| José Miguel Barriga Castro | |
| Office: | Member of Parliament, the Republic of Chile |
| Term Start: | 1855 |
| Term End: | 1858 |
| Predecessor: | Máximo Mujica Echaurren |
| Successor: | Francisco Vargas Fontecilla |
| Constituency: | San Felipe, Putaendo and Los Andes |
| Office2: | Member of Parliament, the Republic of Chile |
| Term Start2: | 1858 |
| Term End2: | 1861 |
| Predecessor2: | José Alejo Valenzuela Díaz |
| Successor2: | Manuel José Yrarrázaval Larraín |
| Office3: | Member of Parliament, the Republic of Chile |
| Term Start3: | 1861 |
| Term End3: | 1864 |
| Constituency3: | Linares, Parral and Loncomilla Department |
| Predecessor3: | Rafael Gatica Soiza |
| Successor3: | Juan Esteban Rodríguez Segura |
| Birth Date: | June 14, 1816 |
| Birth Place: | , Los Andes, Chile |
| Death Date: | September 3, 1886 |
| Death Place: | , Santiago, Chile |
| Citizenship: | Chile |
| Nationality: | Chilean |
| Spouse: | Trinidad Espinoza Plaza de los Reyes |
| Occupation: | Lawyer, politician, surveyor |
| Party: | Chile Liberal Party |
José Miguel Barriga Castro (Los Andes, Chile, June 14, 1816 – September 3, 1886) was a Chilean lawyer, politician and surveyor. He was the son of Don Juan Agustín Barriga and Margarita Castro. On May 24, 1844, he married Trinidad Espinoza Plaza de los Reyes in Cauquenes.
He began his studies in his hometown and later moved to Santiago, where he studied at the National Institute. He was admitted to the bar on May 3, 1837. He then began his surveying studies, which concluded in 1839.
José Miguel Barriga Castro served first as a teacher at the National Institute, a position he held until 1842, when he became judge of Cauquenes. His good work made him move up quickly. In 1847 he was appointed Governor of Maule, developing a comprehensive work of social progress.
Castro was the founding Minister of the Concepción Court (1849) and Minister of the Santiago Court of Appeals (1852). He joined the Civil Code Revision Commission to draft Andres Bello in 1855. That same year he was named Minister of the Supreme Court and in 1857 president of the national Supreme Court of Justice.
José Miguel Barriga Castro was a member of the Liberal Party. He was elected Member of Parliament for San Felipe (1855-1858), for Petorca (1858-1861) and for Linares (1861-1864). During this time he integrated the Standing Committee on Constitution, Law and Justice, and also the Standing Committee on Finance and Industry. He was Vice President of the House of Representatives (1858). He was again selected President of the Supreme Court of Justice (1877-1883).
Castro retired to live in his private residence until his death on September 3, 1886.