| Honorific-Prefix: | The Honourable |
| Joseph-Octave Villeneuve | |
| Order: | 23rd |
| Office: | Mayor of Montreal |
| Term Start: | 1894 |
| Term End: | 1896 |
| Predecessor: | Alphonse Desjardins (politician) |
| Successor: | Richard Wilson-Smith |
| Office2: | Senator for De Salaberry, Quebec |
| Term Start2: | 1896 |
| Term End2: | 1901 |
| Predecessor2: | Joseph Tassé |
| Successor2: | Frédéric Liguori Béique |
| Appointed2: | Mackenzie Bowell |
| Office3: | Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Hochelaga |
| Predecessor3: | Louis Beaubien |
| Successor3: | Charles Champagne |
| Term Start3: | 1886 |
| Term End3: | 1887 |
| Predecessor4: | Charles Champagne |
| Successor4: | Daniel-Jérémie Décarie |
| Term Start4: | 1890 |
| Term End4: | 1896 |
| Birth Date: | 1836 3, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, Lower Canada |
| Death Place: | Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Profession: | businessman |
Joseph-Octave Villeneuve (4 March 1836 - 27 June 1901) was a Canadian businessman, provincial politician, and senator.
Entering business in Montreal, Villeneuve founded a firm of wholesale grocers and spirits merchants. As a businessman and local politician he acquired large commercial interests in Canada.[1]
He was mayor of Saint-Jean-Baptiste from 1866 to 1886 and warden of Hochelaga county from 1866 to 1880. From 1894 to 1896, he was the Mayor of Montreal. He was the Legislative Assembly of Quebec member for Hochelaga from 1886 to 1888 and from 1890 to 1896.
In 1896, he was appointed to the Canadian Senate representing the senatorial division of De Salaberry, Quebec. A Conservative, he served until his death in 1901.