| Joseph Ferdinand Maria of Salern | |
| Noble Family: | House of Wittelsbach |
| Father: | Ferdinand Maria Innocenz of Bavaria |
| Mother: | Countess Marie Adelheid Fortunata of Spaur |
| Spouse: | Marie Mechthildis of Törring-Seefeld Josepha of La Rosee |
| Issue: | Maximilian Maria Josepha Adelaide |
| Birth Date: | 1718 |
| Birth Place: | Berg bei Kling, Upper Bavaria |
| Death Place: | Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria |
Count Ferdinand Joseph Maria of Salern (1718 – 7 December 1805) was an illegitimate son of Prince Ferdinand Maria Innocenz of Bavaria (1699-1738) and Countess Marie Adelheid Fortunata of Spaur. He was thus a nephew of Emperor Charles VII and his brothers Clemens Augustus, elector and archbishop of Cologne, and Cardinal Johann Theodore, bishop of Freising, Regensburg and Liège.
Salern owned the Lordship of Geltolfing near Straubing. During the Napoleonic Wars, he served as a general of the artillery. From 1804, he had his own infantry regiment "Count Salern", which had been formed from the Royal Bavarian Infantry Regiment No. 4 "King William of Württemberg".
As the General Intendant for music at the Bavarian court, he was a patron of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In 1779, he was elected as a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. In the painting at the top of this article, he is represented as a trusted friend of his cousin Maximilian III Joseph, in the "woodturning" cabinet at Nymphenburg Palace.
Salern was married twice. His first marriage was to Countess Marie Mechthildis of Törring-Seefeld (1734–1764). He had a son with her, Maximilian of Salern. With his death, the Salern line died out.
His second wife was Countess Josepha of La Rosee (died 1772). With her, he had two daughters, Maria Josepha and Adelaide.