Josef Anton von Gegenbaur (6 March 1800, in Wangen, Württemberg – 31 January 1876, in Rome) was a German historical and portrait painter.
He studied first at the Royal Academy in Munich under Robert von Langer, remaining in that city from 1815 to 1823. Among his productions there were two idyllic works, a "Saint Sebastian" and a "Madonna and Child", altar-piece for his native town. In 1823 the painter went to Rome, where he remained until 1826, studying especially the works of Raphael. He became successful as a fresco painter, and, on his return to Württemberg, the king made him court painter and commissioned him to decorate the Royal Villa of Schloss Rosenstein. There Gegenbauer painted a number of frescoes:
In 1829 Gegenbaur went again to Rome and worked on frescoes. During later residence in Stuttgart he was employed from 1836 to 1854 in decorating the royal Palace with sixteen scenes in fresco from the history of Württemberg. These include incidents in the life of Count Eberhard II of Württemberg.
Gegenbauer also produced a number of oil paintings, including: