| José Giral | |
| Honorific-Prefix: | The Most Excellent |
| Honorific-Suffix: | OIC |
| Order: | Prime Minister of Spain |
| Term Start: | 19 July 1936 |
| Term End: | 4 September 1936 |
| President: | Manuel Azaña |
| Predecessor: | Diego Martínez Barrio |
| Successor: | Francisco Largo Caballero |
| Order1: | Minister of State |
| Term Start1: | 17 May 1937 |
| Term End1: | 5 April 1938 |
| Primeminister1: | Juan Negrín |
| Predecessor1: | Julio Álvarez del Vayo |
| Successor1: | Julio Álvarez del Vayo |
| Order2: | Minister of the Navy |
| Term Start2: | 18 February 1936 |
| Term End2: | 22 August 1936 |
| Primeminister2: | Manuel Azaña Santiago Casares Quiroga |
| Predecessor2: | Antonio Azarola Gresillón |
| Successor2: | Francisco Matz Sánchez |
| Term Start3: | 14 October 1931 |
| Term End3: | 12 June 1933 |
| Primeminister3: | Juan Negrín |
| Predecessor3: | Santiago Casares Quiroga |
| Successor3: | Lluis Companys |
| Constituency4: | Cáceres |
| Term Start4: | 16 March 1936 |
| Term End4: | 31 March 1939 |
| Constituency5: | Cáceres |
| Term Start5: | 14 July 1931 |
| Term End5: | 9 October 1933 |
| Birth Date: | 22 October 1879 |
| Birth Place: | Santiago de Cuba |
| Death Date: | 23 December 1962 (aged 83) |
| Death Place: | Ciudad de Mexico |
José Giral y Pereira (22 October 1879 - 23 December 1962) was a Spanish politician, who served as the 75th Prime Minister of Spain during the Second Spanish Republic.
Giral was born in Santiago de Cuba. He had degrees in Chemistry and Pharmacy from the University of Madrid. In 1905 he became professor of chemistry in the University of Salamanca. He founded Acción Republicana with Manuel Azaña. During the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera he conspired against the regime, and was imprisoned three times. When the Second Republic was declared, he was named director of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and advisor of State. Between 1931 and 1933 he served as Minister of the Navy.
After the failure of Diego Martínez Barrio to form a government to restrain the military revolt of 17 July 1936, Azaña ordered Giral to form a new government constituted exclusively by republicans. This 133rd Prime Minister government lasted from 19 July to 4 September 1936. Then, with the fall of Talavera de la Reina and the Army of Morocco within reach of Madrid, Giral was forced to cede power to Francisco Largo Caballero.
After the end of the Spanish Civil War he went to France, then to Mexico. In 1945 he succeeded Juan Negrín as prime minister of the Spanish Republican government in Exile until 1947.He died in Mexico.
He married María Luisa González y de la Calle.
Members of Giral's cabinet of 19 July 1936 – 4 September 1936 were:
| Ministry | Start | End | Officeholder | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premier | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | José Giral | Republican Left | ||
| State (Foreign Affairs) | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Left | |||
| Justice | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Union | |||
| War | 19 July 1936 | 6 August 1936 | Army | |||
| 6 August 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Army | ||||
| Navy | 19 July 1936 | 22 August 1936 | José Giral | Republican Left | ||
| 22 August 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Francisco Maíz Sánchez | ||||
| Interior | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Army | |||
| Finance | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Left | |||
| Industry and Commerce | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Union | |||
| Communications and Merchant Marine | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Union | |||
| Public Works | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Left | |||
| Agriculture | 19 July 1939 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Left | |||
| Education and Fine Arts | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Left | |||
| Labor, Health and Planning | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Republican Left of Catalonia |