Joshua 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Book of Joshua in the Hebrew Bible or in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to the Joshua, with additions by the high priests Eleazar and Phinehas,[1] [2] but modern scholars view it as part of the Deuteronomistic History, which spans the books of Deuteronomy to 2 Kings, attributed to nationalistic and devotedly Yahwistic writers during the time of the reformer Judean king Josiah in 7th century BCE.[2] This chapter records the preparation for the allotment of land and the inheritance for Caleb, a part of a section comprising Joshua 13:1–21:45 about the Israelites allotting the land of Canaan.
This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 15 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).
Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B;
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The narrative of Israelites allotting the land of Canaan comprising verses 13:1 to 21:45 of the Book of Joshua and has the following outline:
A. Preparations for Distributing the Land (13:1-14:15)
1. Joshua Directed to Distribute the West Jordan Inheritance (13:1-7)
2. The East Jordan Inheritance (13:8-33)
a. The East Jordan (13:8-14)
b. Reuben (13:15-23)
c. Gad (13:24-28)
d. East Manasseh (13:29-31)
e. Summary (13:32-33)
3. Summary of the West Jordan Inheritance (14:1-5)
4. Caleb's Inheritance (14:6-15)
B. The Allotment for Judah (15:1-63)
C. The Allotment for Joseph (16:1-17:18)
D. Land Distribution at Shiloh (18:1-19:51)
E. Levitical Distribution and Conclusion (20:1-21:45)
The allocation of the land in Cisjordan (west of the Jordan River) was done by Joshua together with Eleazar the priest and tribal chiefs (verses 1) as a direct continuation of Numbers 26, which records the census taken under the leadership of Moses and Eleazar precisely for this distribution (Numbers 26:1–4, 52–56; cf Numbers 32:28). The sacred lot was used as commanded in Numbers 26:55. The explanation for the exclusion of the Levites from land inheritance, and the dividing of the tribe of Joseph (as tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh), are additional to the information in Numbers 26.
And these are the countries which the children of Israel inherited in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel, distributed for inheritance to them.[3]
| Tribe | Leader | |
|---|---|---|
| Judah | Caleb the son of Jephunneh | |
| Simeon | Shemuel the son of Ammihud | |
| Benjamin | Elidad the son of Chislon | |
| Dan | Bukki the son of Jogli | |
| Joseph - Manasseh | Hanniel the son of Ephod | |
| Joseph - Ephraim | Kemuel the son of Shiphtan | |
| Zebulun | Elizaphan the son of Parnach | |
| Issachar | Paltiel the son of Azzan | |
| Asher | Ahihud the son of Shelomi | |
| Naphtali | Pedahel the son of Ammihud |
Before the allotment for the tribe of Judah, a special grant of land is given to Caleb, who (with Joshua) had dissented from the bad report of first spies (Numbers 13:30–33; cf. Numbers 32:12), and thus for his faithfulness was promised a possession of his own (Numbers 14:24; Deuteronomy 1:36). The land Caleb requested was in the area of Hebron (verse 12), within the territory soon to be allotted to Caleb's tribe of Judah. In his speech of the request Caleb emphasized his vigor into old age (cf Moses; Deuteronomy 34:7), as also a part of the promise to him (Numbers 26:65), because of his trust in YHWH, that he was not afraid of the Anakim, the gigantic people who scared Israel at first (verse 12; cf. Numbers 13:22, 28, 32–33).
And now, behold, the LORD has kept me alive, just as he said, these forty-five years since the time that the LORD spoke this word to Moses, while Israel walked in the wilderness. And now, behold, I am this day eighty-five years old.[5] A time calculation is embedded in this verse: Caleb the son of Jephunneh was 40 years old when he received the promise (after coming back as one of the 12 spies; verse 7), and 45 years have passed since then, so he is 85 years old at this time. According to Sebachim 118b, the promise in Kadesh-barnea was given 2 years after the Exodus from Egypt, so within 40 years of wandering, 38 years have passed until the crossing into Canaan (Deuteronomy 2:14). Therefore, now (45 years after the promise) seven years have passed which comprise the period of the conquest of Canaan.
And Joshua blessed him, and gave unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh Hebron for an inheritance.[6]