo" Carlos Alfonzo: Painting is the latest exhibition devoted to this Cuban-born artist, currently on view at Fredric Snitzer Gallery in Miami. Painting traces the final years of Alfonzo's life and art, in which his dialogue with death becomes the central theme . Janet Batet . Cuban Art News Farber Foundation . July 11, 2018 . October 28, 2018.
  11. Web site: Eduardo Ponjuán González | Portal de las Artes Visuales en Cuba . 2018-10-29 . 2018-10-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181029112317/http://www.cnap.cult.cu/premios/premio-nacional-de-artes-plasticas/eduardo-ponjuan-gonzalez . dead .
  12. Web site: "Productivism" Productivism is a chain of senses, a cascade of messages that open with double or triple click, triggering associations of all kinds . Antonio Eligio Fernández . The Miami Herald . August 9, 1995 . October 28, 2018.
  13. Web site: ISA, Universidad de las Artes . Isa.cult.cu . 2022-09-03.
  14. Web site: "Ciro Quintana: Cimarronaje Neobarroco" Going into the works of Ciro Quintana is like daring behind the scenes. We attended a complicated staging full of sarcasm of which the artist makes us participants and accomplices at the same time . Yanet Batet . El Nuevo Herald Newspaper . June 22, 2017 . October 28, 2018.
  15. Web site: Lot n° 67 JOSIGNACIO (Cuba, 1963). "Martí..." . www.gazette-drouot.com . © La Gazette Drouot 2023 . 20 March 2023.
  16. Web site: Josignacio´s chromatic whirlwind. December 2017.
  17. News: Permuy . Antonio . Visualizing Our Historic Roots . 20 March 2023 . Arts Coast Magazine . Creative Pinellas . 31 January 2023 . Digital.
  18. News: Delgado . Grethel . Josignacio expone su obra en Miami con una variada propuesta . 20 March 2023 . Diario Las Americas . Las Américas Multimedia Group LLC. . 1 December 2021 . Miami, Florida . Spanish . Digital.
  19. Web site: Highlights - Auction sales . www.mccarthywilliams.com . McCarthy-Williams Auctions . 24 March 2023 . London.
  20. Book: Pike . Helen-Chantal . Asbury Park: A Century of Change . 2021 . Arcadia Publishing . Charleston, South Carolina . 9781467105149.
  21. News: Almaguer de Armas . Yoel . Plastic Paint Medium: una revolución tecno-pictórica creada en Cuba . 20 March 2023 . Radio Rebelde . © Radio Rebelde . 7 December 2016 . Spanish . Digital.
  22. Web site: La educación patriótica - militar e internacionalista a través del programa de Español . Lic. Mayelín Rodríguez Aguiar and MS c. Ricardo Domingo Mendoza Díaz . Cuban Art News Farber Foundation . April 27, 2017 . October 28, 2018.
  23. Web site: La Bodeguita del Medio - 'Red Car in Cuba' . www.timvanbelleghem.com . © 2023 Tim Van Belleghem Art Antiques . 7 April 2023.
  24. Web site: AHS: Nosotros . www.ahs.cu . Asociación Hermanos Saíz . 20 March 2023.
  25. Web site: A history of the Havana Carnival from 1573 to today . www.lahabana.com . © 2018 lahabana.com . 20 March 2023.
  26. Web site: Josignacio . www.art.wrld.org . Artwrld.org . 20 March 2023.
  27. Web site: Art to Burn. Lissette Corsa . Miami New Times On the night of April 22, 1988, Miami art collector Ramon Cernuda presided over an auction at the now-defunct Cuban Museum of Art and Culture. José Juara, the buyer, walked outside and set the Manuel Mendive original ablaze in the presence of about 500 protesters, who accused the artist of being sympathetic to Fidel Castro's regime. . April 8, 1999 . January 6, 2018.
  28. Web site: Centro Cultural Los Talleres . www.lostalleres.com.mx . © Copyright 2023 Los Talleres . 21 March 2023.
  29. Web site: Belfer . Susan . In Living Color - Contempoary Cuban Artist Exhibits Masterpieces: Miami embraces Laura Brunetti Gallery's show with Josignacio . www.myemail.constantcontact.com . Laura Brunetti Gallery . 20 March 2023 . Miami, Florida . 21 March 2011.
  30. Web site: Exhibitions . The Internet Archive . https://web.archive.org/web/20180211030445/http://www.josignacio.com/shows.html . 20 March 2023. 2018-02-11 .
  31. News: Alvarez Bravo . Armando . Quinto Centenario . El Nuevo Herald . 1 April 1992 . 5D . Spanish.
  32. Web site: "Hortt Short in Quality" Juror Cites Show, Heavy On Abstract Paintings, For "Sheer Quantity" Of Entries. Judging by the 105 pieces on display at "The 38th Hortt Competition," juror William Agee must have been squinting in aesthetic desperation by the time he made the final cuts. The show, which continues through Oct. 13 at the Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale, is drawn from more than 1,500 entries by 98 artists from Broward, Palm Beach, Dade and Monroe counties. . Roger Hurlburt. Sun Sentinel newspaper . September 8, 1996 . February 11, 2018.
  33. News: Turner . Elisa . Hortt provides a sampler of the art of South Florida . The Miami Herald . 8 September 1996 . 1I–4I.
  34. News: Van Meter . Jonathan . Who's That Girl? . 20 March 2023 . New York Magazine . Vox Media, LLC. . 27 July 1998.
  35. News: Martinez . Liz . Into the Night . 22 March 2023 . New Miami Times . 15 May 1997.
  36. Web site: JOSIGNACIO . www.artprice.com . ArtMarket.com . 21 March 2023.
  37. News: Almaguer de Armas . Yoel . Josignacio y la boca abierta . 21 March 2023 . Radio Rebelde . 26 January 2017 . Spanish . Digital.
  38. News: Almaguer de Armas . Yoel . Dona Josignacio dípticos de José Martí . 21 March 2023 . Radio Rebelde . 28 December 2017 . Spanish . Digital.
  39. News: Almaguer de Armas . Yoel . Siete guitarras contra la homofobia y la transfobia . 21 March 2023 . Radio Rebelde . 1 June 2017 . Spanish . Digital.
  40. News: Permuy . Antonio . A Flourishing Vision: Historic exhibition at Creative Pinellas pays homage to the beauty of nature . 1 July 2024 . The Artisan Magazine . July/August 2024 . KEM Media Group . 1 July 2024.
  41. News: Delgado . Grethel . El pintor Josignacio expone su obra en la muestra "Flora & Fauna" . 1 July 2024 . Diario Las Americas . Las Américas Multimedia Group LLC . 9 May 2024.
  42. Web site: Explore Florida's natural beauty at Creative Pinellas' Flora & Fauna exhibit . www.fox13news.com . ©2020 FOX Television Stations . 1 July 2024.
  43. Web site: Plastic Paint Medium Technique . The Internet Archive . https://web.archive.org/web/20180211030440/http://www.josignacio.com/plastic-paint-medium.html . 21 March 2023. 2018-02-11 .
  44. Book: Guevara Lohmann . Evelyn . Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the Mafia & Drug Trader's Master . 2018 . 9783752806366 . 1st. BoD – Books on Demand .
  45. Web site: Perez . Claudia . The Impulse of Creating . www.cubartecontemporaneo.com . Avistamientos Gallery . 22 March 2023 . Havana, Cuba . 10 October 2015.
  46. Web site: AN EVENING OF ART WITH JOSIGNACIO + CHRISTOPHER RODDICK . www.miamidesigndistrict.net . ® The Miami Design District . 25 March 2023.
  47. Web site: "Solid Abstraction: Bringing Cuban Abstract Art into the 21st Century. Picking up a thread of art history from the 1940s and '50s" Solid Abstraction: Strategies of Disobedience in Cuban Art includes works by ten Cuban artists living on and away from the island. All of them work with abstraction as both a trope and a strategy in their art. . Yanet Batet. Cuban Art News Farber Foundation . May 30, 2018 . October 28, 2018.
  48. Web site: The silent shout. Voices in Cuban Abstract Art, 1950-2013 . Rafael Díaz Casas and Janet Batet . OnCuba magazine . December 8, 2013 . February 19, 2018.
  49. News: Concrete Cuba' Visits a Quieter Period of Latin American Modernism . Roberta Smith . The New York Times . January 14, 2016 . February 19, 2018.
  50. News: Shedding New Light on the Late Dutch Artist Karel Appel . Nina Siegal . The New York Times . February 4, 2016 . February 19, 2018.
  51. Web site: How Wassily Kandinsky's synaethesia changed art . Ossian Ward . The Telegraph . December 16, 2016 . February 19, 2018.
  52. Web site: MoMA | Willem de Kooning. Woman, I. 1950–52.
  53. Web site: Composition.
  54. Web site: Josignacio Artist Statement . The Internet Archive . https://web.archive.org/web/20180128200734/http://www.josignacio.com/artist-statement.html . 22 March 2023. 2018-01-28 .
  55. Web site: Permuy . Antonio . Artist seeks to link Miami and Tampa Bay Cuban art Scenes . www.v.calameo.com . Coral Gables News . 7 November 2023 . Coral Gables, Florida . 30 . 23 October 2023.
  56. Web site: Permuy . Antonio . Artist Seeks to Link Cuban Art Scenes . www.calameo.com . Biscayne Bay Tribune . 7 November 2023 . Miami, Florida . 30 . 23 October 2023.
  57. News: Monié . Karine . Movimiento CUBANO: Renombrados o emergentes, los artistas originarios de Cuba seducen cada vez más a los coleccionistas de todo el mundo . 21 March 2023 . Architectural Digest . © 2023 Condé Nast . 10 May 2017 . Spanish . Digital.
  58. News: Staff . Volume 92 . 25 March 2023 . ARTnews . Artnews Associates, 1993 . 1993 . 56.
  59. News: Kohen . Helen . Two events offer chance to buy art, fight AIDS . The Miami Herald . 4 April 1990 . 15G.
  60. News: Alvarez Bravo . Armando . La dualidad de la vida en la obra de Josignacio . El Nuevo Herald . 20 July 1996 . 5E . Spanish.
  61. Web site: El TOP 500 Artprice recoge más artistas iberoamericanos y mejores ingresos de subastas . www.arteinformado.com . © ARTEINFORMADO 2017 . 21 March 2023 . Spanish . 14 October 2015.
  62. News: Piñera . Toni . Las Oleadas de resina de Josignacio . Granma . 4 March 1987 . Havana, Cuba . Spanish.
  63. Book: Various . The Review of Inter-American Bibliography (Volume 48) . 1998 . Columbus Memorial Library, Inter-American Committee on Bibliography, Organization of American States. Department of Cultural Affairs, Organization of American States. Division of Philosophy and Letters, Pan American Union. Division of Philosophy and Letters, Pan American Union. Division of Philosophy, Letters and Sciences . 122–123.
  64. Book: Martinez . Alfredo . Josignacio: Genio del Oleo y la Resina. Tomo I . 2023 . Interactive Fine Art . Miami . 11 April 2023 . Spanish.
  65. Web site: Josignacio: "The Master Of Colors" Part 1 . www.youtube.com . Calico Productions . 25 March 2023.
  66. Web site: Los pintores cubanos: Dos siglos de pintura cubana . www.youtube.com . Latin American Art Consultants . 25 March 2023.
  67. Book: Martinez . Alfredo . El Resultado de mi Mirada, Tomo I . 2022 . Interactive Fine Art . Miami . 1 . Spanish.
  68. Book: De Armas . Armando . Jardines Invisibles: AGalban & Froilan Escobar . 2022 . Arte para Vivir, Inc. . Columbia, South Carolina . 9798835007547 . 10 . 1st.
  69. Web site: Artist File: Josignacio . www.mdpls.na.iiivega.com . Miami-Dade Public Library System . 11 October 2023 . Miami, Florida.
  70. Web site: The Vasari Project: A Compendium of Collections and Collecting in Miami . www.mdpls.org . Miami-Dade Public Library System . 11 October 2023 . Miami, Florida.
  71. Web site: Helen Kohen: A Life Well Lived . Anne Tschida . Biscayne Times . January 2016 . February 14, 2018.
  72. Web site: "Art Historian, former Herald critic Helen Kohen dies at 83" When Helen Kohen retired as the Miami Herald's art critic in 1995 after 17 years on the beat, she left a clear hint of life beyond the newsroom. Kohen was not about to leave the visual arts scene that she was so much a part of grooming in South Florida since moving to Miami Beach in the 1950s . Howard Cohen . Miami Herald newspaper . May 27, 2015 . February 14, 2018.
  73. Web site: After his return to the United States, he participated in a number of exhibitions in Miami and became known for his colorful, optimistic landscapes. His work is in the permanent collection of the Miami-Dade Public Libraries. (Cintas for art, 1979-80) . Cintas Foundation Staff . Cintas Foundation . 1979. February 14, 2018.
  74. Web site: Sale of painting at Dynasty Fine Arts Sept. 19 to aid Red Cross. 18 September 2017.
  75. Web site: "Tree of Life" The Caring Canvas Hosted Josignacio's Art Unveiling Ceremony and Dedication in Asbury Park, NJ . Susan Belfer . New Jersey Stage. November 11, 2011 . January 6, 2018.
  76. Web site: Miami Artist Josignacio's 'TREE OF LIFE' Stands Tall in Asbury Park, NJ . www.prlog.org . Belfer Communications . 23 March 2023 . Asbury Park, NJ . Digital . 12 November 2011.
  77. Web site: Top 10 Cuban works - Artmarketinsight . Artprice.com . 2022-09-03.
  78. Web site: Rostgard . Kenny . Is Cuba the new Mecca of the contemporary art market? . www.sites.google.com . Kenny Rostgard . 21 March 2023.
  79. Web site: Josignacio Art Studio, LLC . www.uspto.report . © 2023 USPTO.report . 21 March 2023.
  80. Book: Mola Fernandez . Claudia . Oduduwa Un Secreto de Ifa . 1999 . Editorial Oduduwa . 978-0-9672988-0-1 . 1.
  81. Web site: JOSIGNACIO ART STUDIO, INC. . www.sunbiz.org . Florida Department of State, Division of Corporations . 21 March 2023.
  82. News: How Controversial Art Killed a Museum; In a Case That Parallels 'Sensation,' Cultural Leaders Took On Miami . Mireya Navarro . The New York Times Newspaper . October 23, 1999 . February 14, 2018.
  83. Web site: Archived copy . 2016-08-12 . 2016-08-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160820120048/http://www.uh.cu/sites/default/files/Programa_Festival_de_la_Cultura_China.pdf . dead .
  84. Web site: 中华人民共和国外交部.
  85. Web site: "Fascinación por tules" In the exhibition De Douceur Á Intense, in the Lecuona room, a figurative portrait of the Prima ballerina assoluta, Alicia Alonso, is included. With the innovative technique of Plastic Paint Medium, Josignacio offers his personal vision that seemed to capture in plastic the spirit of dance in the nineteenth century" . E. Fernández . . October 28, 2016 . January 6, 2018.
  86. Web site: 2017-01-07 . Propuestas del Centro Histórico para esta semana . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170109080144/http://www.tribuna.cu/enterate/2017-01-07/propuestas-del-centro-historico-esta-semana . 2017-01-09.
  87. Web site: El Renacer del ave Fénix. . Canal Habana . Canal territorial fundado el 28 de enero de 2006 La Habana, Cuba . January 10, 2017 . January 6, 2018.
  88. Web site: Revista Opus Habana - "El renacer del ave fénix" .
  89. Web site: Juventud Rebelde - Diario de la juventud cubana .
  90. Web site: La exposición "El renacer del Ave Fénix" en La Habana . Spanish.xinhuanet.com . 2017-01-15 . 2022-09-03.
  91. Web site: NOTICIAS - Prensa Latina .
  92. Web site: Comienzan festejos por Nuevo Año Lunar Chino .
  93. Web site: "Y llegó La Bodeguita del Medio a su 75 Aniversario" After distinguishing the workers with more than 20 years in La B del M, the painter Josignacio donated to the establishment his work "Mojito", specially made for the occasion; and Professor Jorge Méndez, of the Mintur, highlighted the part that touches gastronomy in the heritage value that La Bodeguita has ... and advocated that in the future Cuban food can be counted on the list of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity. . Josefina Pichardo . TTC . April 28, 2017 . March 25, 2018.
  94. Web site: La Bodeguita del Medio: Festejos de Cubanía . Reno Massola . Trabajadores. Organo de la Central de Trabajadores de Cuba. . April 27, 2017. January 6, 2018.
  95. Web site: Siete guitarras contra la homofobia y la transfobia (+Fotos) .
  96. Web site:   "Delirium" The vestiges of the drawing serve as the primary idea for the unleashing of an ordered chaos of loose spots and brushstrokes. There are remnants of a figuration flagellated by the explosion of spots and the use of dripping. There are no attachments to the form, nor reminiscences to the perfecting stroke of the drawing. Freedom is the undeniable term to the creation of the artist and this finds the rationale in abstractionism. Convergence of extinct figuration and abstract flights, here is Josignacio . Eliset García Delofeu . On Cuba . June 26, 2017 . March 25, 2018.
  97. Web site: "Josignacio y la boca Abierta" The Tiger is a picture that is not displayed. The original will never be displayed. Josignacio painted it but it was a gift painting, made with special effort, perhaps with fear as well, with some curiosity and with the desire that this work was at the level of the person for whom it was created. . Yoel Almaguer de Armas . Radio Rebelde . January 26, 2017 . March 25, 2018.
  98. Web site: "Siete Guitarras contra la Homofobia y la transfobia" Seven Adagios for Sappho and Ganymede was an attempt to support the painter Josignacio for the Day against homophobia and transphobia: a visual gift interpreted from the musicality of guitars that are not exact with each other, but that inspire calm, calm and harmony. Yoel Almaguer de Armas . Radio Rebelde . June 1, 2017 . March 25, 2018.
  99. Web site: "El Martí de Josignacio" Martí seen by Josignacio is the title of the exhibition that occupies these days the gallery The Kingdom of this World of the National Library of Cuba José Martí, recently inaugurated, on the occasion of the anniversary of the founding of this institution and within the framework of the Conference for the National Culture. . José Ángel Téllez Villalón . UNEAC . November 15, 2017 . March 25, 2018.
  100. Web site: "Un Extraordinario Producto Artístico" Under the curatorship of Eliset García Deulofeu, Yoel Almaguer de Armas and Diana R. Crespo Tapia, the exhibition presents us representations of the Martí of the Spanish dancer, the one of the white rose, the one of the black doll, the visionary of the future . Nathalie Mesa Sánchez . Tribuna de la Habana . November 6, 2017 . March 25, 2018.
  101. Web site: "Martí visto por Josignacio" A Cuban artist linked to the neofiguration and abstractionism that this time proposes 28 works, fruit of his approach to the life and work of José Martí, billed with his novel technique of Plastic Paint Medium and his peculiar visual lyric . José Ángel Téllez Villalón . Ministerio de Cultura República de Cuba . November 15, 2017 . March 25, 2018.
  102. Web site: Cubarte - "Martí visto por Josignacio" / Por: J. Ángel Téllez . 2017-12-09 . 2017-12-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171209203952/http://www.cubarte.cult.cu/es/article/50143 . dead .
  103. Web site: Visions of Martí. Each generation has left, in the Martian images, their own mythologies, showing us, at the same time, the historical significance at that time assigned to the national heroes . Toni Piñera . Granma Newspaper . November 21, 2017 . November 23, 2017 .
  104. Web site: Martí seen by Josignacio in the soul of art that enhances and exalts. Martí visto por Josignacio en el alma del arte que acrisola y enaltece . MSc. Nora Rodríguez Calzadilla . Radio Enciclopedia . December 8, 2017 . December 31, 2017.
  105. Web site: "La Identidad de un creador""The Identity of a Creator" On Sunday, November 5, the Tribune of Havana published an article about one of the most profound exhibitions that have taken place in Havana in recent months. The title of the same: Martí seen by Josignacio, comes from the interpretation and representation that this artist has made to the life and work of Our Apostle. . Nathalie Mesa Sánchez . . January 2, 2018 . January 4, 2018.
  106. Web site: "El Martiano Josignacio" Conocí a José Ignacio Sánchez Rius (La Habana, 1963), o simplemente Josignacio, a través de sus pinturas. Fue uno de esos sábados que me "voy de cuadros", en que tuve la dicha de toparme con su exposición Martí visto por Josignacio, en la galería El Reino de este Mundo de la Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba. . José Ángel Téllez Villalón . Cubarte . January 27, 2018 . March 27, 2018.
  107. Web site: "Martí vs Dos Ríos" Magazine founded in Havana City in 1909. With more than a century of being established, this iconic publication has always selected for its covers meaningful images of the most prestigious artists as well as significant events. On this occasion, the directive of the publication No 1 2018, has selected an artwork to illustrate cover and back cover a painting of contemporary Cuban artist Josignacio. . Revista de la Biblioteca Nacional José Martí de Cuba . Cubarte . September 18, 2018 . September 12, 2018.
  108. Web site: Leonel López-Nussa Exhibition: a confident mosaic about the life of a creator . CMBQ Radio Enciclopedia.
  109. Web site: Freddy Moros: 55 años de periodismo televisivo .
  110. Web site: Cuba News / Noticias - CubaNet News.

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