Joe Biden Explained

Order:	46th
Office:	President of the United States
Vicepresident:	Kamala Harris
Term Start:	January 20, 2021
Term End:	January 20, 2025
Predecessor:	Donald Trump
Successor:	Donald Trump
Order2:	47th
Office2:	Vice President of the United States
President2:	Barack Obama
Term Start2:	January 20, 2009
Term End2:	January 20, 2017
Predecessor2:	Dick Cheney
Successor2:	Mike Pence
Jr/Sr3:	United States Senator
State3:	Delaware
Term Start3:	January 3, 1973
Term End3:	January 15, 2009
Predecessor3:	J. Caleb Boggs
Successor3:	Ted Kaufman
Birth Name:	Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.
Birth Date:	20 November 1942
Birth Place:	Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Party:	Democratic (since 1969)
Otherparty:	Independent (1968–1969)
Children:	Beau Hunter Naomi Ashley
Relatives:	Biden family
Occupation:	Politician lawyer author
Education:	University of Delaware (BA) Syracuse University (JD)
Awards:	Full list
Signature:	Joe Biden Presidential Signature.svg
Signature Alt:	Cursive signature in ink

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who was the 46th president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under President Barack Obama, and represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009.

Born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He graduated from the University of Delaware in 1965 and the Syracuse University College of Law in 1968. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and the U.S. Senate in 1972. As a senator, Biden drafted and led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act. He also oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Biden ran unsuccessfully for the 1988 and 2008 Democratic presidential nominations. In 2008, Obama chose Biden as his running mate, and he was a close counselor to Obama during his two terms as vice president. In the 2020 presidential election, the Democratic Party nominated Biden for president. He selected Kamala Harris as his running mate, and they defeated Republican incumbents Donald Trump and Mike Pence. He became the first president to serve with a female vice president.

As president, Biden signed the American Rescue Plan Act in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession. He signed bipartisan bills on infrastructure and manufacturing. He proposed the Build Back Better Act, which failed in Congress, but aspects of which were incorporated into the Inflation Reduction Act that he signed into law in 2022. Beginning in March 2021, Biden confronted elevated inflation rates, which peaked at 9.1% in June 2022 and declined to 2.9% by the end of his term. Biden appointed Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court. He worked with congressional Republicans to resolve the 2023 debt-ceiling crisis by negotiating a deal to raise the debt ceiling. Biden responded to record levels of illegal border crossings with extensive use of humanitarian parole and deportations. In his foreign policy, the U.S. reentered the Paris Agreement. Biden oversaw the complete withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan that ended the war in Afghanistan, leading to the collapse of the Afghan government and the Taliban seizing control. He responded to the Russian invasion of Ukraine by imposing sanctions on Russia and authorizing civilian and military aid to Ukraine. During the Israel–Hamas war, Biden condemned the actions of Hamas as terrorism, strongly supported Israel's military efforts, and sent limited humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip. A ceasefire proposal he backed was adopted shortly before he left office.

Concerns about Biden's age and health persisted throughout his term. He initially ran for reelection and, after the Democratic primaries, became the party's presumptive nominee in the 2024 presidential election. After his performance in the first presidential debate, renewed scrutiny from across the political spectrum about his cognitive ability led him to withdraw his candidacy. Gallup found that Biden had an average approval rating of 42.2% throughout his presidency. He was replaced as the nominee by Vice President Harris, who lost to Trump in the general election. During his term, historians and political scientists ranked Biden in the second quartile of U.S. presidents, diverging from public assessments of his tenure.

Early life (1942–1965)

See main article: Early life and career of Joe Biden.

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. was born on November 20, 1942, at St. Mary's Hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania, to Catherine Eugenia "Jean" Biden and Joseph Robinette Biden Sr.^[1] ^[2] He was the oldest child in a Catholic family of mostly Irish descent. He has a sister, Valerie, and two brothers, Francis and James.

Biden's father had been wealthy, and the family purchased a home in the affluent Long Island suburb of Garden City in 1946,^[3] but he suffered business setbacks around the time Biden was seven years old,^[4] ^[5] and for several years the family lived with Biden's maternal grandparents in Scranton.^[6] Scranton fell into economic decline during the 1950s and Biden's father could not find steady work.^[7] Beginning in 1953 when Biden was ten,^[8] the family lived in an apartment in Claymont, Delaware, before moving to a house in nearby Mayfield, Delaware.^[9] ^[10] Biden Sr. later became a successful used-car salesman, maintaining the family in a middle-class lifestyle.^[11]

At Archmere Academy in Claymont, Biden played baseball and was a standout halfback and wide receiver on the high school football team.^[12] Though a poor student, he was class president in his junior and senior years. He graduated in 1961. At the University of Delaware in Newark, Biden briefly played freshman football,^[13] ^[14] and, as an unexceptional student, received a Bachelor of Arts degree with a double major in history and political science in 1965.

Biden had a stutter and has mitigated it since his early twenties.^[15]

Marriages, law school, and early career (1966–1973)

See main article: Early career of Joe Biden.

1972 U.S. Senate campaign in Delaware

See main article: 1972 United States Senate election in Delaware.

Biden defeated Republican incumbent J. Caleb Boggs to become the junior U.S. senator from Delaware in 1972. He was the only Democrat willing to challenge Boggs and, with minimal campaign funds, he was thought to have no chance of winning. Family members managed and staffed the campaign, which relied on meeting voters face-to-face and hand-distributing position papers,^[28] an approach made feasible by Delaware's small size. He received help from the AFL-CIO and Democratic pollster Patrick Caddell. His platform focused on the environment, withdrawal from Vietnam, civil rights, mass transit, equitable taxation, health care and public dissatisfaction with "politics as usual". A few months before the election, Biden trailed Boggs by almost thirty percentage points, but his energy, attractive young family, and ability to connect with voters' emotions worked to his advantage, and he won with 50.5% of the vote.

Death of wife and daughter

A few weeks after Biden was elected senator, his wife Neilia and one-year-old daughter Naomi were killed in an automobile accident in Hockessin, Delaware, on December 18, 1972.^[29] Their sons Beau (aged 3) and Hunter (aged 2) were in the car and were taken to hospital with non-life-threatening injuries. Biden considered resigning to care for them, but Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield persuaded him not to.^[30] Biden contemplated suicide and was filled with anger and religious doubt.^[31] ^[32] He wrote that he "felt God had played a horrible trick" on him^[33] and had trouble focusing on work.^[34] ^[35]

Second marriage

Biden met teacher Jill Tracy Jacobs in 1975 on a blind date.^[36] They married at the United Nations chapel in New York on June 17, 1977,^[37] ^[38] and spent their honeymoon at Lake Balaton in the Hungarian People's Republic.^[39] ^[40] Biden credits her with the renewal of his interest in politics and life.^[41]

In 1981, the couple had a daughter, Ashley Biden. She is a social worker.^[42] Jill helped raise her stepsons, Hunter and Beau, who were seven and eight respectively at the time of her marriage. Hunter has worked as a Washington lobbyist and investment adviser; his business dealings, personal life, and legal troubles have come under significant scrutiny during his father's presidency. In December 2024, Biden pardoned Hunter following his conviction on gun and tax charges despite repeated promises that he would not do so.^[43] ^[44] ^[45] ^[46] Beau became an Army judge-advocate in Iraq and later Delaware attorney general;^[47] he died of brain cancer in 2015.^[48] ^[49]

Teaching

From 1991 to 2008, as an adjunct professor, Biden co-taught a seminar on constitutional law at Widener University School of Law.^[50] ^[51]

U.S. Senate (1973–2009)

Senate activities

Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1972, Biden was reelected in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, regularly receiving about 60% of the vote. Aged 30 when first elected, he was the seventh-youngest senator in U.S. history.^[52] He was junior senator to William Roth until Roth was defeated in 2000.^[53], he was the 19th-longest-serving senator in U.S. history.^[54]

During his early years in the Senate, Biden focused on consumer protection and environmental issues and called for greater government accountability.^[55] In a 1974 interview, he described himself as liberal on civil rights and liberties, senior citizens' concerns and healthcare, but conservative on other issues, including abortion and military conscription.^[56] Biden was the first U.S. senator to endorse Jimmy Carter for president in the 1976 Democratic primary.^[57] Carter won the Democratic nomination and the 1976 election. Biden also worked on arms control.^[58] After Congress failed to ratify the SALT II Treaty signed in 1979 by Soviet general secretary Leonid Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter, Biden met with Soviet foreign minister Andrei Gromyko and secured changes that addressed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's objections.^[59] He received considerable attention when he excoriated Secretary of State George Shultz at a Senate hearing for the Reagan administration's support of South Africa despite its policy of apartheid. In a congressional hearing in 1984, he objected to the Strategic Defense Initiative plan to construct autonomous systems of ICBM defense.^[60] ^[61]

In the mid-1970s, Biden was one of the Senate's strongest opponents of race-integration busing. His Delaware constituents strongly opposed it, and such opposition nationwide later led his party to mostly abandon school integration policies.^[62] In his first Senate campaign, Biden had expressed support for busing to remedy de jure segregation, as in the South, but opposed its use to remedy de facto segregation arising from racial patterns of neighborhood residency, as in Delaware; he opposed a proposed constitutional amendment banning busing entirely. Biden supported a 1976 measure forbidding the use of federal funds for transporting students beyond the school closest to them. He co-sponsored a 1977 amendment closing loopholes in that measure, which President Carter signed into law in 1978.^[63]

Biden became ranking minority member of the Senate Judiciary Committee in 1981. He was a Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act in 1984. His supporters praised him for modifying some of the law's worst provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment to that time.^[64] In 1994, Biden helped pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which included a ban on assault weapons,^[65] ^[66] and the Violence Against Women Act,^[67] which he has called his most significant legislation.^[68] The 1994 crime law was unpopular among progressives and criticized for resulting in mass incarceration;^[69] ^[70] in 2019, Biden called his role in passing the bill a "big mistake", saying it "trapped an entire generation".^[71]

Biden voted for a 1993 provision that deemed homosexuality incompatible with military life, thereby banning gay people from serving in the armed forces.^[72] ^[73] In 1996, he voted for the Defense of Marriage Act, which prohibited the federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages, thereby barring people in such marriages from equal protection under federal law and allowing states to do the same.^[74] In 2015, the act was ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges.^[75]

Biden was critical of Independent Counsel Ken Starr during the 1990s Whitewater controversy and Lewinsky scandal investigations, saying "it's going to be a cold day in hell" before another independent counsel would be granted similar powers.^[76] He voted to acquit during the impeachment of Bill Clinton.^[77] During the 2000s, Biden sponsored bankruptcy legislation sought by credit card issuers. Bill Clinton vetoed the bill in 2000, but it passed in 2005 as the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act, with Biden being one of only 18 Democrats to vote for it, while leading Democrats and consumer rights organizations opposed it.^[78] As a senator, Biden strongly supported increased Amtrak funding and rail security.^[79]

Brain surgeries

In February 1988, after several episodes of severe neck pain, Biden underwent surgery to correct a leaking intracranial berry aneurysm.^[80] ^[81] While recuperating, he suffered a pulmonary embolism. A second aneurysm was surgically repaired in May.^[82] His recuperation kept him away from the Senate for seven months.^[83]

Senate Judiciary Committee

Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. He chaired it from 1987 to 1995 and was a ranking minority member from 1981 to 1987 and again from 1995 to 1997.^[84]

As chair, Biden presided over two highly contentious U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings. When Robert Bork was nominated in 1988, Biden reversed his approvalgiven in an interview the previous yearof a hypothetical Bork nomination. Conservatives were angered, but at the hearings' close Biden was praised for his fairness, humor, and courage.^[85] Rejecting the arguments of some Bork opponents, Biden framed his objections to Bork in terms of the conflict between Bork's strong originalism and the view that the U.S. Constitution provides rights to liberty and privacy beyond those explicitly enumerated in its text. Bork's nomination was rejected in the committee by a 5–9 vote and then in the full Senate, 42–58.^[86]

During Clarence Thomas's nomination hearings in 1991, Biden's questions on constitutional issues were often convoluted to the point that Thomas sometimes lost track of them, and Thomas later wrote that Biden's questions were akin to "beanballs".^[87] After the committee hearing closed, the public learned that Anita Hill had accused Thomas of making unwelcome sexual comments when they had worked together.^[88] ^[89] Biden had known of some of these charges, but initially shared them only with the committee because Hill was then unwilling to testify. The committee hearing was reopened and Hill testified, but Biden did not permit testimony from other witnesses, such as a woman who had made similar charges and experts on harassment.^[90] The full Senate confirmed Thomas by a 52–48 vote, with Biden opposed. Liberal legal advocates and women's groups felt strongly that Biden had mishandled the hearings and not done enough to support Hill. In 2019, he told Hill he regretted his treatment of her, but Hill said afterward she remained unsatisfied.^[91]

Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Biden was a longtime member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He became its ranking minority member in 1997 and chaired it from June 2001 to 2003 and 2007 to 2009. His positions were generally liberal internationalist.^[92] He collaborated effectively with Republicans and sometimes went against elements of his own party. During this time he met with at least 150 leaders from 60 countries and international organizations, becoming a well-known Democratic voice on foreign policy.^[93]

Biden voted against authorization for the Gulf War in 1991.^[94] He became interested in the Yugoslav Wars after hearing about Serbian abuses during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991. Once the Bosnian War broke out, Biden was among the first to call for the "lift and strike" policy. The George H. W. Bush administration and Clinton administration were both reluctant to implement the policy, fearing Balkan entanglement. In April 1993, Biden had a tense three-hour meeting with Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević.^[95] Biden worked on several versions of legislative language urging the U.S. toward greater involvement. He has called his role in affecting Balkan policy in the mid-1990s his "proudest moment in public life" related to foreign policy. In 1999, during the Kosovo War, Biden supported the 1999 NATO bombing of FR Yugoslavia. He and Senator John McCain co-sponsored the McCain-Biden Kosovo Resolution, which called on Clinton to use all necessary force, including ground troops, to confront Milošević over Yugoslav actions toward Kosovo Albanians.^[96]

Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq

See main article: War on terror.

Biden was a strong supporter of the War in Afghanistan, saying, "Whatever it takes, we should do it."^[97] As head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he said in 2002 that Iraqi president Saddam Hussein was a threat to national security and there was no other option than to "eliminate" that threat.^[98] In October 2002, he voted in favor of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, approving the U.S. invasion of Iraq. As chair of the committee, he assembled witnesses to testify in favor of the authorization. They gave testimony grossly misrepresenting the intent, history, and status of Saddam and his government, and touted Iraq's fictional possession of weapons of mass destruction. Biden eventually became a critic of the war and called his role a "mistake", but did not push for withdrawal. He supported the appropriations for the occupation, but argued that the war should be internationalized, that more soldiers were needed, and that the Bush administration should "level with the American people" about its cost and length.^[99]

By late 2006, Biden's stance had shifted considerably. He opposed the troop surge of 2007, saying General David Petraeus was "dead, flat wrong" in believing the surge could work. Biden instead advocated dividing Iraq into a loose federation of three ethnic states.^[100] In September 2007, a non-binding resolution endorsing the plan passed the Senate,^[101] but the idea failed to gain traction.

1988 and 2008 presidential campaigns

1988 campaign

See main article: Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign.

Biden declared his candidacy for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination on June 9, 1987.^[102] He was considered a strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability, his high profile as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination hearings, and his appeal to Baby Boomers.^[103] He raised more in the first quarter of 1987 than any other candidate.

By August, Biden's campaign messaging had become confused due to staff rivalries, and in September, he was accused of plagiarizing a speech by British Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock.^[104] Biden had credited Kinnock on previous occasions,^[105] but did not on two occasions in August.^[106] ^[107] Earlier that year, Biden had also used passages from a speech by Robert F. Kennedy (for which his aides took blame) and John F. Kennedy's inaugural address; two years earlier he had used a 1976 passage by Hubert Humphrey.^[108] Biden responded that politicians often borrow from one another without giving credit, and that one of his rivals for the nomination, Jesse Jackson, had called him to point out that he (Jackson) had used the same material by Humphrey that Biden had used.^[109] A few days later, it was publicized that, while in law school, Biden had taken text from a Fordham Law Review article with inadequate citations. At Biden's request the Delaware Supreme Court's Board of Professional Responsibility reviewed the incident and concluded that he had violated no rules.^[110]

Biden has made several false or exaggerated claims about his early life: that he had earned three degrees in college, that he attended law school on a full scholarship, that he had graduated in the top half of his class,^[111] ^[112] and that he had marched in the civil rights movement.^[113] The limited amount of other news about the presidential race amplified these disclosures^[114] and on September 23, 1987, Biden withdrew his candidacy.^[115]

2008 campaign

See main article: Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign.

After exploring running in several previous cycles, in January 2007, Biden declared his candidacy in the 2008 elections.^[116] ^[117] Biden focused on the Iraq War, his record as chairman of major Senate committees, and his foreign-policy experience.^[118] Biden was noted for his one-liners during the campaign; in one debate he said of Republican candidate Rudy Giuliani, "There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and 9/11."^[119]

Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Hillary Clinton.^[120] He never rose above single digits in national polls of the Democratic candidates. In the first contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the Iowa caucuses, garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates.^[121] He withdrew from the race that evening.^[122]

Despite its lack of success, Biden's 2008 campaign raised his stature in the political world.^[123] In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama. Although they had served together on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, they had not been close: Biden resented Obama's quick rise to political stardom, while Obama viewed Biden as garrulous and patronizing. Having gotten to know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden's campaign style and appeal to working-class voters, and Biden said he became convinced Obama was "the real deal".

2008 and 2012 vice presidential campaigns

2008 campaign

See main article: Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign and 2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection.

In August 2008, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility of a place for Biden in the Obama administration,^[124] and developed a strong personal rapport. On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that Biden would be his running mate.^[125] The New York Times reported that the choice reflected a desire for someone with foreign policy and national security experience.^[126] Others pointed out Biden's appeal to middle-class and blue-collar voters. Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver.^[127]

Biden's vice-presidential campaigning gained little media attention, as the press devoted far more coverage to the Republican nominee, Alaska governor Sarah Palin.^[128] ^[129] Under instructions from the campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid offhand remarks.^[130] ^[131] Privately, Biden's remarks frustrated Obama. "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?", he asked. Obama campaign staffers called Biden's blunders "Joe bombs" and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which irked Biden. Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership.

As the 2007–2008 financial crisis reached a peak in September 2008, and the proposed Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted for the $700 billion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which passed in the Senate.^[132] On October 2, he participated in the vice-presidential debate with Palin at Washington University in St. Louis. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had won the debate overall. On November 4, Obama and Biden were elected.^[133] ^[134] ^[135]

As Biden was running for vice president, he was also running for reelection to the Senate,^[136] as permitted by Delaware law.^[137] He was reelected to the Senate.^[138] Having won both races, Biden made a point of not resigning from the Senate before he was sworn in for his seventh term in January 2009.^[139] He resigned from the Senate on January 15.^[140] ^[141]

2012 campaign

See main article: Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign.

In October 2010, Biden said Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for the 2012 presidential election, but with Obama's popularity on the decline, White House Chief of Staff William M. Daley conducted some secret polling and focus group research in late 2011 on the idea of replacing Biden with Hillary Clinton. The notion was dropped when the results showed no appreciable improvement,^[142] and White House officials later said Obama himself never entertained the idea.^[143]

Biden's May 2012 statement that he was "absolutely comfortable" with same-sex marriage gained considerable public attention in comparison to Obama's position, which had been described as "evolving".^[144] Biden made his statement without administration consent, and Obama and his aides were irked, since Obama had planned to shift position in the build-up to the party convention.^[145] ^[146] Gay rights advocates seized upon Biden's statement, and within days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part forced by Biden's remarks.^[147]

Biden had a heavy schedule of appearances in swing states as the reelection campaign began in earnest in spring 2012.^[148] ^[149] An August 2012 remark before a mixed-race audience that Republican proposals to relax Wall Street regulations would "put y'all back in chains" again drew attention to Biden's propensity for colorful remarks.^[150] ^[151]

Following the first presidential debate of the general election, in which President Obama's performance was considered surprisingly lackluster,^[152] his lead over Romney collapsed,^[153] putting pressure on Biden to stop the bleeding with a strong showing against the Republican vice-presidential nominee, Paul Ryan.^[154] ^[155] Some political analysts considered Biden's performance in the October 11 vice-presidential debate one of the best of his career^[156] ^[157] and a key factor in Obama's rebound in the polls and eventual victory.^[158] ^[159] The debate also became memorable for the popularization of Biden's use of the phrase "a bunch of malarkey" in response to an attack by Ryan on the administration's response to the September 11, 2012, attacks on the U.S. embassy in Benghazi.^[160] ^[161] Biden reused the phrase during his 2020 presidential campaign.^[162] On November 6, Obama and Biden were reelected.^[163]

Vice presidency (2009–2017)

First term (2009–2013)

See also: First inauguration of Barack Obama. Biden said he intended to eliminate some explicit roles assumed by George W. Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, and did not intend to emulate any previous vice presidency.^[164] He was sworn in on January 20, 2009. He was the first vice president from Delaware and the first Roman Catholic vice president.

Biden visited Kosovo in May and affirmed the U.S. position that its "independence is irreversible".^[165] Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton about sending 21,000 new troops to Afghanistan, but his skepticism was valued, and in 2009, Biden's views gained more influence as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy. Biden visited Iraq about every two months, becoming the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress there. More generally, overseeing Iraq policy became Biden's responsibility. By 2012, Biden had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit of U.S. troops in 2011.

Biden oversaw infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package intended to help counteract the ongoing recession. When he completed that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent.

Biden's off-message response to a question in April 2009, during the beginning of the swine flu outbreak, led to a swift retraction by the White House. The remark revived Biden's reputation for gaffes. Confronted with rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad the economy was", but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up. A hot mic picked up Biden telling Obama that his signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was "a big fucking deal" on March 23, 2010. Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed a friendship, partly based around Obama's daughter Sasha and Biden's granddaughter Maisy, who attended Sidwell Friends School together.

Members of the Obama administration said Biden's role in the White House was to be a contrarian and force others to defend their positions. Rahm Emanuel, White House chief of staff, said that Biden helped counter groupthink. The Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their official residence in Washington, often entertaining their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware.

Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the 2010 midterm elections, maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party. Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of Emanuel, Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important. He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the New START treaty. In December 2010, Biden's advocacy for a middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax package that included a temporary extension of the Bush tax cuts. The package passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.

Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations with Congress in March 2011 to resolve federal spending levels and avoid a government shutdown. The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next few months, but Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved key in bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of 2011. Some reports suggest that Biden opposed proceeding with the May 2011 U.S. mission to kill Osama bin Laden,^[166] lest failure adversely affect Obama's reelection prospects.^[167] ^[168]

Obama named Biden to head the Gun Violence Task Force, created to address the causes of school shootings and consider possible gun control measures in the aftermath of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, in December 2012. Later that month, during the final days before the United States fell off the "fiscal cliff", Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 being passed at the start of 2013.^[169]

Second term (2013–2017)

See also: Second inauguration of Barack Obama. Biden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony at Number One Observatory Circle, his official residence, with Justice Sonia Sotomayor presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21).^[170] He played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, which resolved the federal government shutdown of 2013 and the debt-ceiling crisis of 2013. This was because Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and other Democratic leaders cut him out of direct talks with Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations.^[171] ^[172] ^[173]

Biden's Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to related developments, such as the White House Council on Women and Girls, begun in the first term, as well as the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault, begun in January 2014 with Biden and Valerie Jarrett as co-chairs.^[174] ^[175] He talked about sexual violence while introducing Lady Gaga at the 88th Academy Awards in 2016, receiving a standing ovation from the audience.^[176]

Biden favored arming Syria's rebel fighters.^[177] As the ISIL insurgency in Iraq intensified in 2014, renewed attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some observers suggesting Biden had been right all along.^[178] ^[179] Biden himself said the U.S. would follow ISIL "to the gates of hell".^[180] He had close relationships with several Latin American leaders and was assigned a focus on the region during the administration. He visited the region 16 times during his vice presidency, the most of any president or vice president.^[181] In August 2016, Biden visited Serbia, where he met with the Serbian Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić and expressed condolences for civilian victims of the bombing campaign during the Kosovo War.^[182] Biden never cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate, making him the longest-serving vice president with this distinction.^[183]

Role in the 2016 presidential campaign

During his second term, Biden was often said to be preparing for a bid for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. With his family, many friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the race, and with Hillary Clinton's favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was reported to again be seriously considering the prospect and a "Draft Biden 2016" PAC was established.^[184] ^[185] ^[186]

By late 2015, Biden was still uncertain about running. He felt his son Beau's recent death had largely drained his emotional energy, and said, "nobody has a right ... to seek that office unless they're willing to give it 110% of who they are." On October 21, speaking from a podium in the Rose Garden with his wife and Obama by his side, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016.^[187]

Post-vice presidency (2017–2021)

After leaving the vice presidency, Biden became an honorary professor at the University of Pennsylvania, developing the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement. Biden remained in that position into 2019, before running for president.^[188] ^[189]

In 2017, Biden wrote a memoir, Promise Me, Dad, and went on a book tour.^[190] By 2019, he and his wife reported that they had earned over $15 million since the end of his vice presidency from speaking engagements and book sales.^[191]

Biden remained in the public eye, endorsing candidates while continuing to comment on politics, climate change, and the presidency of Donald Trump.^[192] ^[193] He also continued to speak out in favor of LGBT rights, continuing advocacy on an issue he had become more closely associated with during his vice presidency.^[194] ^[195] In 2018, he gave a eulogy for Senator John McCain, praising McCain's embrace of American ideals and bipartisan friendships.^[196] Biden continued to support cancer research.^[197]

2020 presidential campaign

See main article: Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign.

Speculation and announcement

Between 2016 and 2019, media outlets often mentioned Biden as a likely candidate for president in 2020.^[198] When asked if he would run, he gave varied and ambivalent answers, saying "never say never".^[199] A political action committee known as Time for Biden was formed in January 2018, seeking Biden's entry into the race.^[200] He finally launched his campaign on April 25, 2019,^[201] saying he was prompted to run because he was worried by the Trump administration and felt a "sense of duty".^[202]

Campaign

As the 2020 campaign season heated up, voluminous public polling showed Biden as one of the best-performing Democratic candidates in a head-to-head matchup against President Trump.^[203] ^[204] ^[205] With Democrats keenly focused on "electability" for defeating Trump,^[206] this boosted his popularity among Democratic voters.^[207] It also made Biden a frequent target of Trump.^[208] ^[209] In September 2019, it was reported that Trump had pressured Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy to investigate alleged wrongdoing by Biden and his son Hunter Biden.^[210] Despite the allegations, no evidence was produced of any wrongdoing by the Bidens.^[211] ^[212] ^[213] Trump's pressure to investigate the Bidens was perceived by many as an attempt to hurt Biden's chances of winning the presidency.^[214] Trump's alleged actions against Biden resulted in a political scandal^[215] and Trump's impeachment by the House of Representatives for abuse of power and obstruction of congress.^[216]

In March 2019 and April 2019, eight women accused Biden of previous instances of inappropriate physical contact, such as embracing, touching or kissing.^[217] Biden had previously called himself a "tactile politician" and admitted this behavior had caused trouble for him.^[218] Journalist Mark Bowden described Biden's lifelong habit of talking close, writing that he "doesn't just meet you, he engulfs you... scooting closer" and leaning forward to talk.^[219] In April 2019, Biden pledged to be more "respectful of people's personal space".^[220]

Throughout 2019, Biden stayed generally ahead of other Democrats in national polls.^[221] ^[222] Despite this, he finished fourth in the Iowa caucuses, and eight days later, fifth in the New Hampshire primary.^[223] ^[224] He performed better in the Nevada caucuses, reaching the 15% required for delegates, but still finished 21.6 percentage points behind Bernie Sanders.^[225] Making strong appeals to Black voters on the campaign trail and in the South Carolina debate, Biden won the South Carolina primary by more than 28 points.^[226] After the withdrawals and subsequent endorsements of candidates Pete Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar, he made large gains in the Super Tuesday primary elections. Biden won 18 of the next 26 contests, putting him in the lead overall.^[227] Elizabeth Warren and Mike Bloomberg soon dropped out, and Biden expanded his lead with victories over Sanders in four states on March 10.^[228]

In late March 2020, Tara Reade, one of the eight women who in 2019 had accused Biden of inappropriate physical contact, accused Biden of having sexually assaulted her in 1993.^[229] There were inconsistencies between Reade's 2019 and 2020 allegations.^[230] Biden and his campaign denied the sexual assault allegation.^[231] ^[232]

When Sanders suspended his campaign on April 8, 2020, Biden became the Democratic Party's presumptive nominee for president.^[233] On April 13, Sanders endorsed Biden in a live-streamed discussion from their homes. Former president Barack Obama endorsed Biden the next day.^[234] On August 11, Biden announced U.S. senator Kamala Harris of California as his running mate, making her the first African American and first South Asian American vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.^[235] On August 18, 2020, Biden was officially nominated at the 2020 Democratic National Convention as the Democratic Party nominee for president in the 2020 election.^[236] ^[237]

Presidential transition

See main article: Presidential transition of Joe Biden. Biden was elected the 46th president of the United States in November 2020. He defeated the incumbent, Donald Trump, becoming the first candidate to defeat a sitting president since Bill Clinton defeated George H. W. Bush in 1992. Trump refused to concede, insisting the election had been "stolen" from him through "voter fraud", challenging the results in court and promoting numerous conspiracy theories about the voting and vote-counting processes, in an attempt to overturn the election results.^[238] Biden's transition was delayed by several weeks as the White House ordered federal agencies not to cooperate.^[239] On November 23, General Services Administrator Emily W. Murphy formally recognized Biden as the apparent winner of the 2020 election and authorized the start of a transition process to the Biden administration.

On January 6, 2021, during Congress's electoral vote count, Trump told supporters gathered in front of the White House to march to the Capitol and refused to concede the election.^[240] Soon after, some of his supporters attacked the Capitol. During the attack, Biden addressed the nation, calling the events "an unprecedented assault unlike anything we've seen in modern times".^[241] ^[242] After the Capitol was cleared, Congress resumed its joint session and officially certified the election results with Vice President Mike Pence, in his capacity as President of the Senate, declaring Biden and Harris the winners.^[243]

Presidency (2021–2025)

See main article: Presidency of Joe Biden.

Inauguration

See main article: Inauguration of Joe Biden.

Biden was inaugurated as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021.^[244] At 78, he was the oldest person to have assumed the office.^[245] He is the second Catholic president (after John F. Kennedy)^[246] ^[247] and the first president whose home state is Delaware.^[248] He is also the first man since George H. W. Bush to have been both vice president and president, and the second non-incumbent vice president (after Richard Nixon in 1968) to be elected president.^[249] He is also the first president from the Silent Generation.^[250] ^[251]

Biden's inauguration was "a muted affair unlike any previous inauguration" due to COVID-19 precautions as well as massively increased security measures because of the January 6 United States Capitol attack. Trump did not attend, becoming the first outgoing president since 1869 to not attend his successor's inauguration.^[252]

First 100 days

In his first two days as president, Biden signed 17 executive orders. By his third day, orders had included rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement, ending the state of national emergency at the border with Mexico, directing the government to rejoin the World Health Organization, face mask requirements on federal property, measures to combat hunger in the United States,^[253] ^[254] ^[255] ^[256] and revoking permits for the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline.^[257]

On March 11, the first anniversary of COVID-19 having been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization, Biden signed into law the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, a $1.9 trillion economic stimulus and relief package that he had proposed to support the United States' recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.^[258] The package included direct payments to most Americans, an extension of increased unemployment benefits, funds for vaccine distribution and school reopenings, and expansions of health insurance subsidies and the child tax credit. Biden's initial proposal included an increase of the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour, but after the Senate parliamentarian determined that including the increase in a budget reconciliation bill would violate Senate rules, Democrats declined to pursue overruling her and removed the increase from the package.^[259] ^[260] ^[261]

Also in March, amid a rise in migrants entering the U.S. from Mexico, Biden told migrants, "Don't come over." In the meantime, migrant adults "are being sent back", Biden said, in reference to the continuation of the Trump administration's Title 42 policy for quick deportations.^[262] Biden earlier announced that his administration would not deport unaccompanied migrant children; the rise in arrivals of such children exceeded the capacity of facilities meant to shelter them (before they were sent to sponsors), leading the Biden administration in March to direct the Federal Emergency Management Agency to help.

On April 14, Biden announced that the United States would delay the withdrawal of all troops from the war in Afghanistan until September 11, signaling an end to the country's direct military involvement in Afghanistan after nearly 20 years. In February 2020, the Trump administration had made a deal with the Taliban to completely withdraw U.S. forces by May 1, 2021.^[263] Biden's decision met with a wide range of reactions, from support and relief to trepidation at the possible collapse of the Afghan government without American support.^[264] On April 22–23, Biden held an international climate summit at which he announced that the U.S. would cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 50%–52% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. Other countries also increased their pledges.^[265] ^[266] On April 28, the eve of his 100th day in office, Biden delivered his first address to a joint session of Congress.^[267]

Domestic policy

On June 17, Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act, which officially declared Juneteenth a federal holiday.^[268] Juneteenth is the first new federal holiday since 1983.^[269] ^[270] ^[271] In July 2021, amid a slowing of the COVID-19 vaccination rate in the country and the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, Biden said that the country has "a pandemic for those who haven't gotten the vaccination" and that it was therefore "gigantically important" for Americans to be vaccinated.^[272]

In 2022, Biden endorsed a change to the Senate filibuster to allow for the passing of the Freedom to Vote Act and John Lewis Voting Rights Act, on both of which the Senate had failed to invoke cloture.^[273] The rules change failed when two Democratic senators, Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema, joined Senate Republicans in opposing it.^[274] In April 2022, Biden signed into law the bipartisan Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 to revamp the finances and operations of the United States Postal Service agency.^[275]

In the summer of 2022, several other pieces of legislation Biden supported passed Congress. The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act aimed to address gun reform issues following the Robb Elementary School shooting in Uvalde, Texas.^[276] The act's gun control provisions include extended background checks for gun purchasers under 21, clarification of Federal Firearms License requirements, funding for state red flag laws and other crisis intervention programs, further criminalization of arms trafficking and straw purchases, and partial closure of the boyfriend loophole.^[277] ^[278] ^[279] Biden signed the bill on June 25, 2022.^[280]

The Honoring our PACT Act of 2022 was introduced in 2021 and signed into law by Biden on August 10, 2022.^[281] The act intends to significantly improve healthcare access and funding for veterans who were exposed to toxic substances, including burn pits, during military service.^[282]

In 2022, Biden signed the Respect for Marriage Act, which repealed the Defense of Marriage Act and requires the federal government to recognize the validity of same-sex and interracial marriages.^[283]

In June 2024, Biden issued an executive action offering amnesty to unauthorized immigrants married to American citizens. The program included a pathway to U.S. residency and citizenship and was expected to initially affect about 500,000 people. It was later struck down due to a lack of legislation empowering the president to enact the program.^[284] ^[285]

In January 2025, Biden declared the lapsed Equal Rights Amendment ratified as the "28th Amendment" to the constitution. The declaration has no formal effect^[286] ^[287] and the National Archives has said it does not intend to certify the amendment as part of the constitution, citing "established legal, judicial, and procedural decisions".^[288]

Economy

See main article: Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration.

Biden entered office nine months into a recovery from the COVID-19 recession and his first year in office was characterized by robust growth in real GDP, employment, wages, and stock market returns, amid significantly elevated inflation. Real GDP grew 5.9%, the fastest rate in 37 years.^[289] ^[290] Amid record job creation, the unemployment rate fell at the fastest pace on record during the year.^[291] ^[292] ^[293] By the end of 2021, inflation rates measured by the consumer price index (CPI) reached a nearly 40-year high of 7.1%, which was partially offset by the highest nominal wage and salary growth in at least 20 years. The inflation rate peaked at 9% in June 2022.^[294] ^[295] ^[296] ^[297] The inflation rate reached 2.9% and core inflation rate reached 3.2% on an annual basis in December 2024, the last full month of Biden's term. Between December 2020 and December 2024, CPI rose 21.3% overall, with an annualized inflation rate of 5.3% throughout Biden's term in office. The inflation rate remained above the Federal Reserve's 2% target every month since March 2021, resulting in elevated interest rates to combat inflation. Average wages increased 19% throughout Biden's presidency, falling behind inflation. The unemployment rate declined by over 2% and real GDP grew 11% during Biden's term. Total household net worth increased by 28%, largely driven by stocks and real estate. The national debt grew to $36.2 trillion, with a debt to GDP ratio of 123% and a deficit to GDP ratio of 6% in FY 2024.^[298] ^[299] ^[300]

Amid a surge in inflation and high gas prices, Biden's approval ratings declined, with his disapproval rating surpassing his approval rating in early 2022.^[301] ^[302] ^[303] After 5.9% growth in 2021, real GDP growth cooled in 2022 to 2.1%, after slightly negative growth in the first half spurred recession concerns. Job creation and consumer spending remained strong through the year, as the unemployment rate fell to match a 53-year low of 3.5% in December. Inflation peaked at 9.1% in June before easing to 3.2% by October 2023. Stocks had had their worst year since 2008^[304] ^[305] ^[306] before recovering. Widespread predictions of an imminent recession did not materialize in 2022 or 2023, and by late 2023 indicators showed sharply lower inflation with economic acceleration. GDP growth hit 4.9% in the third quarter of 2023 and the year ended with stocks near record highs, with robust holiday spending.^[307] ^[308] ^[309]

Biden signed numerous major pieces of economic legislation in the 117th Congress, including the American Rescue Plan, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, CHIPS and Science Act, and the Inflation Reduction Act.^[310] He signed the CHIPS and Science Act into law on August 9, 2022.^[311] It provided billions of dollars in new funding to boost domestic research on and manufacture of semiconductors, to compete economically with China.^[312] In his third month in office, Biden also signed an executive order to increase the minimum wage for federal contractors to $15 per hour, an increase of nearly 37%. The order went into effect for 390,000 workers in January 2022.^[313] ^[314] His administration rigorously enforced antitrust law, as seen by the work of Lina Khan at the Federal Trade Commission.

In 2022, Biden blocked a national railroad strike planned by multiple labor unions.^[315] During the United Auto Workers strike, he expressed support for the workers in negotiations.^[316] Biden joined striking UAW workers' picket line in Michigan, becoming the first president to join a picket line.^[317] He refused to block a port strike from the International Longshoremen's Association in October 2024.^[318]

Over the course of five days in March 2023, three small- to mid-size U.S. banks failed, triggering a sharp decline in global bank stock prices and swift response by regulators to prevent potential global contagion. After Silicon Valley Bank collapsed, the first to do so, Biden expressed opposition to a bailout by taxpayers.^[319] He claimed that the partial rollback of Dodd-Frank regulations contributed to the bank's failure.^[320]

At the beginning of the 118th Congress, Biden and congressional Republicans engaged in a standoff after the U.S. hit its debt limit, which raised the risk that the U.S. would default on its debt.^[321] Biden and House speaker Kevin McCarthy struck a deal to raise the debt limit, the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, which suspended the debt limit until January 2025. Biden signed it on June 3, averting a default.^[322] The deal was generally seen as favorable to Biden.^[323] ^[324]

Biden extended the COVID-19 student loan pause through September 2023, with an "on ramp" period that extended some of the pause's protections against credit reporting, collection efforts, and late payment fees through September 30, 2024.^[325] The Biden administration's attempts to implement student loan forgiveness and relief programs have faced legal challenges from a coalition of Republican-led states.^[326] Biden's plans to forgive student loan debt were estimated to cost over $519 billion,^[327] and some critics called them a "disaster".^[328]

Judiciary

By the end of 2021, 40 of his nominees to the federal judiciary had been confirmed, more than any president in his first year in office since Ronald Reagan.^[329] Biden has prioritized diversity in his judicial appointments more than any president in U.S. history, with most of his appointees being women and people of color.^[330]

In January 2022, Supreme Court justice Stephen Breyer, a moderate liberal nominated by Bill Clinton, announced his intention to retire from the Supreme Court. During his 2020 campaign, Biden vowed to nominate the first Black woman to the Supreme Court if a vacancy occurred,^[331] a promise he reiterated after Breyer announced his retirement.^[332] On February 25, Biden nominated federal judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court.^[333] She was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on April 7^[334] and sworn in on June 30.^[335] By the end of his presidency, Biden had appointed 235 judges, more appointments in a single term than any other president in at least 50 years. 63% of Biden's judges were women and 60% were non-white.^[336] ^[337] Biden expressed interest in judicial term limits and a binding ethics code for Supreme Court justices.^[338]

Infrastructure and climate

As part of Biden's Build Back Better agenda, in late March 2021, he proposed the American Jobs Plan, a $2 trillion package addressing issues including transport infrastructure, utilities infrastructure, broadband infrastructure, housing, schools, manufacturing, research and workforce development.^[339] ^[340] After months of negotiations among Biden and lawmakers, in August 2021 the Senate passed a $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill called the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act,^[341] ^[342] while the House, also in a bipartisan manner, approved that bill in early November 2021, covering infrastructure related to transport, utilities, and broadband.^[343] Biden signed the bill into law in mid-November 2021.^[344]

The other core part of the Build Back Better agenda was the Build Back Better Act, a $3.5 trillion social spending bill that expands the social safety net and includes major provisions on climate change.^[345] ^[346] The bill did not have Republican support, so Democrats attempted to pass it on a party-line vote through budget reconciliation, but struggled to win the support of Senator Joe Manchin, even as the price was lowered to $2.2 trillion.^[347] After Manchin rejected the bill,^[348] the Build Back Better Act's size was reduced. It was comprehensively reworked into the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, covering deficit reduction, climate change, healthcare, and tax reform.^[349]

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 was introduced by senators Chuck Schumer and Joe Manchin.^[350] ^[351] The package aimed to raise $739 billion and authorize $370 billion in spending on energy and climate change, $300 billion in deficit reduction, three years of Affordable Care Act subsidies, prescription drug reform to lower prices, and tax reform.^[352] According to an analysis by the Rhodium Group, the bill will lower U.S. greenhouse gas emissions between 31 percent and 44 percent below 2005 levels by 2030.^[353] On August 7, 2022, the Senate passed the bill (as amended) on a 51–50 vote, with all Democrats voting in favor, all Republicans opposed, and Vice President Kamala Harris breaking the tie. The bill was passed by the House on August 12 and was signed by Biden on August 16.^[354] ^[355]

Before and during the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26), Biden promoted an agreement that the U.S. and the European Union cut methane emissions by a third by 2030 and tried to add dozens of other countries to the effort.^[356] Biden pledged to double climate funding to developing countries by 2024.^[357] Also at COP26, the U.S. and China reached a deal on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The two countries are responsible for 40 percent of global emissions.^[358] In July 2023, when the 2023 heat waves hit the U.S., Biden announced several measures to protect the population and said the heat waves were linked to climate change.^[359] ^[360] In April 2024, he unveiled a plan to protect and restore natural water sources (3.2 million hectares of wetlands and 161,000 km of rivers and streams).^[361]

Biden protected 674 million acres of land and ocean (an area at least four times larger than Texas) from natural resource exploitation, more than any other president. The vast majority of the conservation came from a ban on offshore drilling in 625 million acres of ocean.^[362] ^[363]

Immigration

See main article: Immigration policy of the Joe Biden administration. Illegal border crossings at the Mexico–United States border began to surge in 2021 when Biden assumed office,^[364] ^[365] ^[366] ^[367] following a pandemic-era lull, amid a global rise in migration. From 2021 to 2023, they increased to record highs, reaching an all-time monthly high in December 2023.^[368] ^[369] Throughout 2024, crossings began to significantly decline from the December record, after Biden implemented restrictions on asylum claims from migrants who cross the border between ports of entry and urged Mexico to crack down on migrants.^[370] ^[371] ^[372] The United States also increased its deportations in the last year of Biden's presidency. Deportations from October 2023 to September 2024 reached the highest level since 2014.^[373] Biden used humanitarian parole to an unprecedented degree to mitigate illegal border crossings, allowing migrants to fly into the U.S. or schedule their entries through official entry points in the U.S.-Mexico border. Over a million migrants had been admitted to the U.S. under humanitarian parole as of January 2024.^[374] ^[375] ^[376]

In January 2024, Biden expressed support for a proposed bipartisan immigration deal led by Senators Kyrsten Sinema and James Lankford. He had previously supported the U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021, which he proposed on his first day in office.^[377] ^[378] The proposed bipartisan bill would have allowed DHS to close the border when encounters reach a seven-day average of 5,000 or exceed 8,500 in a single day.^[379] ^[380] In addition, the bill would have mandated the detention of migrants seeking asylum and undergoing asylum interviews, with those failing the process repatriated to their home countries.^[381] While not addressing the status of "Dreamers", it would have changed immigration law to allow the children of those with H-1B visas to get work authorizations and freeze their legal ages while waiting for green cards, rather than face deportation once they turn 21, and provide additional funding for immigration judges.^[382]

In late January, former president Donald Trump announced his opposition to the legislation, calling on Congressional Republicans to oppose it; subsequently, leaders such as Speaker of the House Mike Johnson announced their opposition, halting further legislative action.^[383] ^[384] As a result of continued high immigration levels throughout his tenure, some lawmakers and pundits have criticized Biden's handling of the southern border.^[385] ^[386] ^[387] Criticism of the bill and broader immigration policy continued to be expressed by both sides, with some liberals considering his policies too harsh while some conservatives considered them too lax.^[388] ^[389] On January 17, 2024, a Republican-led non-binding resolution denouncing the Biden-Harris administration's handling of the U.S. southern border passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 225–187, with 211 Republicans and 14 Democrats supporting it.^[390] In the final year of his presidency, the Biden administration worked to extend at least 14 contracts with private prison companies to run immigrant detention centers, despite his 2020 campaign promise to end the practice.^[391] In June 2024, Biden issued an executive order allowing the president to restrict the Mexico–U.S. border.^[392] ^[393]

Pardons and commutations

Biden issued more individual pardons and commutations than any other president. On October 6, 2022, he pardoned all Americans convicted of "small" amounts of cannabis possession under federal law.^[394] On December 22, 2023, he pardoned Americans for cannabis use or possession on federal lands regardless of whether they had been charged or prosecuted.^[395] ^[396] On December 12, 2024, in the largest single-day clemency act in history, Biden granted clemency to about 1,500 nonviolent felons in home confinement who had previously been released from prison.^[397] ^[398] The act generated controversy, as it included felons such as Michael Conahan, a judge involved in the kids for cash kickback scandal, and Rita Crundwell, a comptroller responsible for the single largest municipal fraud in U.S. history. The Biden administration said the offenders who received clemency "deserve a second chance" and were selected based on meeting certain criteria in a uniform decision.^[399] ^[400] On December 23, 2024, Biden commuted the sentences of 37 out of 40 federal death row inmates.^[401] On his last day in office, Biden commuted the sentence of Leonard Peltier, convicted of murdering two FBI agents and later involved in a violent prison escape attempt, to house arrest.^[402]

Pardons of family members and political figures

Biden issued more pardons for members of his family than any other president. On December 1, 2024, he issued a "full and unconditional" pardon to Hunter Biden that covered all federal offenses Hunter committed or may have committed between January 1, 2014, and December 1, 2024. The pardon's sweeping extent was "unprecedented",^[403] with legal experts naming Richard Nixon as the only other person given similar terms for a pardon, for his tenure as president from 1969 to 1974.^[404] ^[405] ^[406] According to Reason magazine, Hunter Biden's pardon was even more far-reaching than Nixon's or other "controversial" pardons:

The Hunter pardon is far more comprehensive...in that it covered not just his convictions for drug-related activities and tax fraud, but any other criminal behavior since 2014—the year that Hunter joined the board of Ukrainian energy company Burisma. It has been alleged that Hunter's job was essentially to trade on the family name and sell his access to dad. This may not have been illegal, but it does mean that the pardon is clearly designed to offer preemptive protection not just to Hunter, but to Joe Biden himself. These features make the pardon unprecedented, though perfectly in line with the president's executive powers.

Hunter had been convicted on charges related to tax and gun offenses, after which Joe made numerous promises not to pardon him. He and his staff continued to say that Hunter would not be pardoned as late as November, although internal staff discussions affirmed that the option remained on the table even as Biden said otherwise.^[407] ^[408] Biden and his family finalized the decision to pardon Hunter without consulting senior staff.^[409] In a statement announcing the pardon, Biden said he believed his son was "selectively, and unfairly, prosecuted", blaming "political pressure" for the collapse of a plea bargain. The plea bargain actually fell apart after the presiding judge asked about its unusual construction.^[410] ^[411] Biden's pardon came amid incoming December sentencing dates for Hunter for his convictions and concerns about the succeeding Trump administration potentially targeting political rivals for prosecution. No future president can rescind the pardon.^[412] Biden said, "I hope Americans will understand why a father and a president would come to this decision."

On his last day in office, Biden issued pardons for more of his family members and other-high profile figures.^[413] The pardons covered Biden's siblings and their spouses, including James Biden, who was interviewed as part of an impeachment probe into Biden. Others pardoned on Biden last day in office include former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mark Milley, former National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases director Anthony Fauci, and members and participants in the House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack. Biden said that the pardons were preemptive and should not be seen as implying the guilt of any of their recipients.^[414] ^[415] The pardons Biden granted to his family and other political figures had a sweeping scope similar to the one Biden granted to Hunter, covering federal offenses that the recipients committed or may have committed between January 1, 2014, and the day of the pardon.^[416]

Biden justified the preemptive pardons by citing concerns about "baseless and politically motivated investigations".^[417] Some recipients of the pardons said they did not need them. One recipient, Senator Adam Schiff, said the pardons set a bad precedent, saying he didn't want "each president hereafter on their way out the door giving a broad category of pardons to members of their administration". Many of those pardoned were not under criminal investigation.^[413] ^[418]

Biden also pardoned two other Democratic officials on his last day in office: Ernest William Cromartie, convicted of tax evasion, and Gerald G. Lundergan, convicted of a scheme to funnel thousands of dollars to his daughter's Senate campaign.^[419] ^[420] ^[421]

2022 elections

See main article: 2022 United States elections.

On September 2, 2022, in a nationally broadcast Philadelphia speech, Biden called for a "battle for the soul of the nation". Off camera, he called Trump supporters "semi-fascists", which Republican commentators denounced.^[422] ^[423] ^[424] A predicted Republican wave election did not materialize and the race for U.S. Congress control was much closer than expected, with Republicans securing a slim majority of 222 seats in the House of Representatives,^[425] ^[426] ^[427] ^[428] and the Democratic caucus keeping control of the U.S. Senate, with 51 seats, a gain of one seat from the last Congress.^[429]

It was the first midterm election since 1986 in which the party of the incumbent president achieved a net gain in governorships, and the first since 1934 in which the president's party lost no state legislative chambers.^[430] Democrats credited Biden for their unexpectedly favorable performance,^[431] and he celebrated the results as a strong day for democracy.^[432]

Foreign policy

See main article: Foreign policy of the Joe Biden administration.

In June 2021, Biden took his first trip abroad as president. In eight days he visited Belgium, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. He attended a G7 summit, a NATO summit, and an EU summit, and held one-on-one talks with Russian president Vladimir Putin.^[433]

In September 2021, Biden announced AUKUS, a security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, to ensure "peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific over the long term"; the deal included nuclear-powered submarines built for Australia's use, undercutting a prior Australian contract for submarines with France.^[434]

In February 2021, the Biden administration announced that the United States was ending its support for the Saudi-led bombing campaign in Yemen and revoked the designation of Yemen's Houthis as terrorists.^[435] ^[436] In early February 2022, Biden ordered the counterterrorism raid in northern Syria that resulted in the death of Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi, the second leader of the Islamic State.^[437] In late July, Biden approved the drone strike that killed Ayman al-Zawahiri, the second leader of Al-Qaeda, and an integral member in the planning of the September 11 attacks.^[438] The 2022 OPEC+ oil production cut caused a diplomatic spat with Saudi Arabia, widening the rift between the two countries, and threatening a longstanding alliance.^[439] ^[440]

In August 2024, Biden negotiated and oversaw the 2024 Ankara prisoner exchange, the largest prisoner exchange since the end of the Cold War. It involved the release of 26 people, including American journalist Evan Gershkovich and former United States Marine Paul Whelan.^[441] In November 2024, the Biden administration announced that it had helped broker a ceasefire agreement in the Israel–Hezbollah conflict.^[442] ^[443] ^[444] ^[445]

Withdrawal from Afghanistan

See main article: 2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan.

American forces began withdrawing from Afghanistan in 2020, under the provisions of a February 2020 US-Taliban agreement that set a May 1, 2021, deadline.^[446] The Taliban began an offensive on May 1.^[447] ^[448] By early July, most American troops in Afghanistan had withdrawn. Biden addressed the withdrawal in July, saying, "The likelihood there's going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely."

On August 15, the Afghan government collapsed under the Taliban offensive, and Afghan President Ashraf Ghani fled the country.^[449] Biden reacted by ordering 6,000 American troops to assist with evacuating American personnel and Afghan allies.^[450] He faced bipartisan criticism for the manner of the withdrawal,^[451] with the evacuations described as chaotic and botched.^[452] ^[453] ^[454] On August 16, Biden addressed the "messy" situation, taking responsibility for it, and admitting that the situation "unfolded more quickly than we had anticipated".^[455] He defended his decision to withdraw, saying that Americans should not be "dying in a war that Afghan forces are not willing to fight for themselves".^[456]

On August 26, a suicide bombing at the Kabul airport killed 13 U.S. service members and 169 Afghans. On August 27, an American drone strike killed two ISIS-K targets, who were "planners and facilitators", according to a U.S. Army general.^[457] On August 29, another American drone strike killed ten civilians, including seven children. The Defense Department initially claimed the strike was conducted on an Islamic State suicide bomber threatening Kabul Airport, but admitted the suspect was harmless on September 17, calling its killing of civilians "a tragic mistake".^[458]

The U.S. military completed withdrawal from Afghanistan on August 30. Biden called the extraction of over 120,000 Americans, Afghans and other allies "an extraordinary success".^[459] He acknowledged that up to 200 Americans who wanted to leave did not, despite his August 18 pledge to keep troops in Afghanistan until all Americans who wanted to leave had left.^[460]

After the withdrawal, the U.S. continued to send aid to Afghanistan, remaining the country's biggest aid donor as of August 2024 and spending at least $20.7 billion post-withdrawal. U.S. funding has helped support the Taliban government and stabilize Afghanistan's economy.^[461] ^[462] On September 25, 2024, the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution condemning the Biden-Harris Administration for the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan. The resolution passed 219 - 194, with ten Democrats and all Republicans voting in favor.^[463]

Russian invasion of Ukraine

In February 2022, the Russian Armed Forces under President Vladimir Putin launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. After warning for several weeks that an attack was imminent, Biden responded to the invasion by imposing severe sanctions on Russia and authorizing over $8 billion in weapons shipments to Ukraine.^[464] ^[465] ^[466] On April 29, he asked Congress for $33 billion for Ukraine,^[467] ^[468] but lawmakers later increased it to about $40 billion.^[469] ^[470] ^[471] Biden blamed Putin for the emerging energy and food crises.^[472] ^[473] ^[474]

On February 20, 2023, four days before the anniversary of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Biden visited Kyiv and met with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.^[475] While there, he promised more military aid to Ukraine and denounced the war.^[476] ^[477] ^[478]

In 2022, Congress approved about $113 billion in aid to Ukraine.^[479] In October 2023, the Biden administration requested an additional $61.4 billion in aid for Ukraine for the year ahead,^[480] but delays in the passage of further aid by the House of Representatives inhibited progress, with the additional $61 billion in aid to Ukraine added in April 2024.^[481] ^[482] ^[483] Throughout the conflict, Biden has consistently refused Ukrainian requests to allow them to utilize weapons against Russian military targets inside Russia. An exception was granted in May 2024 for targets in the vicinity of Kharkiv for "counter-fire" purposes.^[484] ^[485] ^[486] ^[487]

China affairs

The Solomon Islands-China security pact caused alarm in late 2022, as China could build military bases across the South Pacific. Biden sought to strengthen ties with Australia and New Zealand in the wake of the deal, as Anthony Albanese succeeded to the premiership of Australia and Jacinda Ardern's government took a firmer line on Chinese influence.^[488] ^[489] ^[490] In a September 2022 interview with 60 Minutes, Biden said that U.S. forces would defend Taiwan in the event of "an unprecedented attack" by the Chinese,^[491] which is in contrast to the long-standing U.S. policy of "strategic ambiguity" toward China and Taiwan.^[492] ^[493] ^[494] The September comments came after three previous comments by Biden that the U.S. would defend Taiwan in the event of a Chinese invasion.^[495] Amid increasing tension with China, Biden's administration has repeatedly walked back his statements and asserted that U.S. policy toward Taiwan has not changed.^[495] ^[496] ^[492] In late 2022, Biden issued several executive orders and federal rules designed to slow Chinese technological growth, and maintain U.S. leadership over computing, biotech, and clean energy.^[497]

On February 4, 2023, Biden ordered the United States Air Force to shoot down a suspected Chinese surveillance balloon off the coast of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.^[498] ^[499] The State Department said the balloon carried antennas and other equipment capable of geolocating communications signals, and similar balloons from China have flown over more than 40 nations.^[500] The Chinese government denied that the balloon was a surveillance device, instead claiming it was a civilian (mainly meteorological) airship that had blown off course.^[501] ^[502] Secretary of State Antony Blinken postponed his planned visit to China as the incident further damaged U.S.-China relations.^[503] ^[504] ^[505] In May 2024, the Biden administration doubled tariffs on solar cells imported from China and more than tripled tariffs on lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries imported from China.^[506] It also raised tariffs on imports of Chinese steel, aluminum, and medical materials.^[506]

In April 2024, Biden signed the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act, which would ban social networking services within 270 to 360 days if they are determined by the president and relevant provisions to be a "foreign adversary controlled application". The act explicitly applies to ByteDance Ltd. and its subsidiaries, which are all based in China. It ceases to be applicable if the foreign adversary controlled application is divested and no longer considered to be controlled by a foreign adversary of the United States. Biden had signed the No TikTok on Government Devices Act in December 2022, prohibiting the use of TikTok on devices owned by the federal government.^[507] ^[508] ^[509]

Israel–Hamas war

In October 2023, Hamas launched a surprise attack on Israel that devolved into an intensified conflict, jeopardizing the administration's push to normalize relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia.^[510] Biden stated his unequivocal support for Israel and condemned the attack by Hamas.^[511] He deployed aircraft carriers in the region to deter others from joining the war,^[512] and called for an additional $14 billion in military aid to Israel.^[513] He later began pressuring Israel to address the growing humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip.^[514] Biden rejected calls for a ceasefire but said he supported "humanitarian pauses" to deliver aid to the people of the Gaza Strip.^[515] He asked Israel to pause its invasion of Gaza for at least three days to allow for hostage negotiations; Israel agreed to daily four-hour pauses.^[516] He also directed the U.S. military to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to Palestinians in Gaza.^[517] Biden has said he is a Zionist.^[518] ^[519] He has faced criticism for his unwavering support for Israel. Officials have urged him to take a harder stance against Israel, criticizing his administration's leniency and support despite the Israeli government's contentious offensive, which has led to significant civilian casualties and humanitarian crises.^[520] ^[521] ^[522]

Following the killing of Palestinian civilians receiving food aid on February 29, 2024, Biden said the current level of aid flowing into Gaza was insufficient.^[523] On March 3, the U.S. military began airdropping food aid into Gaza.^[524] Several experts called the U.S. airdrops performative and said they would do little to alleviate the famine in Gaza.^[525]

As of May 2024, Biden has continued to support Israel during the course of the war despite significant domestic opposition to American involvement in it and subsequent widespread protests. A March 2024 Gallup poll found that a strong majority of Americans disapproved of Israeli conduct during the war.^[526] It found that 36% approved "of the military action Israel has taken in Gaza" and 55% disapproved. Young Americans have been significantly less supportive of Israel than older generations.^[527] ^[528] Beginning in April 2024, widespread Israel–Hamas war protests emerged on university campuses, denouncing Biden.^[529]

On May 31, 2024, Biden announced his support for an Israeli ceasefire proposal, saying that Hamas was "no longer capable" of another large-scale attack.^[530] ^[531] ^[532] The proposal, which would establish a permanent ceasefire, release all hostages, and reconstruct the Gaza Strip, was supported by Hamas officials after mediation by Egypt and Qatar.^[533] ^[534] The Netanyahu administration responded that Israel's goals regarding "the destruction of Hamas military and governing capabilities" had not changed and that conditions would need to be met before it would agree to a ceasefire.^[535] ^[536] ^[537] In the first year of the war, it was estimated that the Biden administration had sent Israel at least $17.9 billion in military aid, a record.^[538] In about the same period, it sent Palestinians $1.2 billion in humanitarian aid.^[539] In the last week of Biden's presidency, Qatari officials announced that Hamas had accepted the ceasefire deal, with 33 hostages to be released pending Israeli approval. Biden hailed the deal, saying "it is long past time for the fighting to end and the work of building peace and security to begin" in a press release the same day.^[540] ^[541]

NATO enlargement

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Biden expressed support for expanding NATO to cover Sweden and Finland.^[542] ^[543] On August 9, 2022, he signed the instruments of ratification stipulating U.S. support for the two countries' entry into NATO.^[544] ^[545] Finnish ascension occurred on April 4, 2023, but opposition by Turkey and Hungary to Swedish entry led to a stalemate.^[546] Biden led diplomatic talks resulting in formal Swedish ascension into NATO on March 7, 2024.^[547] ^[548] He has also expressed openness to Ukrainian entry into NATO following the end of the conflict,^[549] supporting an expedited timetable in its ascension and the removal of steps such as the Membership Action Plan typically required for NATO entry.^[550] ^[551]

Investigations

Retention of classified documents

See main article: Joe Biden classified documents incident.

On November 2, 2022, while packing files at the Penn Biden Center, Biden's attorneys found classified documents dating from his vice presidency in a "locked closet".^[552] ^[553] According to the White House, the documents were reported that day to the U.S. National Archives, which recovered them the next day. On November 14, Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed U.S. attorney John R. Lausch Jr. to conduct an investigation.^[554] ^[555] On December 20, a second batch of classified documents was discovered in the garage of Biden's Wilmington, Delaware residence.^[556]

The findings broke news on January 9, 2023, after CBS News published an article on the Lausch investigation.^[557] ^[558] On January 12, Garland appointed Robert K. Hur as special counsel to investigate "possible unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or other records".^[559] On January 20, after a 13-hour consensual search by FBI investigators, six more items with classified markings were recovered from Biden's Wilmington residence.^[560] FBI agents searched Biden's home in Rehoboth Beach on February 1 and collected papers and notes from his time as vice president, but did not find any classified information.^[561] On February 8, 2024, Hur concluded the special counsel investigation and announced that no charges would be brought against Biden.^[562]

Business activities

See main article: United States House Oversight Committee investigation into the Biden family.

On January 11, 2023, the House of Representatives launched an investigative committee into the foreign business activities of Biden's son, Hunter, and brother, James.^[563] The committee's chair, Representative James Comer, simultaneously investigated alleged corruption related to the Hunter Biden laptop controversy.^[564]

On September 12, House speaker Kevin McCarthy initiated a formal impeachment inquiry against Biden, saying that the recent House investigations "paint a picture of corruption" by Biden and his family.^[565] ^[566] ^[567] ^[568] Congressional investigations, most notably by the House Oversight committee, have discovered no evidence of wrongdoing by Biden as of December 2023.^[569] ^[570] ^[571] ^[572] On December 13, 2023, the House of Representatives voted 221–212 to formalize an impeachment inquiry into Biden.^[573] ^[574] ^[575]

In February 2024, Alexander Smirnov, a former intelligence informant who was prominent in the bribery allegations against Biden, was charged with making false statements to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).^[576] Smirnov admitted he had publicized a false story given to him by Russian intelligence officials with the goal of damaging Biden's reelection campaign.^[577] ^[578] ^[579]

Age and health concerns

See main article: Age and health concerns about Joe Biden.

Biden was the oldest sitting president in U.S. history. His cognitive health was perceived to have declined by Republicans and some media figures,^[580] and privately by some Democrats. Members of Biden's family and White House staffers such as Jill Biden, Hunter Biden, advisor Mike Donilon, counselor Steve Ricchetti, deputy chief of staff Annie Tomasini, and first lady advisor Anthony Bernal frequently acted as intermediaries between Biden and others.^[581] ^[582] ^[583]

The media amplified and widely covered public concern about Biden's mental acuity after a weak performance in a June 2024 presidential debate,^[584] but gave it limited coverage beforehand, in part due to harsh pushback from White House officials against questions about Biden's health and cognitive ability.^[585] Biden repeatedly said he was fit to serve two terms as president,^[586] but later acknowledged that he may have been too old to serve a second term.^[587] Upon concluding the investigation into Biden's handling of classified documents, special counsel Robert Hur suggested that Biden would be able to present himself to a jury as an "elderly man with poor memory" and wrote that his memory "appeared to have significant limitations".^[588]

On July 21, 2022, Biden tested positive for COVID-19 with reportedly mild symptoms.^[589] ^[590] According to the White House, he was treated with Paxlovid.^[591] He worked in isolation in the White House for five days^[592] and returned to isolation when he tested positive again on July 30, 2022.^[593] ^[594] On July 17, 2024, Biden again tested positive for COVID-19.^[595] ^[596]

2024 presidential campaign

See main article: Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign. Ending months of speculation,^[597] ^[598] on April 25, 2023, Biden confirmed he would run for reelection as president in the 2024 election, with Harris again as his running mate. The campaign launched four years to the day after the start of his 2020 presidential campaign.^[599] On the day of his announcement, a Gallup poll found that Biden's approval rating was 37 percent, with most of those surveyed saying the economy was their biggest concern.^[600] During his campaign, Biden promoted higher economic growth and recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic.^[601] ^[602] He frequently stated his intention to "finish the job" as a political rallying cry.^[603] ^[604]

U.S. Representative Dean Phillips ran against Biden in the 2024 Democratic presidential primaries.^[605] Phillips campaigned as a younger alternative to Biden, who would be a stronger opponent to Trump.^[606] ^[607] Biden was not on the ballot in the January 23 New Hampshire primary, but won it in a write-in campaign with 63.8% of the vote to Phillips's 19.6%.^[608] He had wanted South Carolina to be the first primary, and won that state on February 3 with 96.2% of the vote.^[609] Biden received 89.3% of the vote in Nevada and 81.1% of the vote in Michigan, with "none of these candidates" and "uncommitted" coming in second in each state, respectively. On March 5 ("Super Tuesday"), he won 15 of 16 primaries, netting 80% or more of the vote in 13 of them.^[610] ^[611] Biden lost the American Samoa contest to venture capitalist Jason Palmer, becoming the first incumbent president to lose a contest while appearing on the ballot since Jimmy Carter in 1980.^[612] On March 6, Phillips suspended his campaign and endorsed Biden.^[613] On March 12, Biden reached more than the 1,968 delegates needed to win the Democratic nomination, becoming the presumptive nominee.^[614] ^[615]

The first presidential debate was held on June 27, 2024, between Biden and Trump. Biden's performance was widely criticized, with commentators saying he frequently lost his train of thought and gave meandering answers.^[616] ^[617] ^[618] Several newspaper columnists declared Trump the winner,^[619] ^[620] ^[621] ^[622] and polling indicated the majority of debate watchers believed Trump won.^[623] After the debate raised questions about his health and age, Biden faced calls to withdraw from the race, including from fellow Democrats^[624] and the editorial boards of several major news outlets.^[625] ^[626] Biden initially insisted that he would remain a candidate,^[627] but on July 21, he withdrew his candidacy, writing that this was "in the best interest of my party and the country".^[628] ^[629] He endorsed Harris as his successor.^[630] ^[631] His announcement came 29 days before the beginning of the 2024 Democratic National Convention.^[632] ^[633] On August 6, 2024, Harris was confirmed as the Democratic presidential nominee after securing 99% of the delegates in a virtual roll call vote.^[634] This was the first time an eligible incumbent had declined to run for reelection since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968.^[635]

In the general election, Trump defeated Harris, flipping six states Biden had won in 2020. The Senate went Republican for the first time since 2018. In a nationally televised speech after the election, Biden congratulated Trump and promised a "peaceful and orderly" transition of power.^[636]

In a January 2025 interview, Biden claimed he could have defeated Trump had he not been persuaded to withdraw from the election.^[637] ^[638] Many Democratic politicians and journalists disagreed with Biden's claim.^[639] ^[640]

Assessments

A February 2024 American Political Science Association poll of historians and scholars ranked Biden as the 14th-greatest president, diverging from public assessments. The pollsters noted that Biden's ranking was unusually high for a presidency without military victories or institutional expansion, and with personal scandals such as Hunter Biden's. The experts polled generally regarded Biden's signature accomplishment as his victory over Trump in the 2020 election, which was perceived as helping to protect and restore political and institutional norms in American government.^[641] ^[642] ^[643]

Journalist Ronald Brownstein of The Atlantic compared Biden to Jimmy Carter, who died on December 29, 2024, and whom Biden eulogized on January 9, 2025. Biden's presidency was overshadowed by the 2021–2023 inflation surge, much as the 1970s energy crisis and stagflation overshadowed Carter's presidency. Both men were Democrats and served a single term as president, with Carter losing reelection in 1980 to Ronald Reagan and Biden's party losing in 2024 to Donald Trump.^[644] Biden's withdrawal from the 2024 presidential election was compared to Lyndon B. Johnson's withdrawal from the 1968 presidential election, with both of their vice presidents, Kamala Harris and Hubert Humphrey, losing the 2024 and 1968 presidential elections, respectively. Johnson and Biden were both initially popular but saw their approval ratings decline throughout their presidencies. Johnson and Biden also previously served as vice president, under John F. Kennedy and Barack Obama, respectively.^[645]

Post-presidency (2025–present)

Biden's term ended on January 20, 2025, upon Trump's second inauguration. Biden moved back to Wilmington, Delaware after his term ended.^[646]

At the end of his presidency, Biden designated former senior advisors Anthony Bernal and Annie Tomasini to raise funds for the Joseph R. Biden Jr. Presidential Library.^[647]

Political positions

See main article: Political positions of Joe Biden.

As a senator, Biden was regarded as a moderate Democrat.^[648] As a presidential nominee, Biden's platform had been called the most progressive of any major party platform in history, although not within his party's ideological vanguard.^[649] Biden says his positions are deeply influenced by Catholic social teaching.^[650] ^[651] ^[652]

According to political scientist Carlo Invernizzi Accetti, "it has become second nature to describe his politics with such ready-made labels as centrist or moderate."^[653] Accetti says that Biden represents an Americanized form of Christian democracy, taking positions characteristic of both the center-right and center-left. Biden has cited the Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain, credited with starting the Christian democratic movement, as immensely influential in his thinking.^[654] Other analysts have likened his ideology to traditional liberalism, "a doctrine of liberty, equality, justice and individual rights that relies, in the modern age, on a strong federal government for enforcement".^[655] ^[656] Such analysts distinguish liberals, who believe in a regulated market economy, from the left, who believe in greater economic intervention or a planned economy. In 2022, journalist Sasha Issenberg wrote that Biden's "most valuable political skill" was "an innate compass for the ever-shifting mainstream of the Democratic Party".^[657]

Biden has proposed partially reversing the corporate tax cuts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, saying that doing so would not hurt businesses' ability to hire.^[658] ^[659] He supported raising the corporate tax only up to 28% from the 21% established in the 2017 bill, not back to 35%, the corporate tax rate until 2017.^[660] He voted for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).^[661] as well as the Trans-Pacific Partnership.^[662] Biden is a staunch supporter of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).^[663] ^[664] He has promoted a plan to expand and build upon it, paid for by revenue gained from reversing some Trump administration tax cuts. Biden's plan aims to expand health insurance coverage to 97% of Americans, including by creating a public health insurance option.^[665]

Biden did not support national same-sex marriage rights while in the Senate and voted for the Defense of Marriage Act,^[666] but opposed proposals for constitutional amendments that would have banned same-sex marriage nationwide.^[667] Biden has supported same-sex marriage since 2012.^[668] As a senator, Biden forged deep relationships with police groups and was a chief proponent of a Police Officer's Bill of Rights measure that police unions supported but police chiefs opposed.^[669] ^[670] In 2020, Biden also ran on decriminalizing cannabis,^[671] after advocating harsher penalties for drug use as a U.S. senator.^[672] ^[673]

Biden believes action must be taken on climate change. As a senator, he co-sponsored the Boxer–Sanders Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act, the most stringent climate bill in the United States Senate.^[674] Biden supports nature conservation. According to a report from the Center for American Progress, he broke several records in this domain.^[675] He took steps to protect old-growth forests.^[676] Biden opposes drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.^[677] He wants to achieve a carbon-free power sector in the U.S. by 2035 and stop emissions completely by 2050.^[678] His program includes reentering the Paris Agreement, green building and more.^[679] Biden supports environmental justice, including climate justice and ocean justice.^[680] ^[681] A major step is increasing energy efficiency, water efficiency and resilience to climate disasters in low-income houses for mitigate climate change, reduce costs, improve health and safety.^[682] ^[683] Biden has called global temperature rise above the 1.5 degree limit the "only existential threat humanity faces even more frightening than a nuclear war".^[684] Despite his clean energy policies and congressional Republicans characterizing them as a "War on American Energy", domestic oil production reached a record high in October 2023.^[685]

Biden has said the U.S. needs to "get tough" on China, calling it the "most serious competitor" that poses challenges to the United States' "prosperity, security, and democratic values".^[686] ^[687] Biden has spoken about human rights abuses in the Xinjiang region to the Chinese Communist Party leader Xi Jinping, pledging to sanction and commercially restrict Chinese government officials and entities who carry out repression.^[688] ^[689] Biden has said he is against regime change but is for providing non-military support to opposition movements.^[690] He opposed direct U.S. intervention in Libya,^[691] voted against U.S. participation in the Gulf War,^[692] voted in favor of the Iraq War,^[693] and supports a two-state solution in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.^[694] Biden has pledged to end U.S. support for the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and to reevaluate the United States' relationship with Saudi Arabia.^[695] Biden supports extending the New START arms control treaty with Russia to limit the number of nuclear weapons deployed by both sides.^[696] ^[697] In 2021, Biden officially recognized the Armenian genocide, becoming the first U.S. president to do so.^[698]

Biden has supported abortion rights throughout his presidency, though he personally opposes abortion because of his Catholic faith.^[699] ^[700] In 2019, he said he supported Roe v. Wade and repealing the Hyde Amendment.^[701] ^[702] After Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, he criticized near-total bans on abortion access passed in a majority of Republican-controlled states,^[703] and took measures to protect abortion rights in the United States.^[704] He has vowed to sign a bill codifying the protections of Roe into federal law; such a bill passed the House in 2022, but was unable to clear the Senate filibuster.^[705] ^[706]

Public image

See main article: Public image of Joe Biden.

Biden was consistently ranked one of the least wealthy members of the Senate,^[707] ^[708] which he attributed to having been elected young.^[709] Feeling that less-wealthy public officials may be tempted to accept contributions in exchange for political favors, he proposed campaign finance reform measures during his first term., Biden's net worth was $27,012.^[710], the Bidens were worth $9 million, largely due to sales of Biden's books and speaking fees after his vice presidency.^[711] ^[712]

Political columnist David S. Broder wrote that Biden has grown over time: "He responds to real people—that's been consistent throughout. And his ability to understand himself and deal with other politicians has gotten much, much better." Journalist James Traub has written that "Biden is the kind of fundamentally happy person who can be as generous toward others as he is to himself". In recent years, especially after the 2015 death of his elder son Beau, Biden has been noted for his empathetic nature and ability to communicate about grief.^[713] ^[714] In 2020, CNN wrote that his presidential campaign aimed to make him "healer-in-chief", while The New York Times described his extensive history of being called upon to give eulogies.^[715]

Journalist and TV anchor Wolf Blitzer has called Biden loquacious;^[716] journalist Mark Bowden has said that he is famous for "talking too much", leaning in close "like an old pal with something urgent to tell you". He often deviates from prepared remarks,^[717] and sometimes "puts his foot in his mouth".^[718] ^[719] Biden has a reputation for being prone to gaffes,^[720] and in 2018 called himself "a gaffe machine".^[721] ^[722] The New York Times wrote that Biden's "weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much anything".

According to The New York Times, Biden often embellishes elements of his life or exaggerates, a trait also noted by The New Yorker in 2014.^[723] ^[724] For instance, he has claimed to have been more active in the civil rights movement than he actually was, and has falsely recalled being an excellent student who earned three college degrees. The Times wrote, "Mr. Biden's folksiness can veer into folklore, with dates that don't quite add up and details that are exaggerated or wrong, the factual edges shaved off to make them more powerful for audiences."

Job approval

According to Morning Consult polling, Biden maintained an approval rating above 50% during his presidency's first eight months. In August 2021, it began to decline, reaching the low forties by December.^[725] This was attributed to the Afghanistan withdrawal, increasing hospitalizations from the Delta variant, high inflation and gas prices, disarray within the Democratic Party, and a general decline in popularity customary in politics.^[726] ^[727] ^[728] ^[729] In 2023, Biden's approval rating was the lowest of any modern U.S. president after three years in office.^[730]

Gallup, Inc. found Biden's approval ratings to be consistently above 50% during his first few months in office,^[731] ^[732] but by August his ratings began to decline.^[733] He had a 98% approval rating from Democrats in February 2021, but by December only 78% approved of his presidency.^[734] By October 2023, his rating among Democrats had reached a record low of 75%.^[735] His approval rating among Republicans has been consistently in the single digits, aside from his first few months in office. Additionally, Gallup noted that Biden's public support eroded each year he was in office: he averaged 49% approval in his first year,^[736] 41% in his second,^[737] and 40% in his third.^[738] In July 2024, just before he withdrew from the 2024 presidential election, Gallup found his approval rating had fallen to an all-time low of 36%.^[739]

A December 2024 Gallup poll found that 54% of Americans thought Biden's presidency was below average or poor, 26% average, and 19% above average or outstanding.^[740] Gallup found that Americans largely offered negative assessments of Biden's presidency on economic, national, and international issues. Of 18 issue areas Gallup tracked, a majority of Americans said the U.S. lost ground in six, including the economy in general, immigration, and the country's position in the world. A plurality found that the U.S. declined in six other areas, including national infrastructure and energy, education, and trade relations with other countries. Americans perceived standstills in climate change and black people's situation, and were divided between standstills and declines in their perception of healthcare, national defense, and taxes. A plurality felt the U.S. made progress in only one indicator under Biden: the conditions of gay, lesbian, and transgender people.^[741] ^[742]

In January 2025, an AP-NORC poll found that Americans viewed Biden's presidency less favorably than they did Obama's at the end of his second term or Trump's at the end of his first.^[743] Gallup's averaged polls of Biden's presidency found that he was the second least popular president in its polling history, ahead of Trump.^[744] Many members of Biden's party called on him to withdraw from the 2024 presidential election, and criticized him for initially running for a second term given his age and unpopularity after Harris lost.^[745] NBC News and The Guardian called the conclusion of Biden's presidency a "tragedy", particularly because Biden was succeeded by Trump after previously defeating him.^[746] ^[747]

Gallup found that Biden had an average approval rating of 42.2% throughout his presidency, which was lower than all other presidents' except Trump's first term, at 41.1%. Biden's average approval rating in his fourth year in office was 39%. His final approval rating in January 2025 was 40%, which was low but still higher than the final approval ratings for several other presidents. CNN and CBS News found Biden's final approval rating to be even lower, at 37% and 36%, respectively.^[748] ^[749]

Media depictions

See also: Saturday Night Live parodies of Joe Biden. Nine men have portrayed Biden on Saturday Night Live, starting with Kevin Nealon in 1991. Jason Sudeikis portrayed Biden during the 2008 election season and reprised the role many times. During the 2020 election season, Biden was played by John Mulaney, Alex Moffat, Mikey Day, Woody Harrelson, and Jim Carrey. In 2024, Dana Carvey played the role.^[750] ^[751] In 2016, Greg Kinnear portrayed Biden in the HBO television film Confirmation, about the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination hearings.^[752]

Scholarly rankings

The Siena College Research Institute's 2022 survey ranked Biden 19th out of 45 presidents.^[753] The 2024 Presidential Greatness Project Expert survey ranked Biden the 14th best president.^[643]

Notes

News: Chase . Randall . January 9, 2010 . Vice President Biden's mother, Jean, dies at 92 . . . January 24, 2021 . May 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200520012620/https://www.witn.com/home/headlines/81062772.html . dead.
News: Smolenyak . Megan . Megan Smolenyak . September 3, 2002 . Joseph Biden Sr., 86, father of the senator . . April 15, 2020 . December 30, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191230113231/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2002-09-03-0209030023-story.html . live.
The New Yorker. August 15, 2022. August 25, 2022. Adam. Entous. The Untold History of the Biden Family. August 25, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220825154155/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/08/22/the-untold-history-of-the-biden-family. live.
News: Russell . Katie . January 8, 2021 . Joe Biden's family tree: how tragedy shaped the US president-elect . . December 1, 2020 . 0307-1235 . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108150352/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/joe-biden-family-tree-children-ashley-hunter/ . live.
Book: Biden . Joe . Promises to Keep: On Life and Politics . 2008 . Random House . 978-0-8129-7621-2 . 16–17.
News: Broder . John M. . October 23, 2008 . Father's Tough Life an Inspiration for Biden . . October 24, 2008 . November 8, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108082045/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24biden.html . live.
News: Rubinkam . Michael . August 27, 2008 . Biden's Scranton childhood left lasting impression . . . September 7, 2008 . January 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185424/https://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug27/0,4670,CVNBidenapossScrantonRoots,00.html . live.
News: Joe Biden, who left Scranton at 10, 'deserted' Pennsylvania . Farzan . Antonia Noori . May 21, 2019 . . November 7, 2021 . November 5, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201105045522/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/05/21/trump-biden-scranton-pennsylvania-deserted-delaware/ . live.
Web site: Ebert . Jennifer . Joe Biden's houses . Homes and Gardens . January 20, 2021 . September 18, 2021 . September 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210918200800/https://www.homesandgardens.com/news/joe-biden-house . live.
News: Newman . Meredith . How Joe Biden went from 'Stutterhead' to senior class president . . June 24, 2019 . September 18, 2021 . November 3, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201103124946/https://eu.delawareonline.com/story/news/2019/06/24/how-joe-biden-overcame-stutter-class-president-archmere-high-school/1261174001/ . live.
Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 364.
News: Frank . Martin . September 28, 2008 . Biden was the stuttering kid who wanted the ball . D.1 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20130601081204/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/delawareonline/access/1742718581.html?FMT=ABS . June 1, 2013.
Biden, Promises to Keep, pp. 27, 32–33.
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Web site: Miriam. Fauzia. Fact check: If he loses election, Biden said he wants to teach, but where is uncertain. October 28, 2020. August 29, 2021. USA Today. November 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101033652/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/10/28/fact-check-joe-biden-wants-return-teaching-if-he-loses-election/6037909002/. live.
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News: Biden wins 7th Senate term but may not serve . Nuckols . Ben . . . November 4, 2008 . February 6, 2009 . February 26, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090226050628/https://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/2008-11-04-420465768_x.htm . live.
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News: January 16, 2009 . Senate swears in Biden replacement Kaufman . live . . https://web.archive.org/web/20220924063807/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna28692968 . September 24, 2022 . July 9, 2024.
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Stone . Natalie . February 28, 2016 . Oscars: Joe Biden Introduces Lady Gaga for Performance of 'Til It Happens to You' . May 22, 2024 . The Hollywood Reporter . March 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160301042445/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-gagas-oscars-performance-til-870679 . live .
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News: Joe Biden vows to chase Islamic State to 'gates of hell'. Does he mean it? . Grier . Peter . . September 3, 2014 . September 14, 2014 . January 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210115185455/https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2014/0903/Joe-Biden-vows-to-chase-Islamic-State-to-gates-of-hell.-Does-he-mean-it . live.
Paz. Christian. October 26, 2020. The Biden Doctrine Begins With Latin America. The Atlantic. November 15, 2020. 1072-7825. November 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111041523/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/10/joe-biden-foreign-policy-latin-america/616841/. live.
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Web site: Bycoffe. Aaron. February 7, 2017. Pence Has Already Done Something Biden Never Did: Break A Senate Tie. FiveThirtyEight. Twelve vice presidents, including Biden, never broke a tie; Biden was the longest-serving vice president to never do so.. January 24, 2021. January 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082937/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/pence-has-already-done-something-biden-never-did-break-a-senate-tie/. live.
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News: Ukraine Pressured on U.S. Political Investigations . Kramer . Andrew E. . September 20, 2019 . . September 20, 2019 . 0362-4331 . September 20, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190920171010/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/world/europe/ukraine-trump-zelensky.html . live.
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News: 5 takeaways as Biden takes command of Democratic race on Super Tuesday II . . March 11, 2020 . March 11, 2020 . Eric . Bradner . Gregory . Krieg . Dan . Merica . March 11, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200311093752/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/politics/2020-primary-election-takeaways/index.html . live.
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News: DNC Nominates Joe Biden to Lead Nation Through Pandemic . . August 18, 2020 . August 19, 2020 . Joshua . Jamerson . Chad . Day . August 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200818221830/https://www.wsj.com/articles/democrats-to-nominate-joe-biden-bill-clinton-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-to-speak-11597777946 . live.
News: Joe Biden officially becomes the Democratic Party's nominee on convention's second night . . August 19, 2020 . August 19, 2020 . Toluse . Olorunnipa . Chelsea . Janes . Felicia . Sonmez . Colby . Itkowitz . John . Wagner . November 17, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201117190515/https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2020/08/18/democratic-national-convention-live-updates/ . live.
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News: Pence confirms Biden as winner, officially ending electoral count after day of violence at Capitol . King . Ledyard . Groppe . Maureen . Wu . Nicholas . Jansen . Bart . Subramanian . Courtney . Garrison . Joey . . January 7, 2021 . January 6, 2021 . live . January 7, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210107100543/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2021/01/06/congress-count-electoral-college-votes-biden-win/6556555002/.
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News: January 19, 2021. Biden to become the second Catholic president in U.S. history, after JFK. January 20, 2021. NBC News. January 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210119212606/https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/biden-to-become-the-second-catholic-president-in-u-s-history-after-jfk-99673157918. live.
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News: January 23, 2021 . At 78 and the oldest president, Biden sees a world changed . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press.
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News: Cassella . Megan . January 22, 2021 . Biden signs executive orders aimed at combating hunger, protecting workers . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122112210/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/22/biden-executive-orders-hunger-workers-461270 . January 22, 2021 . January 23, 2021 . Politico.
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News: March 17, 2021 . Biden administration faces pressure on immigration amid influx . . live . March 20, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210319221757/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/17/biden-administration-faces-pressure-on-immigration-amid-surge . March 19, 2021.
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New momentum reduces emissions gap, but huge gap remains – analysis . Carbon Action Tracker . climateactiontracker.org . April 23, 2021 . April 27, 2021 . April 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210426182048/https://climateactiontracker.org/press/new-momentum-reduces-emissions-gap-but-huge-gap-remains-analysis/ . live.
News: Newburger . Emma . April 22, 2021 . Here's what countries pledged on climate change at Biden's global summit . . live . April 29, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210429043848/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/biden-climate-summit-2021-what-brazil-japan-canada-others-pledged.html . April 29, 2021.
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Web site: June 17, 2021 . Most Federal Employees Will Receive Friday Off for Juneteenth . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210618055747/https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2021/06/most-federal-employees-will-receive-friday-juneteenth/174796/ . June 18, 2021 . June 17, 2021 . Government Executive.
News: Biden signs bill making Juneteenth a federal holiday . Watson . Kathryn . Quinn . Melissa . June 18, 2021 . . June 19, 2021.
News: June 17, 2021 . Biden signs bill making Juneteenth a federal holiday . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press . Kevin . Freking.
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News: Foran . Clare . Wilson . Kristin . Grayer . Annie . June 25, 2022 . Biden will sign first major federal gun safety legislation in decades on Saturday, White House says . . August 17, 2022.
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News: 8 November 2024 . Judge rejects Biden plan for undocumented spouses . BBC .
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News: Harrison . David . October 23, 2023 . The Economy Was Supposed to Slow by Now. Instead It's Revving Up. . The Wall Street Journal . subscription . Recent economic data suggest the economy is accelerating despite higher borrowing costs, the resumption of student-loan payments, and wars in Ukraine and the Middle East ... Analysts, many of whom had expected a recession this year, are pushing up their forecasts ... After predicting a recession for the past year, economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal this month said they now believe that the economy will avoid a downturn in the next 12 months. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231122184856/https://www.wsj.com/economy/the-economy-was-supposed-to-slow-by-now-instead-its-revving-up-3c0f7a2e . November 22, 2023.
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News: Juliana . Kaplan . August 14, 2023 . Nearly 400,000 federal contractors will get paid $15 an hour starting this weekend. Biden's labor secretary says there's 'no question' it'll cut down on labor shortages. . Business Insider . January 28, 2022.
News: 1 October 2024 . Biden signs bill to block U.S. railroad strike . Reuters .
News: September 15, 2023 . UAW strike: Biden says striking car workers deserve 'fair share' . BBC News . September 20, 2023 . September 15, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230915171936/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-66822558 . live .
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News: 1 October 2024 . Biden won't step in to stop dockworker strike . Politico .
News: Cathey . Libby . March 13, 2023 . Amid crisis, Biden tells Americans 'banking system is safe' . March 13, 2023 . ABC News.
News: Hunnicutt . Trevor . March 13, 2023 . Biden vows new bank rules after SVB collapse, cites Trump rollback . March 13, 2023 . Reuters.
News: Diamond . Jeremy . Fox . Lauren . Zanona . Melanie . Mattingly . Phil . Saenz . Arlette . Liptak . Kevin . June 1, 2023 . Inside a debt ceiling standoff 'far more dangerous than people will recognize' . CNN . June 11, 2023.
News: Megerian . Chris . June 3, 2023 . Biden signs debt ceiling bill that pulls US back from brink of unprecedented default . Associated Press News . June 11, 2023.
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News: Raymond . Nate . December 28, 2021 . Biden finishes 2021 with most confirmed judicial picks since Reagan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220201053907/https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/biden-finishes-2021-with-most-confirmed-judicial-picks-since-reagan-2021-12-28/ . February 1, 2022 . February 1, 2022 . Reuters.
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News: Chung . Andrew . Hurley . Lawrence . Holland . Steve . January 28, 2022 . Biden vows to nominate Black woman to U.S. Supreme Court by end of February . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220202194132/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/retiring-us-justice-breyer-appear-with-biden-white-house-2022-01-27/ . February 2, 2022 . February 1, 2022 . Reuters.
February 25, 2022 . President Biden Nominates Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to Serve as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court . . February 26, 2022 . February 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220228102827/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/25/president-biden-nominates-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-to-serve-as-associate-justice-of-the-u-s-supreme-court/ . live.
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News: Holland . Steve . Renshaw . Jarrett . March 31, 2021 . Biden says $2 trillion jobs plan rivals the space race in its ambition . . live . November 24, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210413130443/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-infrastructure-idUSKBN2BN13C . April 13, 2021.
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Web site: Pramuk . Jacob . August 11, 2021 . Senate approves framework of $3.5 trillion budget plan that would expand Medicare, tax credits and climate initiatives . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220411025307/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/11/senate-passes-3point5-trillion-budget-resolution-after-infrastructure-bill.html . April 11, 2022 . April 13, 2022 . CNBC.
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News: Dennis . Brady . August 14, 2022 . As Congress funds high-tech climate solutions, it also bets on a low-tech one: Nature . . August 29, 2022.
News: Bose . Nandita . Holland . Steve . August 17, 2022 . Biden signs inflation act, hands pen to Manchin . Reuters . August 21, 2022.
News: Walters . Joanna . Helmore . Edward . July 31, 2022 . Joe Manchin hails expansive bill he finally agrees to as 'great for America' . . August 21, 2022.
News: Greve . Joan E. . August 7, 2022 . Senate passes $739bn healthcare and climate bill after months of wrangling . . August 21, 2022.
News: E Greve . Joan . August 12, 2022 . US House passes Democrats' landmark healthcare and climate bill . . August 14, 2022.
News: Pitas . Costas . August 13, 2022 . Biden to sign $430 billion climate and tax bill into law next week . Reuters . August 14, 2022.
News: Shabad . Rebecca . Egan . Lauren . August 16, 2022 . Biden signs major climate, health care and tax bill into law . August 16, 2022 . NBC News.
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News: Biden pledges to double U.S. climate change aid; some activists unimpressed . Valerie . Volcovici . September 29, 2021 . Reuters . September 21, 2021 . September 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210925130818/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/us-seeks-double-climate-change-aid-developing-nations-biden-2021-09-21/ . live.
News: COP26: Cautious welcome for unexpected US-China climate agreement . November 15, 2021 . BBC . November 11, 2021 . November 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161429/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59243434 . live.
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News: Biden sets new target to protect vast US water sources . Reuters . 23 April 2024.
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News: January 26, 2024 . Illegal border crossings from Mexico reach highest on record in December before January lull . Associated Press News.
News: January 2, 2024 . Migrant encounters along southwest border reach all-time high of 302,000 . ABC News.
News: December 29, 2023 . December migrant surge at Southern border largest in more than two decades as mayors call for action . CNN.
Web site: February 14, 2024 . Migrant encounters at the U.S.-Mexico border hit a record high at the end of 2023 . Pew Research Center.
News: Debusmann . Bernd Jr. . Three reasons why so many migrants want to cross from Mexico to US . BBC . February 7, 2024.
Web site: Gramlich . John . 2023 ended with more migrant encounters at U.S.-Mexico border than any month on record . Pew Research Center . February 15, 2024.
News: July 1, 2024 . Illegal crossings at U.S.-Mexico border fall to 3-year low, the lowest level under Biden . CBS News.
News: April 30, 2024 . A quieter border eases pressure on Biden, with a hand from Mexico . The Washington Post.
News: June 26, 2024 . Biden border restrictions bring sharp drop in illegal crossings . The Washington Post.
News: Alvarez . Priscilla . December 19, 2024 . Biden carried out the highest level of deportations since 2014, new report says . December 21, 2024 . CNN.
News: January 22, 2024 . Biden administration has admitted more than 1 million migrants into U.S. under parole policy Congress is considering restricting . CBS News.
News: March 11, 2024. What Is Humanitarian Parole? How an Obscure Biden Immigration Policy Became So Controversial . The Wall Street Journal.
News: March 8, 2024. Program that allows 30,000 migrants from 4 countries into the US each month upheld by judge . Associated Press News.
News: Jacobson . Don . Biden voices support for Senate border bill with new 'emergency' powers . . January 27, 2024 . July 11, 2024.
News: Montoya-Galvez . Camilo . Brennan . Margaret . Escobedo . Richard . Biden and senators on verge of striking immigration deal aimed at clamping down on illegal border crossings . . January 28, 2024 . July 11, 2024.
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News: Scholtes . Jennifer . Emma . Caitlin . Detention and that border 'shutdown': What's really in Biden's bipartisan immigration deal . . February 5, 2024 . July 11, 2024.
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News: Kapur . Sahil . Wong . Scott . Tsirkin . Julie . Ainsley . Julia . Senators unveil bipartisan bill to impose tougher asylum and border laws . . February 4, 2024 . July 11, 2024.
News: Groves . Stephen . Biden urges Congress to embrace border bill. But House speaker suggests it may be 'dead on arrival' . . January 26, 2024 . July 11, 2024.
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News: Olivares . José . December 5, 2024 . Revealed: Biden lays groundwork to expand immigration jails as Trump readies for office . December 5, 2024 . The Guardian . 0261-3077.
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Daniels . Eugene . Fertig . Natalie . October 6, 2022 . Biden pardons marijuana offenses, calls for review of federal law . October 8, 2022 . Politico.
Web site: Shivaram . Deepa . Biden expands pardons for marijuana possession and grants clemency to 11 . . December 22, 2023.
Web site: Miller . Zeke . Biden pardons thousands convicted of marijuana charges on federal lands and in Washington . . December 22, 2023.
Web site: Long . Colleen . Biden commutes roughly 1,500 sentences and pardons 39 people in biggest single-day act of clemency . . December 12, 2024 . December 14, 2024.
Web site: Keith . Tamara . Shivaram . Deepa . Biden commutes sentences for 1,500 people. Some say he could do a lot more . . December 13, 2024 . December 14, 2024.
News: Victims 'shocked' after Biden grants clemency to 'kids-for-cash' judge and $54 million embezzler . . December 13, 2024.
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News: Biden sparks outrage with last-minute commutation of man convicted of killing FBI agents . ABC News . 20 January 2024.
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News: 2 December 2024 . We haven't seen a pardon as sweeping as Hunter Biden's in generations . Politico.
Miller . Zeke . Richer . Alanna Durkin . Long . Colleen . December 2, 2024 . President Biden Pardons Son Hunter After Previously Saying He Wouldn't . December 2, 2024 . Time . Associated Press.
News: Viser . Matt . Joe Biden pardons his son Hunter . December 2, 2024 . The Washington Post.
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News: December 2, 2024 . How Biden Changed His Mind on Pardoning Hunter: 'Time to End All of This' . The New York Times.
News: Morin . Rebecca . President Biden pardons his son Hunter Biden despite pledges not to . December 2, 2024 . USA Today.
Web site: December 2, 2024 . Judge Scuppered Hunter Biden Plea Deal, Not Political Pressure . The New York Times.
News: Marshall . Cohen . Betsy . Klein . December 2, 2024 . President Biden pardons his son Hunter Biden . December 2, 2024 . CNN.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden in Final Hours Pardons Relatives and Others to Thwart Trump Reprisals . The New York Times.
News: 20 January 2025 . President Biden pardons family members in final minutes of presidency . ABC.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden pardons family members minutes before leaving office . Axios.
News: 20 January 2025 . Joe Biden pardons several family members . Politico.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden pardons his family in final minutes in office . CNBC.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden pardons Fauci, Milley and the Jan. 6 panel. It's a guard against potential 'revenge' by Trump . Associated Press.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden Pardons 5 Members of His Family in Final Minutes in Office . The New York Times.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden pardons former Ky. Democratic Party leader moments before leaving office . WKYT.
News: 20 January 2025 . Former Columbia councilman Cromartie, previously jailed for tax evasion, pardoned by Biden . The State.
News: O'Keefe . Ed . Cook . Sara . September 2, 2022 . Biden delivers prime-time speech on the "battle for the soul of the nation" in Philadelphia . . October 14, 2022.
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News: Prakash . Nidhi . Joe Biden Blamed Afghan Leaders For Giving Up As The Taliban Took Control . August 17, 2021 . . August 16, 2021 . October 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211008133113/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nidhiprakash/biden-afghanistan-speech-taliban-take-over . live.
News: Edmondson . Catie . Lawmakers Unite in Bipartisan Fury Over Afghanistan Withdrawal . The New York Times . March 1, 2022 . August 16, 2021 . August 16, 2021 . https://archive.today/20210816201146/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/us/politics/afghanistan-withdrawal-congress.html . live.
Seligman . Lara . Top generals contradict Biden, say they urged him not to withdraw from Afghanistan . . September 28, 2021 . March 1, 2022 . September 29, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210929165155/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/28/top-generals-afghanistan-withdrawal-congress-hearing-514491 . live.
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News: Blake . Aaron . Biden says the 'buck stops with me' — while pinning blame on Trump and many Afghans . August 17, 2021 . . August 16, 2021 . August 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210817153113/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/08/16/biden-says-buck-stops-with-me-while-pinning-blame-trump-lots-afghans/ . live.
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News: Stewart . Phil . Ali . Idrees . U.S. says Kabul drone strike killed 10 civilians, including children, in 'tragic mistake' . September 19, 2021 . . September 19, 2021 . September 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210921115447/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-military-says-10-civilians-killed-kabul-drone-strike-last-month-2021-09-17/ . live.
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News: US aid is still vital to Afghanistan . Le Monde . 28 August 2024.
News: US aid vetting failures may have benefited militants in Afghanistan, watchdog finds . Reuters . 17 July 2024.
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News: Shear . Michael D. . Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . Rogers . Katie . February 28, 2022 . 10 Consequential Days: How Biden Navigated War, Covid and the Supreme Court . The New York Times . March 17, 2022 . 0362-4331 . March 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220321104514/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/us/politics/biden-ukraine-covid-supreme-court.html . live.
News: Parker . Ashley . Harris . Shane . Birnbaum . Michael . Hudson . John . February 25, 2022 . 13 days: Inside Biden's last-ditch attempts to stop Putin in Ukraine . . March 16, 2022 . February 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220226045105/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/25/inside-biden-putin-ukraine/ . live.
News: Mason . Jeff . Bose . Nandita . March 16, 2022 . Biden calls Putin a 'war criminal,' sending more weapons to Ukraine . Reuters . March 18, 2022 . March 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220319080135/https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announce-new-security-assistance-ukraine-after-signing-massive-spending-2022-03-16/ . live.
News: War in Ukraine: U.S. dramatically upgrades its aid package to Kyiv . Piotr . Smolar . . April 29, 2022 . June 18, 2022 . May 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510001810/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/29/war-in-ukraine-u-s-dramatically-upgrades-its-aid-package-to-kyiv_5981990_4.html . live.
News: April 29, 2022 . Biden seeks $33B for Ukraine, signaling long-term commitment . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press . Alan . Fram . Zeke . Miller . Aamer . Madhani.
News: House approves $40B in Ukraine aid, beefing up Biden request . Alan . Fram . . May 11, 2022 . June 18, 2022 . May 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220511000720/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-biden-europe-0ac5c758d32dbea64c437b50e829bbb2 . live.
News: Sonmez . Felicia . Jeong . Andrew . May 10, 2022 . House approves nearly $40 billion in aid to Ukraine as it fights off Russian aggression . May 11, 2024 . The Washington Post.
News: Zengerle . Patricia . May 19, 2022 . After delay, U.S. Senate overwhelmingly approves $40 billion in Ukraine aid . May 11, 2024 . Reuters.
News: Biden blames 'Putin's invasion of Ukraine' for rising gas, food prices globally . . April 2, 2022 . Shubhangi . Gupta. June 18, 2022 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516164119/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/biden-blames-putin-s-invasion-of-ukraine-for-rising-gas-food-prices-globally-101648873914167.html . live.
News: Ukraine war: Hungry Africans are victims of the conflict, Macky Sall tells Vladimir Putin . BBC News . June 3, 2022 . June 18, 2022 . June 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220611165237/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61685383 . live.
News: Holland . Steve . Nichols . Michelle . September 21, 2022 . Biden accuses Putin of irresponsible nuclear threats, violating U.N. charter . live . May 11, 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240511024035/https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announce-29-bln-food-security-funding-during-un-speech-white-house-2022-09-21/ . May 11, 2024.
News: February 20, 2023 . Luke . Harding . 'This is a part of history': Kyiv citizens delighted by Joe Biden's surprise visit . February 20, 2023 . The Guardian.
News: February 20, 2023 . Child . David . Putin's war plans 'plain wrong', Biden says in Ukraine . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230220123823/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/2/20/russia-ukraine-live-russia-suffering-extraordinary-losses . February 20, 2023 . February 20, 2023 . Al Jazeera Arabic.
News: Vucci . Evan . Leicester . John . Madhani . Aamar . Miller . Zeke . February 21, 2023 . Biden declares 'Kyiv stands' in surprise visit to Ukraine . May 16, 2024 . Associated Press.
News: Liptak . Kevin . February 20, 2023 . Biden makes surprise visit to Ukraine for first time since full-scale war began . May 16, 2024 . CNN . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240709034549/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/20/politics/biden-ukraine-zelensky-visit-one-year-war-anniversary-intl-hnk/index.html . July 9, 2024.
News: $113 billion: Where the US investment in Ukraine aid has gone . CNN . September 21, 2023 . Zachary B. . Wolf . https://web.archive.org/web/20240505224731/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/21/politics/war-funding-ukraine-what-matters/index.html . live . May 5, 2024 . 13 August 2024 .
News: The White House is asking for almost $106 billion for Israel, Ukraine and the border . NPR . October 26, 2023 . Deepa . Shivaram . 13 August 2024 .
Web site: Zengerle . Patricia . Cowan . Richard . US Congress passes Ukraine aid after months of delay . . April 23, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Williams . Michael . Saenz . Arlette . Liptak . Kevin . Biden signs foreign aid bill providing crucial military assistance to Ukraine . . April 30, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Myre . Greg . Biden signs $95 billion military aid package for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan . . April 24, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Holland . Steve . Pamuk . Humeyra . Stewart . Phil . Biden allows Ukraine limited use of US arms to strike inside Russia, say US officials . . May 30, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Bushard . Brian . Biden Will Let Ukraine Strike Inside Russia With U.S. Weapons—But Only In One Region . . May 30, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Biden allows Ukraine to hit some targets in Russia with US weapons . . May 30, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Biden maintains limit on Ukrainian strikes despite Zelensky's push . The Hill . 11 July 2024.
News: Ralph . Jennings . US Beefs Up South Pacific Aid, Diplomacy as China Spreads Its Influence . July 13, 2022 . July 18, 2022 . Voice of America.
News: May 24, 2022 . In meeting with Biden, Australia's Albanese recalls colourful first trip to U.S. . . Kirsty . Needham . July 18, 2022.
Web site: What the China-Solomon Islands Pact Means for the U.S. and South Pacific . May 4, 2022 . Zongyuan Zoe . Liu . July 18, 2022 . Council on Foreign Relations.
Web site: John . Ruwitch . Biden, again, says U.S. would help Taiwan if China attacks . NPR . 19 September 2022 . January 29, 2023.
Kine . Phelim . Biden leaves no doubt: 'Strategic ambiguity' toward Taiwan is dead . . September 19, 2022 . January 29, 2023.
Web site: A bristling China says Biden remarks on Taiwan 'severely violate' U.S. policy . . September 19, 2022 . January 29, 2023.
News: Analysis Biden's most hawkish comments on Taiwan yet . 19 September 2022 . The Washington Post . January 28, 2023 . Aaron . Blake.
News: Taylor . Adam . Analysis Three theories on Biden's repeated Taiwan gaffes . 24 May 2022 . The Washington Post . January 29, 2023.
Joe Biden Keeps Being More Hawkish on Taiwan Than His Administration Wants to Be . Eric . Lutz . Vanity Fair . January 29, 2023 . September 19, 2022.
Bade . Gavin . 'A sea change': Biden reverses decades of Chinese trade policy . December 30, 2022 . . December 26, 2022.
News: Baldor . Lolita C. . Copp . Tara . China balloon: Many questions about suspected spy in the sky . . February 4, 2023 . February 9, 2023 . February 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230209010911/https://apnews.com/article/politics-united-states-government-antony-blinken-china-b1b03193b7abeb7bbeca169bbc7c2c53 . live.
Web site: F-22 Safely Shoots Down Chinese Spy Balloon Off South Carolina Coast . Garamone . Jim . February 4, 2023 . . February 12, 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230211012305/https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3288543/f-22-safely-shoots-down-chinese-spy-balloon-off-south-carolina-coast/ . February 11, 2023 . A U.S. Air Force fighter safely shot down a Chinese high-altitude surveillance balloon today, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III said in a written statement..
News: Hudson . John . Nakashima . Ellen . Lamothe . Dan . February 9, 2023 . U.S. declassifies balloon intelligence, calls out China for spying . . live . limited . February 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210005507/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/09/chinese-balloon-surveillance-program/ . February 10, 2023.
News: Lee . Matthew . February 4, 2023 . Chinese balloon soars across US; Blinken scraps Beijing trip . live . . February 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230205001417/https://apnews.com/article/politics-antony-blinken-china-314302278a5f05bdc2df146ed5b35ec6 . February 5, 2023.
News: Swire . Sonnet . February 4, 2023 . What to know about the suspected Chinese spy balloon . May 16, 2024 . CNN.
News: Pamuk . Humeyra . Ali . Idrees . Martina . Michael . Ali . Idrees . February 4, 2023 . September 30, 2023 . Blinken postpones China trip over 'unacceptable' Chinese spy balloon . Reuters .
News: Cadell . Cate . Hudson . John . Abutaleb . Yasmeen . Blinken postpones China trip as suspected spy balloon detected over U.S. . . 3 February 2023 . limited . February 5, 2023.
News: Hansler . Jennifer . Liptak . Kevin . Herb . Jeremy . Atwood . Kylie . Sciutto . Kylie . Liebermann . Oren . February 3, 2023 . Blinken postpones trip to Beijing after Chinese spy balloon spotted over US, officials say . . live . February 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230204022758/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/03/politics/china-us-balloon-intl/index.html . February 4, 2023.
News: Boak . Josh . Hussein . Fatima . Wiseman . Paul . Tang . Didi . May 14, 2024 . Biden hikes tariffs on Chinese EVs, solar cells, steel, aluminum — and snipes at Trump . May 16, 2024 . Associated Press.
Web site: Lawler . Richard . 2025-01-19 . TikTok is down in the US . 2025-01-19 . The Verge . en.
Web site: 2025-01-19 . TikTok makes app unavailable for U.S. users ahead of ban . 2025-01-19 . NBC News . en.
Web site: RedNote: Americans and Chinese share jokes on 'alternative TikTok' as US ban looms . 2025-01-19 . www.bbc.com . en-GB.
News: Wong . Edward . Mazzetti . Mark . Nereim . Vivian . October 9, 2023 . U.S. Continues Push for Saudi-Israel Ties Even as War With Hamas Begins . The New York Times . October 31, 2023 . 0362-4331.
News: Baker . Peter . October 10, 2023 . In Unforgiving Terms, Biden Condemns 'Evil' and 'Abhorrent' Attack on Israel . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231012001950/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/us/politics/biden-israel-hamas.html . October 12, 2023 . October 12, 2023 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
News: Collinson . Stephen . October 18, 2023 . What Biden did and didn't achieve during his trip to Israel . October 31, 2023 . CNN.
News: Demirjian . Karoun . October 20, 2023 . Details of Biden's $105 Billion Funding Request for Israel and Ukraine . The New York Times . October 31, 2023 . 0362-4331.
News: Shear . Michael D. . Sanger . David E. . Wong . Edward . October 30, 2023 . Biden's Support for Israel Now Comes With Words of Caution . The New York Times . October 31, 2023 . 0362-4331.
News: Bendery . Jennifer . Joe Biden On The Chances Of A Gaza Cease-Fire: 'None. No Possibility.' . HuffPost . November 9, 2023.
News: November 9, 2023 . Israel agrees to 4-hour daily pauses in Gaza fighting to allow civilians to flee, White House says . November 13, 2023 . Associated Press News . Aamer . Madhani . Zeke . Miller . Ellen . Knickmeyer.
Web site: March 7, 2024 . Biden Ordering US Military to Build Port in Gaza to Facilitate Aid . April 29, 2024 . Voice of America . Patsy . Widakuswara.
News: Spetalnick . Matt . Mason . Jeff . Holland . Steve . Zengerle . Patricia . October 23, 2023 . January 6, 2024 . 'I am a Zionist': How Joe Biden's lifelong bond with Israel shapes war policy . Reuters.
News: December 12, 2023 . January 6, 2024 . 'I am a Zionist,' says Biden at Hanukkah event, promises continued military assistance to Israel . The Times of Israel.
News: April 10, 2024 . Biden pressure on Israel not enough, say dissenting US officials . July 4, 2024 . Tom . Bateman . BBC News.
News: Biden: What's happening in Gaza 'is not genocide' . Politico . Elena . Schneider . Jennifer . Haberkorn . Eli . Stokols . May 20, 2024.
News: Dozens of former U.S. officials urge Biden to take harder line with Israel . Reuters . March 21, 2024.
News: Ewing . Giselle Ruhiyyih . March 2, 2024 . Gaza airdrop has begun, Biden says, but more needed . March 7, 2024 . Politico.
News: March 2, 2024 . US military aircraft airdrop thousands of meals into Gaza in emergency humanitarian aid operation . March 7, 2024 . Associated Press . Tara . Copp . Seung . Min Kim.
News: Airdropping aid is inefficient — so why is the U.S. doing it in Gaza anyway? . . March 6, 2024 . Ari . Shapiro . Linah . Mohammad . Elena . Burnett.
Web site: Jones . Jeffrey . March 27, 2024 . Majority in U.S. Now Disapprove of Israeli Action in Gaza . April 3, 2024 . Gallup Inc..
News: December 21, 2023 . Biden threatened by generation gap on Israel among Democrats, Yahoo News/YouGov poll finds . March 2, 2024 . . Andrew . Romano.
Web site: Jennings . Rebecca . December 13, 2023 . TikTok isn't creating false support for Palestine. It's just reflecting what's already there. . March 1, 2024 . Vox.
News: Astor . Maggie . April 30, 2024 . College Democrats Back Protests and Criticize Biden's Israel Policy . May 1, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
Web site: Berg . Matt . Ward . Alexander . Hamas no longer poses major threat to Israel, Biden says . . May 31, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Khalid . Asma . President Biden unveils and endorses details of a new Israeli cease-fire proposal . . May 31, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Singh . Kanishka . What's in the new Israel ceasefire proposal Biden announced? . . May 31, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Magid . Jacob . 'Time for this war to end': Biden tells Hamas to accept Israel's hostage-ceasefire offer . . June 1, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Holland . Steve . Mackenzie . James . Biden details Gaza truce proposal, Hamas responds positively . . June 1, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
News: Brown . Benjamin . Tanno . Sophie . Netanyahu says no Gaza ceasefire until Israel's war aims are achieved, raising questions over Biden peace proposal . . June 1, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
News: Berman . Lazar . Israeli official to ToI: Under proposal, Israel can achieve all war goals before permanent ceasefire takes effect . . June 1, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
News: Madhani . Aamer . Megerian . Chris . Superville . Darlene . Biden details a 3-phase hostage deal aimed at winding down the Israel-Hamas war . . May 31, 2023 . June 2, 2024.
News: Knickmeyer . Ellen . US spends a record $17.9 billion on military aid to Israel since last Oct. 7 . 10 November 2024 . . 7 October 2024 . en.
News: Ching . Nike . Blinken announces $135M in additional US aid for Palestinians . 10 December 2024 . . 24 October 2024 . en.
Web site: Statement From President Biden: January 15, 2025. 15 January 2025. The White House. January 15, 2025.
Web site: Israel and Hamas agree to Gaza ceasefire, hostage deal . 15 January 2025 . NBC News . 15 January 2025.
Web site: Holland . Steve . Biden shows support for Sweden's NATO bid in talks with PM . . July 5, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Holland . Steve . Mason . Jeff . Biden cheers Finland, Sweden NATO plans as Turkey balks . . May 19, 2022 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Mason . Jeff . Zengerle . Patricia . Biden signs documents of U.S. support for Sweden, Finland to join NATO . . August 9, 2022 . April 30, 2024.
News: August 9, 2022 . Biden formalizes US support for Finland, Sweden joining NATO . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press . Zeke . Miller.
Web site: John . Tara . Finland joins NATO, doubling military alliance's border with Russia in a blow for Putin . . April 4, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
News: Pettypiece . Shannon . Biden meets with heads of Finland, Sweden in show of support for NATO membership . . May 19, 2022 . April 30, 2024.
News: Min Kim . Seung . Megerian . Chris . Tanner . Jari . Biden proclaims NATO alliance 'more united than ever' in contrast to predecessor Trump . . July 12, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Martinez . A . Khalid . Asma . Biden is in Europe to focus on U.S. alliances and NATO expansion . . July 10, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Klein . Betsy . Assurances that Ukraine's future is in NATO and new security guarantees calm worries at final day of summit . . July 12, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Liptak . Kevin . Hansler . Jennifer . Biden holding firm on Ukraine joining NATO . . June 14, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
News: Collins . Phil . Mattingly . Evan . Perez . Maegan . Vazquez . Kevin . Liptak . Kaitlan . January 11, 2023 . Biden's legal team found another batch of classified documents in search of second location . January 12, 2023 . CNN.
News: Baker . Peter . Savage . Charlie . Thrush . Glenn . Goldman . Adam . January 10, 2023 . Biden Lawyers Found Classified Material at His Former Office . January 12, 2023 . The New York Times.
News: Timeline of the Biden Documents Case: What We Know So Far. Shpigel. Ben. January 12, 2023. The New York Times. January 14, 2023. January 14, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230114124700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/us/politics/biden-documents-timeline.html. live.
News: Chowdhury . Maureen . Hammond . Elise . Meyer . Matt . Sangal . Aditi . January 12, 2023 . Garland lays out timeline of investigation into Biden classified documents so far . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113030157/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/garland-attorney-general-statement-01-12-23/h_d0728a48029a6407e468b05806963497 . January 13, 2023 . January 12, 2023 . CNN.
News: Savage . Charlie . January 12, 2023 . Second Set of Classified Documents Were Found at Biden's Wilmington Home, White House Says . January 12, 2023 . The New York Times.
News: Diaz . Adriana . Triay . Andres . Farhi . Arden . January 9, 2023 . U.S. attorney reviewing documents marked classified from Joe Biden's vice presidency found at Biden think tank . March 12, 2024 . CBS News.
Farley, Robert (January 19, 2023). Timeline of Biden's Classified Documents. FactCheck.org.
News: Johnson . Carrie . January 12, 2023 . A special counsel will probe government documents at Biden's home and private office . NPR . January 12, 2023.
News: Shear . Michael D. . Rogers . Katie . January 22, 2023 . Investigators Seize More Classified Documents From Biden's Home . January 22, 2023 . The New York Times.
News: FBI found no classified documents in search of Biden home in Rehoboth, lawyer says. Mangan. Dan. February 1, 2023. CNBC. February 16, 2023.
News: Rebecca . Beitsch . Brett . Samuels . February 8, 2024 . Special counsel finds Biden 'willfully' retained classified documents, no charges filed . The Hill . February 9, 2024 . February 8, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240208201505/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/4456524-special-counsel-biden-classified-documents-probe-no-charges/ . live.
News: Sforza . Lauren . New GOP Oversight chair launches probes into Biden finances, Hunter Biden laptop story . The Hill . January 11, 2023 . January 12, 2023 . January 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230112174111/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3808729-new-gop-oversight-chair-asks-treasury-for-biden-family-financial-information/ . live.
News: Wolf . Zachary B. . Here's what to know about GOP claims of a Biden scandal . CNN . June 9, 2023.
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Web site: Zanona . Melania . Tablot . Haley . Fox . Lauren . Grayer . Annie . McCarthy calls for formal impeachment inquiry into Biden amid pressure from conservatives . CNN . September 12, 2023 . September 12, 2023.
Cortellessa . Eric . McCarthy Lacks the Votes For an Impeachment Inquiry. Trump's Allies Have a Plan to Get Them. . . September 8, 2023.
News: Griffing . Alex . 'He Doesn't Have Enough Votes': CNN's Manu Raju Explains Why McCarthy Backtracked on Impeachment Vote . . September 12, 2023.
News: Broadwater . Luke . House Republican Report Finds No Evidence of Wrongdoing by President Biden . The New York Times . May 10, 2023.
News: Demirjian . Karoun . Republicans Are Divided on Impeaching Biden as Panel Begins New Inquiry . The New York Times . July 4, 2023.
News: How a fight over immunity unraveled Hunter Biden's plea deal . The Washington Post . August 17, 2023. Perry . Stein . Devlin . Barrett . Matt . Viser.
Otten . Tori . McCarthy Plans Biden Impeachment Inquiry—With No Evidence and Not Enough Votes . The New Republic . September 12, 2023.
News: Brooks . Emily . Biden impeachment inquiry risks backfiring on House GOP . The Hill . December 17, 2023 . December 17, 2023.
News: Diver . Tony . Staff . Our Foreign . December 13, 2023 . US House votes to open Biden impeachment inquiry . The Daily Telegraph . December 15, 2023 . 0307-1235.
News: Rebecca Beitsch . Emily Brooks . December 13, 2023 . House formally approves Biden impeachment inquiry . December 14, 2023 . The Hill.
Web site: Delaney . Arthur . February 15, 2024 . Justice Department Charges FBI Informant With Falsely Alleging Joe Biden Paid Bribes . February 15, 2024 . HuffPost . February 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215224018/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/alexander-smirnov-joe-biden-bribe_n_65ce83d9e4b043f1c0aa7d26 . live .
News: Rabinowitz . Hannah . February 20, 2024 . Indicted ex-FBI informant told investigators he got Hunter Biden dirt from Russian intelligence officials . CNN . February 21, 2024 . February 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240221020240/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/20/politics/biden-former-fbi-informant-russian-intelligence/index.html . live .
News: Informant charged with lies about Bidens also claimed Russian contacts, feds say . The Washington Post . February 20, 2024 . Barrett . Devlin . 0190-8286 . March 1, 2024 . March 2, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240302220625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/02/20/hunter-biden-smirnov-lying-indictment-lowell/ . live .
News: Mascaro . Lisa . Republicans make last-ditch request for Biden to testify as impeachment inquiry winds down . Associated Press . March 20, 2024 . May 13, 2024 . May 13, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240513055832/https://apnews.com/article/biden-impeachment-hunter-biden-comer-f09ba1ae3b7bda703a5a84530f56d70f . live .
- News: Klein . Betsy . November 20, 2023 . Biden's birthday prompts debate about age and wisdom of America's oldest president . March 30, 2024 . CNN.
- News: Baker . Peter . November 19, 2023 . For an Aging President, a Birthday With a Bite . March 30, 2024 . The New York Times.
- News: 8 July 2024 . How Biden's Inner Circle Worked to Keep Signs of Aging Under Wraps . WSJ.
- News: 5 July 2024 . Biden's aging is seen as accelerating; lapses described as more common . The Washington Post.
- News: 2 July 2024 . Biden's Lapses Are Said to Be Increasingly Common and Worrisome . NYT.
- News: 30 July 2024 . Top aides shielded Biden from staff, but couldn't hide the debate . Axios.
News: December 19, 2024 . December 29, 2024 . How the White House Functioned With a Diminished Biden in Charge . The Wall Street Journal.
News: 17 January 2025 . How Biden's Inner Circle Protected a Faltering President . The New York Times.
News: Salvanto . Anthony . Backus . Fred . Pinto . Jennifer De . Khanna . Kabir . July 1, 2024 . Increasing numbers of voters don't think Biden should be running after debate with Trump — CBS News poll . CBS News . August 14, 2024.
News: 2 July 2024. Biden's mental fitness could have been better covered leading up to the debate, some White House reporters acknowledge . CNN .
- News: Siegel . Dr. Marc . Should the nation be concerned about Biden's cognitive abilities? . The Hill.
- News: Stolberg . Sheryl Gay . November 19, 2022 . President Biden Is Turning 80. Experts Say Age Is More Than a Number. . The New York Times . September 13, 2023 . 0362-4331.
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News: Biden Admits He Might Be Too Old To Have Served Another Term . Forbes . January 8, 2025.
Web site: No charge for Biden over classified documents but report questions memory . February 8, 2024 . . Max . Matza . January 1, 2025 . February 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240209073525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68245617 . live .
News: Wingrove . Josh . Sink . Justin . July 21, 2022 . Biden Tests Positive for Covid, Has Mild Symptoms, White House Says . July 21, 2022 . Bloomberg News.
News: July 22, 2022. Biden tests positive for COVID-19, has 'very mild symptoms' . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press.
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News: Liptak . Kevin . Klein . Betsy . Sullivan . Kate . July 27, 2022 . Biden 'feeling great' and back to work in person after testing negative for Covid-19 . July 30, 2022 . CNN.
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News: July 30, 2022 . Biden tests positive for COVID-19, returns to isolation . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press . Zeke . Miller . Josh . Boak.
News: July 17, 2024 . Biden tests positive for Covid-19 . July 17, 2024 . . Lebowitz . Megan.
News: July 17, 2024 . President Joe Biden has tested positive for Covid-19 . July 17, 2024 . . Donald . Judd . Sam . Fossum . https://web.archive.org/web/20240717221451/https://www.cnn.com/2024/07/17/politics/joe-biden-tests-positive-covid-19/index.html . July 17, 2024 . live.
News: Why the 2024 Race Is Eerily Quiet. Martin . Jonathan . Politico. December 13, 2022. July 26, 2023.
News: Biden likely to announce 2024 reelection bid not long after State of the Union address . Cordes . Nancy . O'Keefe . Ed . Gomez . Fin . CBS. January 19, 2023 . July 26, 2023.
News: Miller . Zeke . April 25, 2023 . Biden announces 2024 reelection bid: 'Let's finish this job' . . April 25, 2023.
News: Jones . Jeffrey M. . April 27, 2023 . Biden Begins Reelection Bid at Low Point in His Presidency . July 26, 2023 . Gallup Inc..
June 22, 2023 . Bidenomics: President Biden and Congressional Democrats' Plan to Grow the Economy from the Bottom Up and Middle Out, Not the Top Down, Is Delivering for the American People . https://web.archive.org/web/20230626120055/https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/WH-Bidenomics-Deck-6.22.23.pdf. dead. June 26, 2023. . June 28, 2023.
News: Eyes on 2024: Bidenomics back on the campaign trail . Marquez . Alexandra . Bowman . Bridget . Kamisar . Ben . . July 20, 2023 . July 26, 2023.
News: 'It's Time to Finish the Job,' Biden Tells Union Workers as He Starts '24 Race. Peter . Baker . The New York Times. April 25, 2023. January 7, 2024.
News: Lemire . Jonathan . February 7, 2023 . Biden urges GOP lawmakers to 'finish the job' and takes a few swipes at them too . May 11, 2024 . Politico.
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News: South Carolina Democratic Primary Results . The New York Times . February 3, 2024 . February 4, 2024.
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News: Super Tuesday Results: Key Races to Watch . 13 August 2024 . The New York Times . March 5, 2024.
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Web site: March 6, 2024 . Dean Phillips ends presidential campaign and endorses Biden. December 4, 2024 . NBC News . Shabad, Rebecca . Egwuonwu, Nnamdi.
News: Schneider. Elena. Biden officially clinches Democratic nomination for president. 13 August 2024 . Politico. March 12, 2024.
News: March 12, 2024 . How Biden won enough delegates for another Democratic presidential nomination . Robert . Yoon . Maya . Sweedler . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press.
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News: June 27, 2024 . A halting Biden tries to confront Trump at debate but stirs Democratic panic about his candidacy . Zeke . Miller . Michelle L. . Price . Will . Weissert . Bill . Barrow . Darlene . Superville . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628073822/https://apnews.com/article/bidentrumppresidentialdebate-0e7577e9a354a69f50675494fea54ca9 . June 28, 2024 . June 28, 2024 . Associated Press News.
News: Kashinsky . Lisa . Cancryn . Adam . Daniels . Eugene . June 28, 2024 . Dems freak out over Biden's debate performance: 'Biden is toast' . June 28, 2024 . Politico . June 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628024715/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/06/27/biden-debate-opening-concerns-00165595 . live .
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News: Rappeport. Alan. Who Won the Debate? Biden Stumbles Left Trump on Top. The New York Times. June 27, 2024. June 28, 2024. June 28, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240628230244/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/27/us/politics/biden-trump-debate-who-won.html. live.
News: Potas. Dace. Republicans deserve the version of Trump we saw during the debate. Too bad it won't last.. USA Today. June 28, 2024. June 28, 2024. June 28, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240628230346/https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/columnist/2024/06/28/trump-won-debate-biden-failed/74241366007/. live.
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News: Who Won The First Biden-Trump Presidential Debate? . Aaron . Bycoffe . Amina . Brown . Nathaniel . Rakich. FiveThirtyEight. June 28, 2024. June 28, 2024. June 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240627224514/https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-trump-june-debate-poll/. live.
Web site: Allen . Jonathan . Some Democrats start calling for Biden to step aside and 'throw in the towel' on 2024 . June 28, 2024 . NBC News . June 29, 2024.
News: June 28, 2024 . To Serve His Country, President Biden Should Leave the Race . June 28, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . June 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628220351/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/28/opinion/biden-election-debate-trump.html . live .
News: June 30, 2024 . These major media outlets have called for Biden to drop out . Nick . Robertson . July 1, 2024 . The Hill.
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JoeBiden . 1815080881981190320 . 13 August 2024 . My Fellow Americans . July 21, 2024 . Biden . Joseph R. Jr..
News: Wynder . Ehren . Schrader . Adam . July 21, 2024 . Biden ends his presidential re-election campaign . July 21, 2024 . United Press International.
JoeBiden . 1815087772216303933. My fellow Democrats, I have decided not to accept the nomination and to focus all my energies on my duties as President for the remainder of my term. My very first decision as the party nominee in 2020 was to pick Kamala Harris as my Vice President. And it's been the best decision I've made. Today I want to offer my full support and endorsement for Kamala to be the nominee of our party this year. Democrats — it's time to come together and beat Trump. Let's do this. . July 21, 2024 . Biden . Joseph R. Jr..
News: Shear . Michael D. . July 21, 2024 . Live Updates: Biden Drops Out of Presidential Race, Endorses Harris . July 21, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
News: Mason . Jeff . Renshaw . Jarrett . Singh . Kanishka . Biden drops reelection bid, backs Harris to top Democratic ticket . July 21, 2024 . Reuters . July 21, 2024.
News: Schrader . Adam . Moran . Mark . July 21, 2024 . Biden drops out of presidential race, endorses Harris . July 21, 2024 . United Press International.
News: Oren . Oppenheim . Brittany . Shepherd . Isabella . Murray . Kamala Harris certified as Democratic presidential nominee after earning majority of roll call votes . August 19, 2024 . ABC News.
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https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/biden-congratulates-trump-invites-him-to-meeting-at-white-house/ar-AA1tDj6U Biden congratulates Trump, invites him to meeting at White House
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Web site: Sommerlad . Joe . Biden still believes he could have beaten Trump and says successor 'very complimentary' in private . January 8, 2025 . . January 10, 2025.
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News: 18 February 2024. Opinion: We know how voters feel about Trump and Biden. But how do the experts rank their presidencies?. LA Times.
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Accetti . Carlo Invernizzi . March 16, 2020 . Joe Biden Isn't a Liberal or a Moderate. He's a Christian Democrat. . October 20, 2023 . Foreign Policy.
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News: Joseph. Zeballos-Roig. September 11, 2020. Joe Biden pledges to roll back Trump's corporate tax cuts on 'day one,' saying it won't hurt businesses' ability to hire. Business Insider. November 13, 2020. November 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201122232506/https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-biden-trumps-tax-cuts-day-one-presidency-economy-2020-9. live.
News: Megan. Henney. June 30, 2020. Biden pledges to roll back Trump's tax cuts: 'A lot of you may not like that'. Fox Business. November 13, 2020. November 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201112205316/https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/biden-pledges-to-undo-trumps-tax-cuts-a-lot-of-you-may-not-like-that. live.
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News: Mike . Lillis . January 28, 2016 . Biden coaxes Dems on Obama trade deal . . January 24, 2021 . November 7, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191107075246/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/267420-biden-coaxes-dems-on-obama-trade-deal . live.
News: Dan. Diamond. July 15, 2019. August 26, 2021. Biden unveils health care plan: Affordable Care Act 2.0. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210103083823/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/15/joe-biden-health-care-plan-1415850. January 3, 2021. Politico.
News: Bill. Barrow. July 15, 2019. August 26, 2021. Biden aggressively defends the Affordable Care Act. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210103083902/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-aggressively-defends-the-affordable-care-act. January 3, 2021. Associated Press. PBS.
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News: May 6, 2012. May 6: Joe Biden, Kelly Ayotte, Diane Swonk, Tom Brokaw, Chuck Todd . . April 5, 2013 . April 5, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130405045344/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/47311900/ns/meet_the_press-transcripts/t/may-joe-biden-kelly-ayotte-diane-swonk-tom-brokaw-chuck-todd/ . live.
News: Kranish . Michael . June 9, 2020 . Joe Biden let police groups write his crime bill. Now, his agenda has changed.. . live. November 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201112174038/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/joe-biden-let-police-groups-write-his-crime-bill-now-his-agenda-has-changed/2020/06/08/82ab969e-a434-11ea-8681-7d471bf20207_story.html. November 12, 2020.
News: McDermott. Nathan. Steck. Em. June 10, 2020. Biden repeatedly pushed bill in Senate that critics said would have made investigating police officers for misconduct more difficult. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201116122904/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/10/politics/biden-senate-police-officers-kfile/index.html. November 16, 2020. November 13, 2020. CNN.
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News: October 9, 1982 . U.S. Plans A New Drive On Narcotics . . Leslie . Maitland . August 22, 2023.
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News: Carr. Bob. September 2, 2020. Joe Biden's bold climate policies would leave Australia behind. The Guardian. September 21, 2020. September 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200921170525/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/02/joe-bidens-bold-climate-policies-would-leave-australia-behind. live.
News: Moore . Elena . October 16, 2020 . Trump's And Biden's Plans For The Environment . . October 21, 2020 . October 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030113807/https://www.npr.org/2020/10/16/920484187/trumps-and-biden-s-plans-for-the-environment . live.
News: Rice . Doyle . Voyles Pulver . Dinah . Biden Administration announces first-ever Ocean Justice Strategy. What's that? . December 18, 2023 . USA Today . December 7, 2023.
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News: Kevin. Liptak. Biden officially recognizes the massacre of Armenians in World War I as a genocide. CNN. April 24, 2021. April 25, 2021.
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News: Panetta . Grace . February 8, 2023 . Biden calls out abortion by name and skewers 'extreme' bans in State of the Union address . April 10, 2023 . The 19th.
News: Kinery . Emma . Biden promises to codify Roe if two more Democrats are elected to the Senate . May 13, 2023 . CNBC . September 23, 2022.
News: Hutzler . Alexandra . House passes bills to codify Roe, protect interstate travel for abortion . July 15, 2022 . May 13, 2023 . ABC News.
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Web site: January 7, 2020. August 25, 2021. President-elect Joe Biden just turned 78. Here's how he went from 'Middle-Class Joe' to millionaire.. Taylor. Borden. Business Insider. March 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210319163402/https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-biden-net-worth-lifestyle-real-estate-family-wealth-assets-2020-1. live.
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Web site: Biden Ends 2023 With 39% Job Approval. Megan. Brenan. December 22, 2023. Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Jeffrey M.. Jones. February 4, 2021. Biden Begins Term With 57% Job Approval. Gallup, Inc.. November 9, 2024.
Web site: April 23, 2021. Biden Job Approval a Respectable 57% at 100 Days. October 1, 2021. Gallup, Inc..
News: Chris. Cillizza. Chris Cillizza. August 18, 2021. Joe Biden's political honeymoon is officially over. CNN. November 9, 2024.
Web site: Presidential Job Approval Center . July 31, 2022 . Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Megan. Brenan. October 26, 2023. Democrats' Rating of Biden Slips; Overall Approval at 37%. Gallup, Inc.. November 9, 2024.
Web site: Jeffrey M.. Jones. January 18, 2022. Biden Year One Approval Ratings Subpar, Extremely Polarized. Gallup, Inc.. November 9, 2024.
Web site: Jones . Jeffrey M. . January 25, 2023 . Biden Averaged 41% Job Approval in His Second Year . January 9, 2024 . Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Jones . Jeffrey M. . January 25, 2024 . Biden's Third-Year Job Approval Average of 39.8% Second Worst . January 28, 2024 . Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Megan . Brenan . July 23, 2024 . Biden's Approval Rating Hit New Low Before Exit From Race. July 31, 2024 . Gallup.com.
Web site: Americans Think History Will Rate Biden Presidency Negatively. January 7, 2025. Gallup. Jeffrey M.. Jones. January 10, 2025.
Web site: Americans See Little Progress in Key Areas Under Biden. January 14, 2025. Gallup. Megan. Brenan. January 15, 2025. More think the U.S. lost than gained ground in a majority of economic, national and international areas.
Web site: The president who could not choose. January 14, 2025. January 16, 2025. Vox. Dylan. Matthews.
Web site: Americans have dimmer view of Biden than they did of Trump or Obama as term ends, AP-NORC poll finds. Will. Weissert. Amelia. Thomson-Deveaux. Associated Press. January 10, 2025. January 10, 2025.
Web site: Biden Job Approval Second Lowest Among Post-WWII Presidents. Gallup. January 17, 2025.
News: As Biden exits the stage, Democrats are uncharacteristically quiet. Paul. Kane. January 15, 2025. January 16, 2025. The Washington Post.
Web site: 'One of the great tragedies of American politics': Biden ends 5 decades in public life. January 16, 2025. January 16, 2025. Natasha. Korecki. Carol E.. Lee. Jonathan. Allen. NBC News. Biden leaves behind a complicated legacy of legislative wins, economic gains and a trail of fractured relationships and grievances within his own party..
Web site: An American tragedy: how Biden paved the way for Trump's White House return. David. Smith. The Guardian. January 18, 2025. January 18, 2025. To admirers, Biden will remain one of the most consequential one-term presidents in US history - to detractors, he was undone by a fatal flaw..
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-presidency-opinion-poll-2025-01-19/ Biden's presidency viewed negatively by most Americans — CBS News poll
https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/15/politics/cnn-poll-biden-presidency/index.html CNN Poll: Biden leaves office with his approval rating matching the lowest of his term
Web site: Everyone Who Has Played Joe Biden on SNL. NBC. September 27, 2024. October 12, 2024.
Dana Carvey's Joe Biden Is the Real Star of 'Saturday Night Live'. Vanity Fair. October 12, 2024.
Web site: Miller . Liz Shannon . June 10, 2016 . Greg Kinnear Doesn't Do Impressions, But He Did Channel Joe Biden in 'Confirmation' (Consider This) . November 10, 2024 . IndieWire.
Web site: American Presidents: Greatest and Worst. Siena College Research Institute. June 22, 2022. January 20, 2025.

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News: Fifield . Anna . January 4, 2013 . Biden faces key role in second term . Financial Times. January 24, 2021 . July 20, 2021. https://archive.today/20210720074130/https://www.ft.com/content/412f47b0-5694-11e2-aad0-00144feab49a. live.
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News: Finley. Bruce. September 19, 2014. Biden: Men who don't stop violence against women are "cowards". The Denver Post. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20151013133013/https://www.denverpost.com/environment/ci_26568257/vice-president-biden-denver-discuss-domestic-violence-issues. October 13, 2015. August 29, 2021.
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News: Biden Resting After Surgery For Second Brain Aneurysm . . . May 4, 1988 . January 24, 2021 . January 5, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210105212210/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/04/us/biden-resting-after-surgery-for-second-brain-aneurysm.html . live.
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Stone . Natalie . February 28, 2016 . Oscars: Joe Biden Introduces Lady Gaga for Performance of 'Til It Happens to You' . May 22, 2024 . The Hollywood Reporter . March 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160301042445/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lady-gagas-oscars-performance-til-870679 . live .
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Biden backs Phil Murphy, says N.J. governor's race 'most important' in nation. Ryan. Hutchins. May 28, 2017. Politico. January 24, 2021. December 30, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191230125059/https://www.politico.com/states/new-jersey/story/2017/05/28/biden-backing-phil-murphy-says-nj-governors-race-single-most-important-112380. live.
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Edward-Isaac. Dovere. VP's LGBT comments raise eyebrows . . March 26, 2014 . January 24, 2021 . January 3, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210103083142/https://www.politico.com/story/2014/03/joe-biden-lgbt-workplace-discrimination-executive-order-human-rights-campaign-105018 . live.
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Friedman. Megan. August 30, 2018. Joe Biden Just Gave an Incredibly Powerful Speech at John McCain's Memorial. Town & Country. January 24, 2021. June 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200610041411/https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/a22877209/joe-biden-eulogy-john-mccain-memorial-full-transcript/. live.
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Web site: June 17, 2021 . Most Federal Employees Will Receive Friday Off for Juneteenth . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210618055747/https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2021/06/most-federal-employees-will-receive-friday-juneteenth/174796/ . June 18, 2021 . June 17, 2021 . Government Executive.
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News: Foran . Clare . Zaslav . Ali . Barrett . Ted . January 19, 2022 . Senate Democrats suffer defeat on voting rights after vote to change rules fails . CNN . live . February 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220409161903/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/senate-voting-legislation-filibuster/index.html . April 9, 2022.
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News: Foran . Clare . Wilson . Kristin . Grayer . Annie . June 25, 2022 . Biden will sign first major federal gun safety legislation in decades on Saturday, White House says . . August 17, 2022.
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News: Shabad . Rebecca . Egan . Lauren . August 10, 2022 . Biden signs bill to expand benefits for veterans exposed to toxic burn pits . CNBC . August 17, 2022.
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News: Biden says Equal Rights Amendment is ratified, kicking off expected legal battle as he pushes through final executive actions . Klein . Betsy . Saenz . Arlette Saenz . January 17, 2025 . CNN . January 17, 2025.
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News: 19 January 2025 . Charting the Biden economy: Despite all the growth and jobs, a deeply unpopular president . CNBC .
News: 2 January 2025 . The U.S. Can't Grow Its Way Out of Debt. Here's What It Can Do. . Barrons .
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News: Jesse Pound . Samantha Subin . December 30, 2022 . Stocks fall to end Wall Street's worst year since 2008, S&P 500 finishes 2022 down nearly 20% . CNBC .
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News: Harrison . David . October 23, 2023 . The Economy Was Supposed to Slow by Now. Instead It's Revving Up. . The Wall Street Journal . subscription . Recent economic data suggest the economy is accelerating despite higher borrowing costs, the resumption of student-loan payments, and wars in Ukraine and the Middle East ... Analysts, many of whom had expected a recession this year, are pushing up their forecasts ... After predicting a recession for the past year, economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal this month said they now believe that the economy will avoid a downturn in the next 12 months. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231122184856/https://www.wsj.com/economy/the-economy-was-supposed-to-slow-by-now-instead-its-revving-up-3c0f7a2e . November 22, 2023.
News: October 26, 2023 . GDP surged 4.9% in the third quarter, defying the Fed's rate hikes . November 21, 2023 . CBS News.
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News: Shepardson . David . Mason . Jeff . August 10, 2022 . Biden signs bill to boost U.S. chips, compete with China . August 17, 2022 . Reuters.
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News: Biden raising minimum wage for federal contractors to $15/hr . . April 27, 2021. Nandita Bose. Jarrett Renshaw.
News: Juliana . Kaplan . August 14, 2023 . Nearly 400,000 federal contractors will get paid $15 an hour starting this weekend. Biden's labor secretary says there's 'no question' it'll cut down on labor shortages. . Business Insider . January 28, 2022.
News: 1 October 2024 . Biden signs bill to block U.S. railroad strike . Reuters .
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News: Dennis . Brady . August 14, 2022 . As Congress funds high-tech climate solutions, it also bets on a low-tech one: Nature . . August 29, 2022.
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News: Pitas . Costas . August 13, 2022 . Biden to sign $430 billion climate and tax bill into law next week . Reuters . August 14, 2022.
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News: Biden pledges to double U.S. climate change aid; some activists unimpressed . Valerie . Volcovici . September 29, 2021 . Reuters . September 21, 2021 . September 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210925130818/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/us-seeks-double-climate-change-aid-developing-nations-biden-2021-09-21/ . live.
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News: Biden sets new target to protect vast US water sources . Reuters . 23 April 2024.
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News: January 26, 2024 . Illegal border crossings from Mexico reach highest on record in December before January lull . Associated Press News.
News: January 2, 2024 . Migrant encounters along southwest border reach all-time high of 302,000 . ABC News.
News: December 29, 2023 . December migrant surge at Southern border largest in more than two decades as mayors call for action . CNN.
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News: July 1, 2024 . Illegal crossings at U.S.-Mexico border fall to 3-year low, the lowest level under Biden . CBS News.
News: April 30, 2024 . A quieter border eases pressure on Biden, with a hand from Mexico . The Washington Post.
News: June 26, 2024 . Biden border restrictions bring sharp drop in illegal crossings . The Washington Post.
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News: January 22, 2024 . Biden administration has admitted more than 1 million migrants into U.S. under parole policy Congress is considering restricting . CBS News.
News: March 11, 2024. What Is Humanitarian Parole? How an Obscure Biden Immigration Policy Became So Controversial . The Wall Street Journal.
News: March 8, 2024. Program that allows 30,000 migrants from 4 countries into the US each month upheld by judge . Associated Press News.
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Daniels . Eugene . Fertig . Natalie . October 6, 2022 . Biden pardons marijuana offenses, calls for review of federal law . October 8, 2022 . Politico.
Web site: Shivaram . Deepa . Biden expands pardons for marijuana possession and grants clemency to 11 . . December 22, 2023.
Web site: Miller . Zeke . Biden pardons thousands convicted of marijuana charges on federal lands and in Washington . . December 22, 2023.
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News: Victims 'shocked' after Biden grants clemency to 'kids-for-cash' judge and $54 million embezzler . . December 13, 2024.
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News: Biden sparks outrage with last-minute commutation of man convicted of killing FBI agents . ABC News . 20 January 2024.
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News: 2 December 2024 . We haven't seen a pardon as sweeping as Hunter Biden's in generations . Politico.
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News: December 2, 2024 . How Biden Changed His Mind on Pardoning Hunter: 'Time to End All of This' . The New York Times.
News: Morin . Rebecca . President Biden pardons his son Hunter Biden despite pledges not to . December 2, 2024 . USA Today.
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News: 20 January 2025 . Biden in Final Hours Pardons Relatives and Others to Thwart Trump Reprisals . The New York Times.
News: 20 January 2025 . President Biden pardons family members in final minutes of presidency . ABC.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden pardons family members minutes before leaving office . Axios.
News: 20 January 2025 . Joe Biden pardons several family members . Politico.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden pardons his family in final minutes in office . CNBC.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden pardons Fauci, Milley and the Jan. 6 panel. It's a guard against potential 'revenge' by Trump . Associated Press.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden Pardons 5 Members of His Family in Final Minutes in Office . The New York Times.
News: 20 January 2025 . Biden pardons former Ky. Democratic Party leader moments before leaving office . WKYT.
News: 20 January 2025 . Former Columbia councilman Cromartie, previously jailed for tax evasion, pardoned by Biden . The State.
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News: Naughtie . Andrew . September 5, 2022 . Jan 6 committee members back Biden remarks on Trump 'fascism' after rally guest defends neo-Nazi rioter: Joe Biden's warnings of creeping fascism on the pro-Trump right have fired up ex-president's followers and dissenters alike . . October 14, 2022.
News: Hounshell . Blake . November 9, 2022 . Five Takeaways From a Red Wave That Didn't Reach the Shore . The New York Times . November 9, 2022 . 0362-4331.
News: Knowles . Hannah . Scherer . Michael . November 9, 2022 . Democrats show strength, leaving fight for control of Congress unresolved . . November 9, 2022.
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News: Biden's first trip abroad will be a whirlwind of major meetings with key allies and top rivals . Haltiwanger . John . June 3, 2021 . . June 19, 2021.
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Web site: Knickmeyer . Ellen . February 5, 2021 . Biden ending US support for Saudi-led offensive in Yemen . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023211712/https://apnews.com/article/biden-end-support-saudi-offenseive-yemen-b68f58493dbfc530b9fcfdb80a13098f . October 23, 2021 . February 5, 2021 . Associated Press News.
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News: U.S. Drone Strike Kills Ayman al-Zawahri, Top Qaeda Leader . August 1, 2022 . Baker . Peter . Cooper . Helene . Barnes . Julian . Schmitt . Eric . The New York Times . August 1, 2022 . August 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220801215209/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/01/us/politics/al-qaeda-strike-afghanistan.html . live.
News: Biden Vows 'Consequences' for Saudi Arabia After Oil Production Cut . The New York Times . October 11, 2022 . Baker . Peter.
News: Joe Biden warns of 'consequences' for Saudi Arabia after oil production cuts . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/1a5cfd12-a202-4242-b0ad-bed56f377142 . December 10, 2022 . subscription . live . Financial Times . October 12, 2022.
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News: Gebeily . Maya . Taher . Aziz . 2024-11-27 . Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire holds in first hours, Lebanese civilians start to return home . Reuters.
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News: Rasmussen . Sune Engel . 2024-11-27 . The Impossible Mission to Enforce an Israel-Hezbollah Cease-Fire . The Wall Street Journal.
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News: Biden defends 'messy' US pullout from Afghanistan . August 17, 2021 . . August 17, 2021 . October 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211023163517/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58238497 . live.
News: Prakash . Nidhi . Joe Biden Blamed Afghan Leaders For Giving Up As The Taliban Took Control . August 17, 2021 . . August 16, 2021 . October 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211008133113/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nidhiprakash/biden-afghanistan-speech-taliban-take-over . live.
News: Edmondson . Catie . Lawmakers Unite in Bipartisan Fury Over Afghanistan Withdrawal . The New York Times . March 1, 2022 . August 16, 2021 . August 16, 2021 . https://archive.today/20210816201146/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/16/us/politics/afghanistan-withdrawal-congress.html . live.
Seligman . Lara . Top generals contradict Biden, say they urged him not to withdraw from Afghanistan . . September 28, 2021 . March 1, 2022 . September 29, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210929165155/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/09/28/top-generals-afghanistan-withdrawal-congress-hearing-514491 . live.
News: Melanie . Zanona . Lauren . Fox . House Republicans vow to probe Biden's Afghanistan exit if they win in 2022 . CNN . August 20, 2021 . March 1, 2022 . August 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210822125620/https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/20/politics/house-republicans-afghanistan-biden-benghazi/index.html . live.
News: Christopher . Cadelago . Natasha . Korecki . Laura . Barrón-López . Biden scrambles to tamp down panic over Afghanistan . . August 18, 2021 . March 1, 2022 . November 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211126220827/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/18/biden-afghanistan-withdrawal-506065 . live.
News: Watson . Kathryn . Biden says 'buck stops with me' and defends Afghanistan withdrawal . August 17, 2021 . . August 16, 2021 . August 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210817054019/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-afghanistan-taliban-watch-live-stream-today-2021-08-16/ . live.
News: Blake . Aaron . Biden says the 'buck stops with me' — while pinning blame on Trump and many Afghans . August 17, 2021 . . August 16, 2021 . August 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210817153113/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/08/16/biden-says-buck-stops-with-me-while-pinning-blame-trump-lots-afghans/ . live.
News: Michael. Collins. Tom Vanden. Brook. Deirdre. Shesgreen. Biden said US would 'hunt' down Kabul airport attackers. A day later, a drone strike killed two ISIS-K targets. USA Today. August 28, 2021. August 29, 2021. August 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210830163452/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/08/28/kabul-bombing-u-s-issues-drone-strike-against-isis-k-planner/5628326001/. live.
News: Stewart . Phil . Ali . Idrees . U.S. says Kabul drone strike killed 10 civilians, including children, in 'tragic mistake' . September 19, 2021 . . September 19, 2021 . September 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210921115447/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-military-says-10-civilians-killed-kabul-drone-strike-last-month-2021-09-17/ . live.
News: Madhani . Aamer . Freking . Kevin . Biden defends departure from 'forever war,' praises airlift . September 5, 2021 . . September 1, 2021 . September 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908160545/https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-islamic-state-group-dd43bcc58bd17668b1cf4ae79997142b . live.
News: Gore . D'Angelo . Farley . Robert . Robertson . Lori . How Many Americans and Allies Are Left in Afghanistan? . September 5, 2021 . . September 2, 2021 . September 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210908104952/https://www.factcheck.org/2021/09/how-many-americans-and-allies-are-left-in-afghanistan/ . live.
News: US aid is still vital to Afghanistan . Le Monde . 28 August 2024.
News: US aid vetting failures may have benefited militants in Afghanistan, watchdog finds . Reuters . 17 July 2024.
Web site: Groves . Stephen . House approves GOP resolution condemning Biden and Harris over Afghanistan withdrawal . Associated Press . 18 January 2025 . 25 September 2024.
News: Shear . Michael D. . Kanno-Youngs . Zolan . Rogers . Katie . February 28, 2022 . 10 Consequential Days: How Biden Navigated War, Covid and the Supreme Court . The New York Times . March 17, 2022 . 0362-4331 . March 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220321104514/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/us/politics/biden-ukraine-covid-supreme-court.html . live.
News: Parker . Ashley . Harris . Shane . Birnbaum . Michael . Hudson . John . February 25, 2022 . 13 days: Inside Biden's last-ditch attempts to stop Putin in Ukraine . . March 16, 2022 . February 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220226045105/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/02/25/inside-biden-putin-ukraine/ . live.
News: Mason . Jeff . Bose . Nandita . March 16, 2022 . Biden calls Putin a 'war criminal,' sending more weapons to Ukraine . Reuters . March 18, 2022 . March 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220319080135/https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announce-new-security-assistance-ukraine-after-signing-massive-spending-2022-03-16/ . live.
News: War in Ukraine: U.S. dramatically upgrades its aid package to Kyiv . Piotr . Smolar . . April 29, 2022 . June 18, 2022 . May 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510001810/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/04/29/war-in-ukraine-u-s-dramatically-upgrades-its-aid-package-to-kyiv_5981990_4.html . live.
News: April 29, 2022 . Biden seeks $33B for Ukraine, signaling long-term commitment . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press . Alan . Fram . Zeke . Miller . Aamer . Madhani.
News: House approves $40B in Ukraine aid, beefing up Biden request . Alan . Fram . . May 11, 2022 . June 18, 2022 . May 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220511000720/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-biden-europe-0ac5c758d32dbea64c437b50e829bbb2 . live.
News: Sonmez . Felicia . Jeong . Andrew . May 10, 2022 . House approves nearly $40 billion in aid to Ukraine as it fights off Russian aggression . May 11, 2024 . The Washington Post.
News: Zengerle . Patricia . May 19, 2022 . After delay, U.S. Senate overwhelmingly approves $40 billion in Ukraine aid . May 11, 2024 . Reuters.
News: Biden blames 'Putin's invasion of Ukraine' for rising gas, food prices globally . . April 2, 2022 . Shubhangi . Gupta. June 18, 2022 . May 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220516164119/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/biden-blames-putin-s-invasion-of-ukraine-for-rising-gas-food-prices-globally-101648873914167.html . live.
News: Ukraine war: Hungry Africans are victims of the conflict, Macky Sall tells Vladimir Putin . BBC News . June 3, 2022 . June 18, 2022 . June 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220611165237/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61685383 . live.
News: Holland . Steve . Nichols . Michelle . September 21, 2022 . Biden accuses Putin of irresponsible nuclear threats, violating U.N. charter . live . May 11, 2024 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20240511024035/https://www.reuters.com/world/biden-announce-29-bln-food-security-funding-during-un-speech-white-house-2022-09-21/ . May 11, 2024.
News: February 20, 2023 . Luke . Harding . 'This is a part of history': Kyiv citizens delighted by Joe Biden's surprise visit . February 20, 2023 . The Guardian.
News: February 20, 2023 . Child . David . Putin's war plans 'plain wrong', Biden says in Ukraine . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230220123823/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2023/2/20/russia-ukraine-live-russia-suffering-extraordinary-losses . February 20, 2023 . February 20, 2023 . Al Jazeera Arabic.
News: Vucci . Evan . Leicester . John . Madhani . Aamar . Miller . Zeke . February 21, 2023 . Biden declares 'Kyiv stands' in surprise visit to Ukraine . May 16, 2024 . Associated Press.
News: Liptak . Kevin . February 20, 2023 . Biden makes surprise visit to Ukraine for first time since full-scale war began . May 16, 2024 . CNN . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240709034549/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/20/politics/biden-ukraine-zelensky-visit-one-year-war-anniversary-intl-hnk/index.html . July 9, 2024.
News: $113 billion: Where the US investment in Ukraine aid has gone . CNN . September 21, 2023 . Zachary B. . Wolf . https://web.archive.org/web/20240505224731/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/21/politics/war-funding-ukraine-what-matters/index.html . live . May 5, 2024 . 13 August 2024 .
News: The White House is asking for almost $106 billion for Israel, Ukraine and the border . NPR . October 26, 2023 . Deepa . Shivaram . 13 August 2024 .
Web site: Zengerle . Patricia . Cowan . Richard . US Congress passes Ukraine aid after months of delay . . April 23, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Williams . Michael . Saenz . Arlette . Liptak . Kevin . Biden signs foreign aid bill providing crucial military assistance to Ukraine . . April 30, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Myre . Greg . Biden signs $95 billion military aid package for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan . . April 24, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Holland . Steve . Pamuk . Humeyra . Stewart . Phil . Biden allows Ukraine limited use of US arms to strike inside Russia, say US officials . . May 30, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Bushard . Brian . Biden Will Let Ukraine Strike Inside Russia With U.S. Weapons—But Only In One Region . . May 30, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Biden allows Ukraine to hit some targets in Russia with US weapons . . May 30, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Biden maintains limit on Ukrainian strikes despite Zelensky's push . The Hill . 11 July 2024.
News: Ralph . Jennings . US Beefs Up South Pacific Aid, Diplomacy as China Spreads Its Influence . July 13, 2022 . July 18, 2022 . Voice of America.
News: May 24, 2022 . In meeting with Biden, Australia's Albanese recalls colourful first trip to U.S. . . Kirsty . Needham . July 18, 2022.
Web site: What the China-Solomon Islands Pact Means for the U.S. and South Pacific . May 4, 2022 . Zongyuan Zoe . Liu . July 18, 2022 . Council on Foreign Relations.
Web site: John . Ruwitch . Biden, again, says U.S. would help Taiwan if China attacks . NPR . 19 September 2022 . January 29, 2023.
Kine . Phelim . Biden leaves no doubt: 'Strategic ambiguity' toward Taiwan is dead . . September 19, 2022 . January 29, 2023.
Web site: A bristling China says Biden remarks on Taiwan 'severely violate' U.S. policy . . September 19, 2022 . January 29, 2023.
News: Analysis Biden's most hawkish comments on Taiwan yet . 19 September 2022 . The Washington Post . January 28, 2023 . Aaron . Blake.
News: Taylor . Adam . Analysis Three theories on Biden's repeated Taiwan gaffes . 24 May 2022 . The Washington Post . January 29, 2023.
Joe Biden Keeps Being More Hawkish on Taiwan Than His Administration Wants to Be . Eric . Lutz . Vanity Fair . January 29, 2023 . September 19, 2022.
Bade . Gavin . 'A sea change': Biden reverses decades of Chinese trade policy . December 30, 2022 . . December 26, 2022.
News: Baldor . Lolita C. . Copp . Tara . China balloon: Many questions about suspected spy in the sky . . February 4, 2023 . February 9, 2023 . February 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230209010911/https://apnews.com/article/politics-united-states-government-antony-blinken-china-b1b03193b7abeb7bbeca169bbc7c2c53 . live.
Web site: F-22 Safely Shoots Down Chinese Spy Balloon Off South Carolina Coast . Garamone . Jim . February 4, 2023 . . February 12, 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230211012305/https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/3288543/f-22-safely-shoots-down-chinese-spy-balloon-off-south-carolina-coast/ . February 11, 2023 . A U.S. Air Force fighter safely shot down a Chinese high-altitude surveillance balloon today, Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III said in a written statement..
News: Hudson . John . Nakashima . Ellen . Lamothe . Dan . February 9, 2023 . U.S. declassifies balloon intelligence, calls out China for spying . . live . limited . February 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210005507/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/09/chinese-balloon-surveillance-program/ . February 10, 2023.
News: Lee . Matthew . February 4, 2023 . Chinese balloon soars across US; Blinken scraps Beijing trip . live . . February 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230205001417/https://apnews.com/article/politics-antony-blinken-china-314302278a5f05bdc2df146ed5b35ec6 . February 5, 2023.
News: Swire . Sonnet . February 4, 2023 . What to know about the suspected Chinese spy balloon . May 16, 2024 . CNN.
News: Pamuk . Humeyra . Ali . Idrees . Martina . Michael . Ali . Idrees . February 4, 2023 . September 30, 2023 . Blinken postpones China trip over 'unacceptable' Chinese spy balloon . Reuters .
News: Cadell . Cate . Hudson . John . Abutaleb . Yasmeen . Blinken postpones China trip as suspected spy balloon detected over U.S. . . 3 February 2023 . limited . February 5, 2023.
News: Hansler . Jennifer . Liptak . Kevin . Herb . Jeremy . Atwood . Kylie . Sciutto . Kylie . Liebermann . Oren . February 3, 2023 . Blinken postpones trip to Beijing after Chinese spy balloon spotted over US, officials say . . live . February 5, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230204022758/https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/03/politics/china-us-balloon-intl/index.html . February 4, 2023.
News: Boak . Josh . Hussein . Fatima . Wiseman . Paul . Tang . Didi . May 14, 2024 . Biden hikes tariffs on Chinese EVs, solar cells, steel, aluminum — and snipes at Trump . May 16, 2024 . Associated Press.
Web site: Lawler . Richard . 2025-01-19 . TikTok is down in the US . 2025-01-19 . The Verge . en.
Web site: 2025-01-19 . TikTok makes app unavailable for U.S. users ahead of ban . 2025-01-19 . NBC News . en.
Web site: RedNote: Americans and Chinese share jokes on 'alternative TikTok' as US ban looms . 2025-01-19 . www.bbc.com . en-GB.
News: Wong . Edward . Mazzetti . Mark . Nereim . Vivian . October 9, 2023 . U.S. Continues Push for Saudi-Israel Ties Even as War With Hamas Begins . The New York Times . October 31, 2023 . 0362-4331.
News: Baker . Peter . October 10, 2023 . In Unforgiving Terms, Biden Condemns 'Evil' and 'Abhorrent' Attack on Israel . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231012001950/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/10/us/politics/biden-israel-hamas.html . October 12, 2023 . October 12, 2023 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
News: Collinson . Stephen . October 18, 2023 . What Biden did and didn't achieve during his trip to Israel . October 31, 2023 . CNN.
News: Demirjian . Karoun . October 20, 2023 . Details of Biden's $105 Billion Funding Request for Israel and Ukraine . The New York Times . October 31, 2023 . 0362-4331.
News: Shear . Michael D. . Sanger . David E. . Wong . Edward . October 30, 2023 . Biden's Support for Israel Now Comes With Words of Caution . The New York Times . October 31, 2023 . 0362-4331.
News: Bendery . Jennifer . Joe Biden On The Chances Of A Gaza Cease-Fire: 'None. No Possibility.' . HuffPost . November 9, 2023.
News: November 9, 2023 . Israel agrees to 4-hour daily pauses in Gaza fighting to allow civilians to flee, White House says . November 13, 2023 . Associated Press News . Aamer . Madhani . Zeke . Miller . Ellen . Knickmeyer.
Web site: March 7, 2024 . Biden Ordering US Military to Build Port in Gaza to Facilitate Aid . April 29, 2024 . Voice of America . Patsy . Widakuswara.
News: Spetalnick . Matt . Mason . Jeff . Holland . Steve . Zengerle . Patricia . October 23, 2023 . January 6, 2024 . 'I am a Zionist': How Joe Biden's lifelong bond with Israel shapes war policy . Reuters.
News: December 12, 2023 . January 6, 2024 . 'I am a Zionist,' says Biden at Hanukkah event, promises continued military assistance to Israel . The Times of Israel.
News: April 10, 2024 . Biden pressure on Israel not enough, say dissenting US officials . July 4, 2024 . Tom . Bateman . BBC News.
News: Biden: What's happening in Gaza 'is not genocide' . Politico . Elena . Schneider . Jennifer . Haberkorn . Eli . Stokols . May 20, 2024.
News: Dozens of former U.S. officials urge Biden to take harder line with Israel . Reuters . March 21, 2024.
News: Ewing . Giselle Ruhiyyih . March 2, 2024 . Gaza airdrop has begun, Biden says, but more needed . March 7, 2024 . Politico.
News: March 2, 2024 . US military aircraft airdrop thousands of meals into Gaza in emergency humanitarian aid operation . March 7, 2024 . Associated Press . Tara . Copp . Seung . Min Kim.
News: Airdropping aid is inefficient — so why is the U.S. doing it in Gaza anyway? . . March 6, 2024 . Ari . Shapiro . Linah . Mohammad . Elena . Burnett.
Web site: Jones . Jeffrey . March 27, 2024 . Majority in U.S. Now Disapprove of Israeli Action in Gaza . April 3, 2024 . Gallup Inc..
News: December 21, 2023 . Biden threatened by generation gap on Israel among Democrats, Yahoo News/YouGov poll finds . March 2, 2024 . . Andrew . Romano.
Web site: Jennings . Rebecca . December 13, 2023 . TikTok isn't creating false support for Palestine. It's just reflecting what's already there. . March 1, 2024 . Vox.
News: Astor . Maggie . April 30, 2024 . College Democrats Back Protests and Criticize Biden's Israel Policy . May 1, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
Web site: Berg . Matt . Ward . Alexander . Hamas no longer poses major threat to Israel, Biden says . . May 31, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Khalid . Asma . President Biden unveils and endorses details of a new Israeli cease-fire proposal . . May 31, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Singh . Kanishka . What's in the new Israel ceasefire proposal Biden announced? . . May 31, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Magid . Jacob . 'Time for this war to end': Biden tells Hamas to accept Israel's hostage-ceasefire offer . . June 1, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
Web site: Holland . Steve . Mackenzie . James . Biden details Gaza truce proposal, Hamas responds positively . . June 1, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
News: Brown . Benjamin . Tanno . Sophie . Netanyahu says no Gaza ceasefire until Israel's war aims are achieved, raising questions over Biden peace proposal . . June 1, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
News: Berman . Lazar . Israeli official to ToI: Under proposal, Israel can achieve all war goals before permanent ceasefire takes effect . . June 1, 2024 . June 2, 2024.
News: Madhani . Aamer . Megerian . Chris . Superville . Darlene . Biden details a 3-phase hostage deal aimed at winding down the Israel-Hamas war . . May 31, 2023 . June 2, 2024.
News: Knickmeyer . Ellen . US spends a record $17.9 billion on military aid to Israel since last Oct. 7 . 10 November 2024 . . 7 October 2024 . en.
News: Ching . Nike . Blinken announces $135M in additional US aid for Palestinians . 10 December 2024 . . 24 October 2024 . en.
Web site: Statement From President Biden: January 15, 2025. 15 January 2025. The White House. January 15, 2025.
Web site: Israel and Hamas agree to Gaza ceasefire, hostage deal . 15 January 2025 . NBC News . 15 January 2025.
Web site: Holland . Steve . Biden shows support for Sweden's NATO bid in talks with PM . . July 5, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Holland . Steve . Mason . Jeff . Biden cheers Finland, Sweden NATO plans as Turkey balks . . May 19, 2022 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Mason . Jeff . Zengerle . Patricia . Biden signs documents of U.S. support for Sweden, Finland to join NATO . . August 9, 2022 . April 30, 2024.
News: August 9, 2022 . Biden formalizes US support for Finland, Sweden joining NATO . May 11, 2024 . Associated Press . Zeke . Miller.
Web site: John . Tara . Finland joins NATO, doubling military alliance's border with Russia in a blow for Putin . . April 4, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
News: Pettypiece . Shannon . Biden meets with heads of Finland, Sweden in show of support for NATO membership . . May 19, 2022 . April 30, 2024.
News: Min Kim . Seung . Megerian . Chris . Tanner . Jari . Biden proclaims NATO alliance 'more united than ever' in contrast to predecessor Trump . . July 12, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Martinez . A . Khalid . Asma . Biden is in Europe to focus on U.S. alliances and NATO expansion . . July 10, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Klein . Betsy . Assurances that Ukraine's future is in NATO and new security guarantees calm worries at final day of summit . . July 12, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
Web site: Liptak . Kevin . Hansler . Jennifer . Biden holding firm on Ukraine joining NATO . . June 14, 2023 . April 30, 2024.
News: Collins . Phil . Mattingly . Evan . Perez . Maegan . Vazquez . Kevin . Liptak . Kaitlan . January 11, 2023 . Biden's legal team found another batch of classified documents in search of second location . January 12, 2023 . CNN.
News: Baker . Peter . Savage . Charlie . Thrush . Glenn . Goldman . Adam . January 10, 2023 . Biden Lawyers Found Classified Material at His Former Office . January 12, 2023 . The New York Times.
News: Timeline of the Biden Documents Case: What We Know So Far. Shpigel. Ben. January 12, 2023. The New York Times. January 14, 2023. January 14, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230114124700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/12/us/politics/biden-documents-timeline.html. live.
News: Chowdhury . Maureen . Hammond . Elise . Meyer . Matt . Sangal . Aditi . January 12, 2023 . Garland lays out timeline of investigation into Biden classified documents so far . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230113030157/https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/garland-attorney-general-statement-01-12-23/h_d0728a48029a6407e468b05806963497 . January 13, 2023 . January 12, 2023 . CNN.
News: Savage . Charlie . January 12, 2023 . Second Set of Classified Documents Were Found at Biden's Wilmington Home, White House Says . January 12, 2023 . The New York Times.
News: Diaz . Adriana . Triay . Andres . Farhi . Arden . January 9, 2023 . U.S. attorney reviewing documents marked classified from Joe Biden's vice presidency found at Biden think tank . March 12, 2024 . CBS News.
Farley, Robert (January 19, 2023). Timeline of Biden's Classified Documents. FactCheck.org.
News: Johnson . Carrie . January 12, 2023 . A special counsel will probe government documents at Biden's home and private office . NPR . January 12, 2023.
News: Shear . Michael D. . Rogers . Katie . January 22, 2023 . Investigators Seize More Classified Documents From Biden's Home . January 22, 2023 . The New York Times.
News: FBI found no classified documents in search of Biden home in Rehoboth, lawyer says. Mangan. Dan. February 1, 2023. CNBC. February 16, 2023.
News: Rebecca . Beitsch . Brett . Samuels . February 8, 2024 . Special counsel finds Biden 'willfully' retained classified documents, no charges filed . The Hill . February 9, 2024 . February 8, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240208201505/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/4456524-special-counsel-biden-classified-documents-probe-no-charges/ . live.
News: Sforza . Lauren . New GOP Oversight chair launches probes into Biden finances, Hunter Biden laptop story . The Hill . January 11, 2023 . January 12, 2023 . January 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230112174111/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/3808729-new-gop-oversight-chair-asks-treasury-for-biden-family-financial-information/ . live.
News: Wolf . Zachary B. . Here's what to know about GOP claims of a Biden scandal . CNN . June 9, 2023.
Web site: Mascaro . Lisa . Farnoush . Amiri . Speaker McCarthy directs the House to open an impeachment inquiry into President Biden . Associated Press News . September 12, 2023 . September 12, 2023.
Web site: Zanona . Melania . Tablot . Haley . Fox . Lauren . Grayer . Annie . McCarthy calls for formal impeachment inquiry into Biden amid pressure from conservatives . CNN . September 12, 2023 . September 12, 2023.
Cortellessa . Eric . McCarthy Lacks the Votes For an Impeachment Inquiry. Trump's Allies Have a Plan to Get Them. . . September 8, 2023.
News: Griffing . Alex . 'He Doesn't Have Enough Votes': CNN's Manu Raju Explains Why McCarthy Backtracked on Impeachment Vote . . September 12, 2023.
News: Broadwater . Luke . House Republican Report Finds No Evidence of Wrongdoing by President Biden . The New York Times . May 10, 2023.
News: Demirjian . Karoun . Republicans Are Divided on Impeaching Biden as Panel Begins New Inquiry . The New York Times . July 4, 2023.
News: How a fight over immunity unraveled Hunter Biden's plea deal . The Washington Post . August 17, 2023. Perry . Stein . Devlin . Barrett . Matt . Viser.
Otten . Tori . McCarthy Plans Biden Impeachment Inquiry—With No Evidence and Not Enough Votes . The New Republic . September 12, 2023.
News: Brooks . Emily . Biden impeachment inquiry risks backfiring on House GOP . The Hill . December 17, 2023 . December 17, 2023.
News: Diver . Tony . Staff . Our Foreign . December 13, 2023 . US House votes to open Biden impeachment inquiry . The Daily Telegraph . December 15, 2023 . 0307-1235.
News: Rebecca Beitsch . Emily Brooks . December 13, 2023 . House formally approves Biden impeachment inquiry . December 14, 2023 . The Hill.
Web site: Delaney . Arthur . February 15, 2024 . Justice Department Charges FBI Informant With Falsely Alleging Joe Biden Paid Bribes . February 15, 2024 . HuffPost . February 15, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240215224018/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/alexander-smirnov-joe-biden-bribe_n_65ce83d9e4b043f1c0aa7d26 . live .
News: Rabinowitz . Hannah . February 20, 2024 . Indicted ex-FBI informant told investigators he got Hunter Biden dirt from Russian intelligence officials . CNN . February 21, 2024 . February 21, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240221020240/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/20/politics/biden-former-fbi-informant-russian-intelligence/index.html . live .
News: Informant charged with lies about Bidens also claimed Russian contacts, feds say . The Washington Post . February 20, 2024 . Barrett . Devlin . 0190-8286 . March 1, 2024 . March 2, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240302220625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/02/20/hunter-biden-smirnov-lying-indictment-lowell/ . live .
News: Mascaro . Lisa . Republicans make last-ditch request for Biden to testify as impeachment inquiry winds down . Associated Press . March 20, 2024 . May 13, 2024 . May 13, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240513055832/https://apnews.com/article/biden-impeachment-hunter-biden-comer-f09ba1ae3b7bda703a5a84530f56d70f . live .
- News: Klein . Betsy . November 20, 2023 . Biden's birthday prompts debate about age and wisdom of America's oldest president . March 30, 2024 . CNN.
- News: Baker . Peter . November 19, 2023 . For an Aging President, a Birthday With a Bite . March 30, 2024 . The New York Times.
- News: 8 July 2024 . How Biden's Inner Circle Worked to Keep Signs of Aging Under Wraps . WSJ.
- News: 5 July 2024 . Biden's aging is seen as accelerating; lapses described as more common . The Washington Post.
- News: 2 July 2024 . Biden's Lapses Are Said to Be Increasingly Common and Worrisome . NYT.
- News: 30 July 2024 . Top aides shielded Biden from staff, but couldn't hide the debate . Axios.
News: December 19, 2024 . December 29, 2024 . How the White House Functioned With a Diminished Biden in Charge . The Wall Street Journal.
News: 17 January 2025 . How Biden's Inner Circle Protected a Faltering President . The New York Times.
News: Salvanto . Anthony . Backus . Fred . Pinto . Jennifer De . Khanna . Kabir . July 1, 2024 . Increasing numbers of voters don't think Biden should be running after debate with Trump — CBS News poll . CBS News . August 14, 2024.
News: 2 July 2024. Biden's mental fitness could have been better covered leading up to the debate, some White House reporters acknowledge . CNN .
- News: Siegel . Dr. Marc . Should the nation be concerned about Biden's cognitive abilities? . The Hill.
- News: Stolberg . Sheryl Gay . November 19, 2022 . President Biden Is Turning 80. Experts Say Age Is More Than a Number. . The New York Times . September 13, 2023 . 0362-4331.
- News: Anthony . Zurcher . April 25, 2023 . How Joe Biden's campaign hopes to overcome his age problem . BBC News. September 13, 2023.
- News: Joe Biden: 'Why the hell would I take a cognitive test?' . BBC News . September 13, 2023.
News: Biden Admits He Might Be Too Old To Have Served Another Term . Forbes . January 8, 2025.
Web site: No charge for Biden over classified documents but report questions memory . February 8, 2024 . . Max . Matza . January 1, 2025 . February 9, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240209073525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68245617 . live .
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JoeBiden . 1815087772216303933. My fellow Democrats, I have decided not to accept the nomination and to focus all my energies on my duties as President for the remainder of my term. My very first decision as the party nominee in 2020 was to pick Kamala Harris as my Vice President. And it's been the best decision I've made. Today I want to offer my full support and endorsement for Kamala to be the nominee of our party this year. Democrats — it's time to come together and beat Trump. Let's do this. . July 21, 2024 . Biden . Joseph R. Jr..
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https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/biden-congratulates-trump-invites-him-to-meeting-at-white-house/ar-AA1tDj6U Biden congratulates Trump, invites him to meeting at White House
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News: Nagle. Molly. December 19, 2020. Nearly 50 years after death of wife and daughter, empathy remains at Joe Biden's core. March 17, 2021. ABC News. March 2, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210302080416/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/50-years-death-wife-daughter-empathy-remains-joe/story?id=74814251. live.
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News: January 12, 2006. Transcripts. The Situation Room. CNN. live. September 21, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080719103425/https://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0601/12/sitroom.01.html. July 19, 2008.
News: Smith. Ben. December 2, 2008. Biden, enemy of the prepared remarks. Politico. live. December 2, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20150911131530/https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2008/12/biden-enemy-of-the-prepared-remarks-014500. September 11, 2015.
News: Tapper. Jake. Jake Tapper. January 31, 2007. A Biden Problem: Foot in Mouth. ABC News. live. September 21, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080827211803/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/Story?id=2838420. August 27, 2008.
Halperin. Mark. Mark Halperin. August 23, 2008. Halperin on Biden: Pros and Cons. Time. live. September 21, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20140722092813/https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1835480,00.html. July 22, 2014.
News: Watch: Joe Biden's latest gaffe- a rocky start and a counting problem . August 23, 2023 . . Mallika . Bhagat . 'Let me start off with two words: Made in America' . October 10, 2022.
News: Luke . O'Neil . April 25, 2019 . 'I am a gaffe machine': a history of Joe Biden's biggest blunders . January 26, 2021 . . February 2, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210202133135/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/apr/25/joe-biden-2020-public-gaffes-mistakes-history . live.
News: Broder . John M. . September 11, 2008 . Hanging On to Biden's Every Word: Biden living up to his gaffe-prone reputation . The New York Times . February 13, 2023 . 0362-4331 . But, boy, does he say some curious things. A day on the campaign trail without a cringe-inducing gaffe is a rare blessing. He has not been too blessed lately.... a human verbal wrecking crew..
Osnos . Evan . July 20, 2014 . The Evolution of Joe Biden . December 6, 2022 . The New Yorker.
News: Shear . Michael D. . Qiu . Linda . October 10, 2022 . Biden, Storyteller in Chief, Spins Yarns That Often Unravel . October 11, 2022 . The New York Times.
Web site: Jones . Jeffrey M. . December 21, 2021 . Joe Biden's Job Approval Rating Steady in December . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220123222342/https://news.gallup.com/poll/358343/joe-biden-job-approval-rating-steady-december.aspx . January 23, 2022 . February 2, 2022 . Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Frostenson . Sarah . October 12, 2021 . Why Has Biden's Approval Rating Gotten So Low So Quickly? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211012100615/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-has-bidens-approval-rating-gotten-so-low-so-quickly/ . October 12, 2021 . February 1, 2022 . FiveThirtyEight.
Graham . David A. . November 19, 2021 . Six Theories of Joe Biden's Crumbling Popularity . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220112230703/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/11/biden-approval-rating/620751/ . January 12, 2022 . June 18, 2022 . The Atlantic.
Web site: Rupar . Aaron . September 20, 2021 . Why Biden's approval numbers have sagged, explained by an expert . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211028195231/https://www.vox.com/2021/9/20/22678173/biden-polls-approval-rating-morning-consult . October 28, 2021 . February 1, 2022 . Vox.
Web site: Montanaro . Domenico . September 2, 2021 . Biden's Approval Rating Hits A New Low After The Afghanistan Withdrawal . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211027035207/https://www.npr.org/2021/09/02/1033433959/biden-approval-rating-afghanistan-withdrawal . October 27, 2021 . February 1, 2022 . NPR.
Web site: Biden Ends 2023 With 39% Job Approval. Megan. Brenan. December 22, 2023. Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Jeffrey M.. Jones. February 4, 2021. Biden Begins Term With 57% Job Approval. Gallup, Inc.. November 9, 2024.
Web site: April 23, 2021. Biden Job Approval a Respectable 57% at 100 Days. October 1, 2021. Gallup, Inc..
News: Chris. Cillizza. Chris Cillizza. August 18, 2021. Joe Biden's political honeymoon is officially over. CNN. November 9, 2024.
Web site: Presidential Job Approval Center . July 31, 2022 . Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Megan. Brenan. October 26, 2023. Democrats' Rating of Biden Slips; Overall Approval at 37%. Gallup, Inc.. November 9, 2024.
Web site: Jeffrey M.. Jones. January 18, 2022. Biden Year One Approval Ratings Subpar, Extremely Polarized. Gallup, Inc.. November 9, 2024.
Web site: Jones . Jeffrey M. . January 25, 2023 . Biden Averaged 41% Job Approval in His Second Year . January 9, 2024 . Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Jones . Jeffrey M. . January 25, 2024 . Biden's Third-Year Job Approval Average of 39.8% Second Worst . January 28, 2024 . Gallup, Inc..
Web site: Megan . Brenan . July 23, 2024 . Biden's Approval Rating Hit New Low Before Exit From Race. July 31, 2024 . Gallup.com.
Web site: Americans Think History Will Rate Biden Presidency Negatively. January 7, 2025. Gallup. Jeffrey M.. Jones. January 10, 2025.
Web site: Americans See Little Progress in Key Areas Under Biden. January 14, 2025. Gallup. Megan. Brenan. January 15, 2025. More think the U.S. lost than gained ground in a majority of economic, national and international areas.
Web site: The president who could not choose. January 14, 2025. January 16, 2025. Vox. Dylan. Matthews.
Web site: Americans have dimmer view of Biden than they did of Trump or Obama as term ends, AP-NORC poll finds. Will. Weissert. Amelia. Thomson-Deveaux. Associated Press. January 10, 2025. January 10, 2025.
Web site: Biden Job Approval Second Lowest Among Post-WWII Presidents. Gallup. January 17, 2025.
News: As Biden exits the stage, Democrats are uncharacteristically quiet. Paul. Kane. January 15, 2025. January 16, 2025. The Washington Post.
Web site: 'One of the great tragedies of American politics': Biden ends 5 decades in public life. January 16, 2025. January 16, 2025. Natasha. Korecki. Carol E.. Lee. Jonathan. Allen. NBC News. Biden leaves behind a complicated legacy of legislative wins, economic gains and a trail of fractured relationships and grievances within his own party..
Web site: An American tragedy: how Biden paved the way for Trump's White House return. David. Smith. The Guardian. January 18, 2025. January 18, 2025. To admirers, Biden will remain one of the most consequential one-term presidents in US history - to detractors, he was undone by a fatal flaw..
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-presidency-opinion-poll-2025-01-19/ Biden's presidency viewed negatively by most Americans — CBS News poll
https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/15/politics/cnn-poll-biden-presidency/index.html CNN Poll: Biden leaves office with his approval rating matching the lowest of his term
Web site: Everyone Who Has Played Joe Biden on SNL. NBC. September 27, 2024. October 12, 2024.
Dana Carvey's Joe Biden Is the Real Star of 'Saturday Night Live'. Vanity Fair. October 12, 2024.
Web site: Miller . Liz Shannon . June 10, 2016 . Greg Kinnear Doesn't Do Impressions, But He Did Channel Joe Biden in 'Confirmation' (Consider This) . November 10, 2024 . IndieWire.
Web site: American Presidents: Greatest and Worst. Siena College Research Institute. June 22, 2022. January 20, 2025.

Works cited

Book: Bronner, Ethan . Ethan Bronner . Battle for Justice: How the Bork Nomination Shook America . W. W. Norton & Company . 1989 . 978-0-393-02690-0 .
Book: Gadsden, Brett . Between North and South: Delaware, Desegregation, and the Myth of American Sectionalism . October 8, 2012 . . 978-0-8122-0797-2.
Book: Mayer . Jane . Jane Mayer . Abramson . Jill . Jill Abramson . Strange Justice: The Selling of Clarence Thomas . Houghton Mifflin . 1994 . 978-0-395-63318-2 .
Book: Wolffe, Richard . Richard Wolffe . Renegade: The Making of a President . Crown Publishers . New York . 2009 . 978-0-307-46312-8 .
Book: Taylor, Paul . See How They Run: Electing the President in an Age of Mediaocracy . Alfred A. Knopf . 1990 . 978-0-394-57059-4 .
Book: Witcover, Jules . Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption . William Morrow . 2010 . 978-0-06-179198-7 . New York City . Jules Witcover .

External links

Official

President Joe Biden official website (archived)
- Obama White House biography (archived)
Senator Joseph R. Biden (1973–2009)

Other

- - - Joe Biden at On the Issues
Joe Biden at PolitiFact

Joe Biden Explained

Early life (1942–1965)

Marriages, law school, and early career (1966–1973)

1972 U.S. Senate campaign in Delaware

Death of wife and daughter

Second marriage

Teaching

U.S. Senate (1973–2009)

Senate activities

Brain surgeries

Senate Judiciary Committee

Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq

1988 and 2008 presidential campaigns

1988 campaign

2008 campaign

2008 and 2012 vice presidential campaigns

2008 campaign

2012 campaign

Vice presidency (2009–2017)

First term (2009–2013)

Second term (2013–2017)

Role in the 2016 presidential campaign

Post-vice presidency (2017–2021)

2020 presidential campaign

Speculation and announcement

Campaign

Presidential transition

Presidency (2021–2025)

Inauguration

First 100 days

Domestic policy

Economy

Judiciary

Infrastructure and climate

Immigration

Pardons and commutations

Pardons of family members and political figures

2022 elections

Foreign policy

Withdrawal from Afghanistan

Russian invasion of Ukraine

China affairs

Israel–Hamas war

NATO enlargement

Investigations

Retention of classified documents

Business activities

Age and health concerns

2024 presidential campaign

Assessments

Post-presidency (2025–present)

Political positions

Public image

Job approval

Media depictions

Scholarly rankings

See also

Notes

References

Citations

Works cited

Further reading

External links

Official

Other