Joseph I Adam Prince of Schwarzenberg (15 December 1722, Vienna – 17 February 1782, Vienna), 4th Prince of Schwarzenberg, was a German-Bohemian nobleman.
Joseph I was born as the son of Adam Franz Karl, 3rd Prince of Schwarzenberg and Eleonore von Schwarzenberg (1682–1741).
When he was 10, his father was killed in a hunting accident and he nominally succeeded his father and became the 4th Prince of Schwarzenberg and a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece. He was K.u.K. Chamberlain, Geheimrat, Obersthofmeister of Empress Maria Theresa and, finally, Staats- und Konferenzminister.
Joseph I of Schwarzenberg married on 22 August 1741 in Mariaschein near Teplice, Maria Theresia von und zu Liechtenstein (28 December 1721 - 19 January 1753), the daughter of Joseph Johann Adam, Prince of Liechtenstein and Maria Anna von Oettingen-Spielberg. Soon afterwards he and his wife built the church in Postelberg, out of gratitude for the birth of an heir. In 1767 Joseph I bought the Neuschloss estate.
On 5 December 1746 for Bohemia and on 8 December 1746 for the Holy Roman Empire, Joseph I of Schwarzenberg received the prince's diploma, extended to the effect that all marital male and female descendants were allowed to use the title “prince” or “princess” and was thus raised to the rank of imperial prince and the status of a Bohemian prince.
Joseph of Schwarzenberg fathered four sons and five daughters: